黏土中隔舱吸力式钢圆筒安装及水平受荷试验研究

近年来大直径钢圆筒结构在离岸人工岛工程中得到应用,如港珠澳大桥人工岛即采用振动下沉的方式安装钢圆筒,该方法对施工条件、装备以及施工控制技术要求较高。提出一种新型隔舱吸力式钢圆筒结构,在钢圆筒内部设置隔舱板,将结构分为上下两个隔舱,通过对下舱抽气实现隔舱吸力式钢圆筒在负压作用下的下沉安装。设计了隔舱吸力式钢圆筒安装及水平承载力模型试验,对比了负压贯入的隔舱吸力式钢圆筒和压力贯入的传统钢圆筒结构的贯入阻力及承载特性,分析了改变隔舱吸力式钢圆筒上下舱高度比L₁/L₂对其沉贯过程及承载特性的影响。结果表明,采用负压吸力沉贯的隔舱吸力式钢圆筒相比于采用压力贯入的传统钢圆筒结构的贯入阻力减小,水平极限承载力提高。在极限水平荷载作用下,随着隔舱吸力式钢圆筒的L₁/L₂从2.28减小到1.00、0.56,转动中心位置上移,水平极限承载力及弯矩承载力得到显著提高。     

中国近50年严冬和冷夏演变趋势与区划

以中国９３个测站１９５３～１９９５年冬季平均最低气温（Ｔｍ）和夏季平均最高气温（ＴＭ）的长期变化趋势及年际、年代际变率特征为研究对象,利用旋转经验正交函数（ＲＥＯＦ）对冬季Ｔｍ和夏季ＴＭ进行客观区划,揭示了我国近半个世纪冷夏、严冬气候异常的变化规律,为进一步研究短期气候预测方法提供了依据     

东营凹陷流体超压封存箱与油气运聚

东营凹陷古近系由于压实不均衡和生烃作用导致超压的广泛发育,这些发育程度不同的超压体系可以构成不同级别的超压封存箱系统,控制着油气的运移和聚集。东营凹陷超压封存箱中的地质地球化学特征显示封存箱可以划分为三部分:箱缘成岩地带(封隔层),对油气起着封闭作用;烃类的有利释放带,其中超压得到一定程度释放,烃类较大程度上排出,可以称为排烃的高峰带;烃类滞留带,该带中超压未能得到很好释放,烃类也多滞留于其中,为排烃的不利地带。幕式排放是超压封存箱排液的一种重要排液方式,存在“压力幕”和“构造幕”两类方式。“构造幕”的机制是外部构造活动的破坏,其排烃方式主要是沿着断裂面及构造裂缝运移;“压力幕”的机制是超压体系内部“剩余”能量的积累和释放,其排烃方式主要是沿着压裂形成的微裂缝排放。在发生幕式排烃作用的超压体系内,排烃效率、烃指数分别较上下层段明显增大和减小。幕式排烃具有的高能量、快运移的特征,使得其在油气勘探中具有重要的意义。东营凹陷可以划分为浅层的常压开放性流体动力学系统和中部的超压封存箱流体动力学系统两类流体动力学系统(排除深层滞留系统),分别对应常压开放性它源油气成藏动力学及超压封存箱型自源油气成藏动力学两类不同成藏机制。     

东营凹陷流体压力系统研究

利用钻井泥岩声波测井资料和实测地层压力资料, 分析了东营凹陷流体压力系统的结构和分布及其影响因素.单井的压力-深度曲线呈现出“二段式”, 即上段正常压力系统(正常压实带) 和下段异常压力系统(欠压实带).剖面和平面压力系统综合分析的结果表明, 东营凹陷压力系统呈现环状结构, 即内环为超高压系统, 中环为高压系统, 外环为常压-低压系统.中环高压系统和内环超高压系统构成了封闭的巨型超压封存箱复合体, 因其与沙河街组三、四段活跃的烃源岩有着成因的联系, 故称之为烃源岩-超压封存箱复合体(SR-OPCC).受渗透性砂岩层、断层及盐构造等压力输导系统的影响, 封存箱内产生压力分隔现象, 形成了若干个由压力输导系统联系的次级超压封存箱.概括了封存箱-压力输导系统-封存箱组合模式.烃源岩-超压封存箱复合体(SR-OPCC) 的存在对油气的运移和聚集产生了深远的影响      

Characteristics of Abnormal Pressure Systems and Their Responses of Fluid in Huatugou Oil Field,Qaidam Basin

