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31.
Statistical tests for regional seismic phase characterizations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. Persson 《Journal of Seismology》2003,7(1):19-33
In seismic analysis some assumptions are often made aboutthe data, e.g. stationarity and Gaussianity. This is not obvious for all realseismic data. Here, we use statistical tests for characterization of regionalseismic data. We apply tests for stationarity, symmetry, linearity, andtime-reversibility. In the analysis we use twelve regional seismic events inFennoscandia recorded with the seismic small-aperture arrays NORESS,ARCESS and FINESA at hypocentral distances in the range from 160 to1580 km. For the tests we use the regional phases Pn, secondary P, Sn and Lg-phases and the preceding noise. Two of the eventsare explosions, two are rockbursts and eight are earthquakes. Theperformance and possibilities of using statistical tests based on bispectra, asa complementary tool for conventional analysis of seismic phases isdemonstrated. The preceding noise recorded before the first onset of theP-wave for the twelve events is tested to be spatially stationarybetween each channel within each array and temporal stationary in 21consecutive time windows of 3.2 sec each. Also, the preceding noise issymmetric and linear. The seismic phases defined by the symmetry test asnon-Gaussian (not symmetric) are all linear. This means a linear model canbe used to characterize both the noise and the phases. The first P-phase for the two explosions is characterized as non-Gaussian at thethree arrays. For all 36 possibly first P-phase arrivals at the three arraystations, 23 are non-Gaussian. The second P-phase is non-Gaussian at13 of 36 data records, the S-phase at eleven of 36 and the Lg-phase at nine of 36. For all the four phases more than 32 of possible36 are time-reversible. 相似文献
32.
Summary ¶Rock zones containing a high fracture density and/or soft, low cohesion materials can be highly problematic when encountered during tunnel excavation. For example in the eastern Aar massif of central Switzerland, experiences during the construction of the Gotthard highway tunnel showed that heavily fractured areas within shear zones were responsible for overbreaks in the form of chimneys several metres in height. To understand and estimate the impact of the shear zones on rock mass behaviour, knowledge concerning the rock mass strength and deformation characteristics is fundamental. A series of laboratory triaxial tests, performed on samples from granite- and gneiss-hosted shear zones revealed that with increasing degree of tectonic overprint, sample strength decreases and rock behaviour shows a transition from brittle to ductile deformation. These trends may be explained by increasing fracture densities, increasing foliation intensity, increasing thickness of fine-grained, low cohesion fracture infill, and increasing mica content associated with the increasing degree of tectonic overprint. As fracture density increases and the influence of discrete, persistent discontinuities on rock mass strength decreases, behaviour of the test samples becomes more and more representative of rock mass behaviour, i.e. that of a densely fractured continuum. For the purpose of numerical modeling calculations, the shear zones may be subdivided with respect to an increasing fracture density, foliation intensity and mica content into a strongly foliated zone, a fractured zone and a cohesionless zone, which in turn exhibit brittle, brittle-ductile and ductile rock mass constitutive behaviour, respectively.Received December 17, 2001; accepted January 9, 2003
Published online April 29, 2003 相似文献
33.
A. Anagnostopoulos G. Koukis N. Sabatakakis G. Tsiambaos 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2003,21(4):377-387
This study presents the results of Cone Penetration Tests (CPT) and estimated correlations with the results of other in-situ tests (standard penetration test, cross-hole, seismocone) and laboratory tests (classification and undrained shear strength tests). These tests cover nearly all types of penetrable soils in Greece and, together with the formulation of empirical correlations, complement and improve on previous studies due to the significant number of CPT measurements. 相似文献
34.
利用光谱反射率估算叶片生化组分和籽粒品质指标研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对可见光至短波红外波段(350—2500nm)冬小麦田间冠层光谱反射率与叶片含氮量间的关系进行了相关分析。结果表明,820—1100nm波段的光谱反射率与叶片含氮量极显著正相关;1150—1300hm波段的光谱反射率与叶片含氮量显著正相关,以上两波段为叶片全氮的敏感波段。对各生育时期叶片全氮与其他生化组分的关系进行了回归分析,并建立了相关的回归方程,显著性检验结果表明,方程具有较高的可靠性。小麦的叶片含氮量可以估算其它生化组分及干物质指标含量,开花期叶片含氮量可用来估测籽粒蛋白质和干面筋等品质指标含量。 相似文献
35.
