The complex one-sided integrals of Cauchy and Hadamard and application to boundary element method

The definitions of complex integrals of Cauchy and Hadamard with the singular point coinciding with the end point of the integration curve are proposed. It is shown that the new integrals satisfy most of the properties of the regular ones, including the change of variables. It is also shown that the Cauchy principal value (CPV) and Hadamard finite-part (HFP) integrals can be considered as a sum of the new type integrals. The application to numerical solution by the boundary element method (BEM) and the complex hypersingular integral equation (CHSIE) for the multiregions of interacting elastic bodies and bodies with cracks and holes is discussed. The different ways to place the collocation points are considered. The numerical results for the problems of circular hole and circular elastic inclusion in infinite plate indicated that the appropriate choice of the approximating functions leads to a high accuracy of the calculation. Applications of the new technique to geomechanics problems are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Elemental mobility in subduction metamorphism: insight from metamorphic rocks of the Franciscan Complex and the Feather River ultramafic belt,California

The degree of element mobility in subduction metamorphism has generated much debate; some workers advocate considerable mobility during metamorphism, whereas others postulate minimal mobility. We assess this issue by examination of major and trace element concentrations and Pb-, Nd-isotopic data for 39 mafic metavolcanic rocks from the Franciscan subduction complex, related units of coastal California, and the Feather River ultramafic belt of the northern Sierra Nevada, California; these samples span a wide range of metamorphic grade. We conclude that these rocks, despite their metamorphism up to eclogite facies, preserve protolith major and trace elemental compositions and isotopic ratios, with the exception of some mobile large ion lithophile elements such as Ba, Pb, and to a smaller extent La, U, and Sr. Thus subduction metamorphism of these metabasalts occurred in a largely closed system. Lack of light rare earth element enrichment in the rocks demonstrates lack of chemical exchange with subducted metasediments. Relatively low SiO₂ content (<48 wt.%) of many of the metamorphic rocks and the lack of correspondence between silica depletion and metamorphic grade suggests that the silica depletion resulted from seafloor hydrothermal alteration before subduction. In spite of demonstrated mobility of Pb, and possible mobility of Nd, isotopic ratios of Pb and Nd were not modified during subduction metamorphism. In contrast to our results from metabasaltic rocks, our analysis of actinolite-rich rinds from high-grade Franciscan mélange blocks suggests some chemical exchange between metachert and the overlying mantle. The increasing enrichment in Ba and Pb with increasing metamorphic grade suggests that Ba- and Pb-rich fluids interacted more intensely with metabasalt at the higher grades of metamorphism. Comparison of these results with studies of the active Mariana forearc suggests that fluids interacting with the mantle wedge up-dip of the region of magma genesis are derived from subducting sediments overlying the down-going plate.     

章丘市积极探索旧村综合整治新模式

章丘市创新旧村综合整治新模式,以群众满意不满意、拥护不拥护为标准,不搞一个模式,不搞盲目推进。为稳步推进,确保社会稳定,把好事办好,章丘市国土资源局加大了市场化运作方式,把权力交给基层群众,积极探索了多元化运作机制,有力地推动了旧村整治与新社区建设的发展。     

强震的孕育规律与孕震模式

针对强震能否预测以及如何预测的科学难题,建立孕震断层多锁固段脆性破裂理论,发现强震孕育过程的指数规律：sf（k）=1.48ksc,其中sf（k）和sc分别为第k个锁固体断裂点与第一个锁固段膨胀起点对应的累加Be-nioff应变,可以利用锁固段在其变形膨胀点处开始发生的震群事件（加速性地震活动前兆）预测未来大震,并给出了强震四要素相关预测方法。通过对诸多历史强震（如邢台地震、海城地震、汶川地震、玉树地震等）的回溯性检验分析表明：强震可以预测,且其孕震过程都遵循着上述简单的共性力学规律。在此基础上,归纳出4种典型强震的孕震模式,即大震震级呈＂大—小—大＂型,大震震级呈连续上升型,锁固段快速连续破裂型与标准型。此外,根据相关强震预测理论方法,对有关抗震救灾未来研究的方向提出如下建议：建议加强活动断裂位置精确定位、性质判定的地震地质研究,并开展孕震区锁固段（闭锁区域）判识的地质与地球物理研究等。     

矿井探地雷达井下快速超前探测与数据分析

煤矿井下条件复杂,生产进度快,探测掘进面平整度差。为了准确探测矿井掘进工作面前方地质构造情况,基于探地雷达反射原理,介绍探地雷达在井下工作实用探测方式,探讨了井下探地雷达数据处理和波形分析方法,结合在煤矿井下的应用试验,分析探地雷达实际使用效果,指导煤矿安全生产。     

含圆柱形弹性夹杂地基沉降量的解析解

研究各向同性地基中含一个圆柱形弹性夹杂的地基沉陷问题。考虑全场的应力、变形特征,运用复变函数的罗朗级数展开技术,构造合适的应力函数,结合夹杂的边界条件和无穷远的性态,获得了全场复势的解析表达。数值结果显示：由于两相材料剪切模量之比的不同,在某个范围内沉陷量大于基底中点沉陷;在这个范围之外,则小于基底中点沉陷。当夹杂埋深为夹杂半径的5倍以上时,就可以运用所得结果,而不致引起太大误差;含圆形隧洞和刚性夹杂的问题可作为特殊情况得到。     