Abstract: Based on the comprehensive study of core samples, well testing data, and reservoir fluid properties, the construction and the distribution of the abnormal pressure systems of the Huatugou oil field in Qaidam Basin are discussed. The correlation between the pressure systems and hydrocarbon accumulation is addressed by analyzing the corresponding fluid characteristics. The results show that the Huatugou oil field as a whole has low formation pressure and low fluid energy; therefore, the hydrocarbons are hard to migrate, which facilitates the forming of primary reservoirs. The study reservoirs, located at the Xiayoushashan Formation (N21) and the Shangganchaigou Formation (N1) are relatively shallow and have medium porosity and low permeability. They are abnormal low-pressure reservoirs with an average formation pressure coefficient of 0.61 and 0.72 respectively. According to the pressure coefficient and geothermal anomaly, the N1 and N21 Formations belong to two independent temperature-pressure systems, and the former has slightly higher energy. The low-pressure compartments consist of a distal bar as the main body, prodelta mud as the top boundary, and shore and shallow lake mud or algal mound as the bottom boundary. They are vertically overlapped and horizontally paralleled. The formation water is abundant in the Cl– ion and can be categorized as CaCl2 type with high salinity, which indicates that the abnormal low-pressure compartments are in good sealing condition and beneficial for oil and gas accumulation and preservation.     

Experimental Study on the Influencing Factors of Motion Responses on an Air-Floating Caisson with Multiple Compartments

The structure of an air-floating caisson is suitable for the major structure of caisson-type artificial islands.Thus,it has been rapidly developed and widely used in the exploration and development of oil and gas fields in shallow sea and intertidal zones.Air-floating transportation technology is one of the key technologies employed in this structure.In this paper,the factors influencing the dynamic response characteristics of air-floating caisson with multi-compartments(AFCMC)were studied using model tests.The length and the height of each air-floating structure in the model were 1.0 and 0.1 m,respectively.In addition,the 1:100 models with 6,8,and 10 compartments under regular waves were tested in the wave flume,respectively.In the experiments,the respective water depths were set at 0.2,0.3,and 0.4 m,and the corresponding drafts were 0.05,0.06,and 0.07 m.Results show that with the increase of draft,the heave natural period increased and the maximum amplitude of the heave motion decreased.Meanwhile,the pitch motion decreased at 6 and 8 compartments and increased at 10 compartments.As the water depth increased,the maximum amplitude and amplitude change of heave and pitch motions first increased and then decreased.However,several amplitudes close to the maximum amplitude appeared in the measured period at shallower water depth,thereby indicating the vertical movements of the structure enhanced under shallow water.The increase in the number of compartments reduced the vertical movements under 6.0 m draft,but it increased the vertical movements under 5.0 and 7.0 m draft.Thus,increasing the number of compartments has a limited capacity to improve the motion performance of the structure.     

Rapid shoreline progradation followed by vertical foredune building at Pedro Beach,southeastern Australia

At Pedro Beach on the southeastern coast of Australia a series of foredune ridges provides an opportunity to explore the morphodynamic paradigm as it applies to coastal barrier systems using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, ground penetrating radar (GPR) and airborne LiDAR topography. A series of sandy dune-capped ridges, increasing in height seawards, formed from c. 7000 years ago to c. 3900 years ago. During this time the shoreline straightened as the embayment filled and accommodation space for Holocene sediments diminished. Calculation of Holocene sediment accumulation above mean sea level utilising airborne LiDAR topography shows a decline in average sediment supply over this time period coupled with a decrease in shoreline progradation rate from 1.2 m/yr to 0.38 m/yr. The average ridge ‘exposure lifetime’ during this period increases resulting in higher ridges as dune-forming processes have longer to operate. Increasing exposure to wave and wind energy also appears to have resulted in higher ridges as the sheltering effect of marginal headlands was diminished. An inherited disequilibrium shoreface profile will drive onshore accumulation of sandy sediments forming a prograded barrier; however, if there is no longer ‘accommodation space’ for sediment, this will be an overriding factor causing the cessation of progradation, as occurred c. 3900 years ago at Pedro Beach. Excess sediment in the nearshore zone after 3900 years ago may have been moved northward to nourish downdrift beaches in the compartment. A high outer foredune has formed through vertical accretion after 500 years ago, evidenced by GPR subsurface structures and OSL ages, with a distinct period of vertical and lee slope accretion and dated to the period 1890–1930 AD. The increased dune sediment transport resulting in foredune building is attributed to recent human disturbance. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

陕西省大地构造区划

大陆腹地多旋回复合造山地区以板块构造理论为指导，以主造山期为主体，包含早期残余要素，适当反映陆内构造对本区的改造特点的方法，将陕西省大地构造划分为三个一级单元、五个二级单元和若干三级构造单元，并对其地质组成和演化进行了初步讨论。     

用新理论新方法引导南方海相地层油气勘探研究

根据扬子地区地质和油气的特殊性,提出下扬子地区海相地层可依据二级层序开展盆地分析、层序地层研究和含油气系统的分析,以恢复二级层序的古面貌。重要的是了解上覆二级层序的地质事件对下伏二级层序的改造作用,以认清改造后的新平衡(物理场、应力场、化学场、温度场、含油气系统),建立符合实际的地质模型。