世界应力图(WSM,World Stress Map)计划的应力指标,目前已累积数据共计10 920个,这些应力指标代表了该地区最大水平主应力的实际观测方向;与此同时,可以假定全球各个板块的绝对运动方向表征了相应各板块的最大水平主应力方向的长波分量.根据应力场的叠加原理,得到由该地区局部构造运动等因素贡献的短波分量的相对大小和方向.将全球划分成2.52.5的基本单元,对每个单元的WSM数据进行加权统计分析,得到其平均应力观测取向,利用HS2-NUVEL1全球绝对板块运动模型计算应力场的长波分量;平均观测应力取向和长波分量取向之间的夹角,决定了相应短波分量相对于观测应力场的大小及其取向的范围,并反映了特定研究地区局部应力场对总应力场的贡献程度.本文的计算结果表明,全球板块的绝大部分地区及各板块的平均效果,长波分量与短波分量对观测应力场的贡献程度相当.对于某些大陆板块内部,局部构造活动对观测应力场的贡献起到重要作用,因而控制着地震的孕育与发生. 相似文献
36.
SLJ型宽频带大动态力平衡三分向加速度计的设计与研制 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
文中详尽介绍了三分向力平衡加速度计的技术性能、工作原理和理论计算,给出了技术指标鉴定实测结果和获取地震记录的时程曲线。 相似文献
37.
城市化对北京平均气温的影响 总被引:40,自引:2,他引:40
本文利用北京(观象台)及周围几个气象台站月平均气温资料,滑动平均后,采用主成分分析方法,再进行倾向性分析,探讨了北京城市化对气平均气温的影响,估算对北京(观象台)气温记录的影响约为0.21℃/33a推断市中心二环路以内强烈地影响。 相似文献
38.
DYNAMIC VARIATIONS OF WATER QUALITY IN TAIHU LAKE AND MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF ITS INFLUENTIAL FACTORS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cai Qiming Gao Xiyun Chen Yuwei Ma Shengwei Nanjing Institute of Geography Limnology CAS Nanjing People''s Republic of ChinaMartin Dokulil Institute of Limnology Austria 《地理学报(英文版)》1997,(3)
LakeTaihuisalargeshallowlakeinChina,whichpalysanimportantroleinwater-quantityregulation,watersupply,cultivationetc.Withrapiddevelopmentofagricultureandindustryinthearea,alargenumberofpollutantshavebeendischargedintothelake,leadingtoanincreaseinnutrients… 相似文献
39.
远洋沉积物是多金属结核赖以生长的场所,本文系统地研究了沉积物中主要成矿元素水成组分在不同地球化学场和不同沉积阶段的地球化学特征,以及水成组分的含量比与成矿作用的相互关系。研究表明,Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu都是一些比较活泼的元素,它们共处于多金属结核、沉积物和大洋水的统一体系中,当结核形成时,Mn、Fe、Ni、Cu在结核与沉积物中的含量呈负相关,而Co含量呈正相关。研究区东部结核以富含Mn、Ni、Cu贫Fe、Co为特征,其伴生沉积物相对贫Mn、Ni、Cu、Co,而富Fe,可称之为贫化的地球化学场。研究区西部结核富含Fe、Co而贫Mn、Ni、Cu,其伴生沉积物则相应贫Fe,而富Mn、Ni、Cu、和Co,可称之为富化的地球化学场。可以看出,贫化的沉积物地球化学场,恰恰是寻找富矿结核的最佳场所。早中新世以来的沉积物,根据水成组分的含量或含量比,也可相应于结核的形成分为三大沉积阶段,其中的第Ⅱ阶段具有贫化的地球化学特征,是多金属结核形成的最有利时期 相似文献
40.
LI Lianfa & WANG Jinfeng State Key Laboratory of Resources Environment Information System Institute of Geography Science & Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(3)
Sampling is to, by efficient selection of samples, acquire the accurate information about the population (the research object) at less cost. Spatial sampling is a kind of sampling toward geospatial objects or features with spatial correlation. The differences between effi-cient sampling and completely universal survey lie in quality, time and cost. Sampling provides a kind of economical, prompt and accurate survey[13]. Efficient spatial sampling can be regarded as the optimization of the sampl… 相似文献