Spatial mapping of earthquake hazard parameters in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya and adjacent regions: Implication for future seismic hazard

The study deals spatial mapping of earthquake hazard parameters like annual and 100-years mode along with their 90% probability of not being exceeded (NBE) in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya and adjoining regions. For this purpose, we applied a straightforward and most robust method known as Gumbel’s third asymptotic distribution of extreme values (GIII). A homogeneous and complete earthquake catalogue during the period 1900–2010 with magnitude M_W ⩾ 4.0 is utilized to estimate these earthquake hazard parameters. An equal grid point mesh, of 1° longitude X 1° latitude, is chosen to produce detailed earthquake hazard maps. This performance allows analysis of the localized seismicity parameters and representation of their regional variations as contour maps. The estimated result of annual mode with 90% probability of NBE is expected to exceed the values of M_W 6.0 in the Sulaiman–Kirthar ranges of Pakistan and northwestern part of the Nepal and surroundings in the examined region. The 100-years mode with 90% probability of NBE is expected to exceed the value of M_W 8.0 in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya with Caucasus mountain belt, the Sulaiman–Kirthar ranges of Pakistan, northwestern part of the Nepal and surroundings, the Kangra–Himanchal Pradesh and Kashmir of India. The estimated high values of earthquake hazard parameters are mostly correlated with the main tectonic regimes of the examined region. The spatial variations of earthquake hazard parameters reveal that the examined region exhibits more complexity and has high crustal heterogeneity. The spatial maps provide a brief atlas of the earthquake hazard in the region.     

上海旧里保护改造模式与产权处置路径

保护性改造里弄,维护建筑历史和城市文脉是当前城市更新思潮的主流,但改造过程将面临土地制度的诸多约束。本文以静安别墅、田子坊、建业里、179街坊、思南公馆等五个较具代表性的改造案例分析入手,结合产权变动与建筑改造解构与组合,提出里弄的保护改造四种模式,并分析不同模式下土地产权处置差别化方式、路径和土地利益分配形式,为城市日居住保护改造实施提供理论和实践借鉴。     

全球锑原材料贸易格局演化分析

随着中国锑矿产量下降以及全球新能源领域对锑需求量的增加, 全球锑原材料供需格局正在改变。对全球锑原材料贸易格局的现状及演化过程开展分析, 有助于世界各国构建弹性的锑原材料供应链。本文基于物质流与复杂网络分析方法, 定量刻画了四类锑原材料(锑矿石、锑金属、锑初级加工品、再生锑)的全球贸易格局(2002—2020年), 分析了典型国家(地区)的锑原材料贸易结构及贸易地位变化特征, 总结了贸易格局的演化规律。研究发现: (1)锑初级加工品是全球最主要的贸易品种, 其贸易量占全球锑原材料总贸易量的一半以上; (2)中国和美国分别是贸易地位排名前两位的国家, 印度、欧盟、韩国是贸易地位上升最快三个国家(地区); (3)欧盟锑金属的进口来源呈现明显的多元化趋势, 显著降低了对中国的进口依赖, 表明欧盟近些年实施的关键原材料多元化进口战略取得了显著成效; (4)中国在全球锑原材料供应格局中的绝对优势地位在下降, 与此同时, 全球锑原材料贸易格局正朝着更加多元的方向发展。     

河北矾山超钾质岩浆氧逸度及含水性特征的磷灰石地球化学记录

产于华北克拉通北缘的晚三叠世矾山超钾质碱性岩杂岩体主要由单斜辉石岩和辉石正长岩等组成,以发育内生磷灰石-磁铁矿矿床而闻名。本文选取矾山杂岩体中的磷灰石为研究对象,通过测试磷灰石的主微量元素及原位Sr-Nd同位素组成以探讨母岩浆的氧逸度及含水性特征。研究表明,矾山磷灰石以轻稀土元素富集、重稀土元素亏损为特征,显示出缺乏显著Ce异常的“右倾”的稀土配分型式,且具有较低的Ga含量及较高的δEu值,暗示杂岩体具有较高的岩浆氧逸度,这也得到了磷灰石Mn氧逸度计的支持。所有磷灰石以高Sr、低Y为特征,具有较高的Sr/Y(>30)和La/Yb(>90)比值,且Sr/Y与La/Yb存在明显的正相关关系,表明矾山超钾质岩浆具有较高的含水量。矾山磷灰石的原位Sr-Nd同位素投点位于地幔序列,明显偏离地壳趋势。母岩浆的“氧化且富水”特征是矾山杂岩体得以发生磷灰石-磁铁矿矿化的重要因素,其主要与板片俯冲过程中蚀变洋壳对岩石圈地幔的交代作用有关。通过对比矾山杂岩体与全球范围内其他地质环境中磷灰石的成分数据,发现具有“高Sr、低F、少Cl”特征的磷灰石可作为识别超钾质碱性岩杂岩体(及其相关金属矿床)的...