碳氮稳定同位素比值在潮间带大型底栖动物组织间差异性研究

近年来,稳定同位素技术已被广泛应用于食物网研究中。然而,生物样品取样部位对食物网构建的影响的研究相对少见。大型底栖动物作为潮间带食物网的重要组成部分,在食物网研究中有必要对其采样部位进行统一,以增加研究结果的准确性及可比较性。本研究选取黄河三角洲和烟台潮间带10种代表性的大型底栖动物,比较δ13C和δ15N在不同采样部位中的差异。结果显示,对于大多数底栖动物而言,采样部位将直接影响到δ13C和δ15N的测定结果。当底栖动物作为摄食者,需分析其食性和营养级时,应统一采用肌肉组织,如贝类的闭壳肌或足部肌肉,蟹类的鳌足肌肉,鱼类的背部肌肉;当底栖动物作为被摄食者,需分析次级消费者的食性和营养级时,除多毛类采用去除消化道内容物的体壁外,其他种类应选取整体（难以被消化的组织除外）,如贝类的软体部,蟹类肌肉与鳃等的混合组织。     

Primary molecular basis of androgenic gland endocrine sex regulation revealed by transcriptome analysis in Eriocheir sinensis

In crustaceans, the male sexual dif ferentiation and maintenance are specially regulated by androgenic gland(AG). However, little is known about the genes involved in the regulation process.RNA-Seq was performed on AG with ejaculatory duct(AG_ED) and ejaculatory duct(ED) as control in Eriocheir sinensis, one of the most important economic and ?shery crabs with typically sex dimorphism. A total of 925 unigenes were identi?ed as dif ferentially expressed genes(DEGs) and the expression of nine genes randomly selected was con?rmed by qRT-PCR. 667 unigenes were up-regulated in AG_ED, being supposed to be AG preferential genes. Among them, the full length of i nsulin-like androgenic gland factor( IAG) cDNA named as Es-IAG was obtained as a logo gene of AG, which together with the genes i nsulin-like receptor( INR), and s ingle insulin binding domain protein( SIBD), might constitute the sex regulation pathway. Several sex related genes were identi?ed, and their function will have to be investigated. Also,the identi?cation of j uvenile hormone epoxide hydrolase 1( JHEH1), ecdysteroid 22-hydroxylase( DIB) and e cdysone receptor( ECR) preliminarily clari?ed the molecular regulation mechanism of eyestalk-AG-testis axis, which plays important roles in molting and reproduction. The results will enhance our understanding for the molecular basis of the AG involved in male sex regulation in crabs.     

Behavior of drag anchor in clay with linearly increasing shear strength under unidirectional and combined loading

Drag anchor is a widely used economical anchor option for offshore floating structures. The anchor behavior under unidirectional loading and combined loading is important for anchor selection. The anchor behavior under combined loading, characterized by the yield envelope, can also be used for the prediction of anchor installation, which is still an issue in anchor design. However, most existing studies on anchor capacity are for plate anchors which focused only on the anchor pullout capacity in soil with uniform shear strength. The behavior of drag anchor under unidirectional and combined loading in soil with linearly increasing shear strength profile is seldom investigated. The current 2D finite element studies investigate the anchor behavior for a horizontal anchor fluke in clay with linearly increasing shear strength under unidirectional vertical, horizontal and rotational loadings first. Then based on the results of anchor unidirectional loading behavior, the yield envelopes for anchor under combined loading for both shallow and deep embedded flukes are studied. The effect of anchor embedment depth, soil non- homogeneity, soil overburden pressure and the soil/anchor interface breakaway conditions are studied to provide insight for drag anchor design.     

汾河水库流域人工增雨可行性研究

本文通过对汾河流域40a气象、水文资料的分析,结合现阶段人工增雨技术的研究,以增加水库蓄水量为目的,设计科学可行的人工增雨方案,并对可能的投入和预期产生的效益进行分析研究,为通过人工增雨增加水库蓄水量提供科学依据。     

楼层上钻孔灌注桩施工方案可行性分析

文华大厦因设计变更，需在已施工的楼层上施工钻孔灌注桩，通过对主要受力部分AB梁进行力学分析，以及对其进行加固，解决了楼层上钻孔灌注桩施工难题。     

台风阻塞形势下两次四川盆地持续性暴雨过程对比研究

利用 CMORPH融合资料、地面降水资料和卫星云图资料,针对2015年6月22~24日（过程一）和2018年7月10~12日（过程二）四川省持续性暴雨过程,从动力、热力、水汽、云图等多方面进行对比分析。结果表明：两次过程的落区、强度均不相同;过程一主要降水产生于四川盆地东北部到中部,48h内共有338个区域自动站出现了暴雨以上的降水,最大雨量达到313.5mm;过程二强降水出现在四川盆地西北部,48h内共有942个区域自动站出现了暴雨以上的降水,最大雨量达到481.7mm。两次过程都有高空低槽、台风、切变线等多个不同尺度影响系统的相互作用;台风登陆点对四川盆地的暴雨落区有明显影响,台风从广西登陆,盆地降水偏北,而从东部沿海登陆,盆地降水偏西。两次过程低槽均为后倾槽,斜压特征明显;过程一降水激发了盆地涡的生成,盆地涡又使得降水持续,整个降水过程基本处于不稳定层结下,有MCC生成,多个时次的1h降水超过30mm;过程二随着副高东退,低槽东移,降水由前期的对流性转为稳定性降水。从位涡发展和移动来看,两次过程高位涡与强降水的发生时段吻合,位涡指示四川盆地暴雨落区具有重要的参考价值。     

在全数字方式下对宁夏草地覆盖的遥感宏观研究

以TM影象为信息源,在全数字方式下运用遥感技术与地理信息系统技术结合建立了宁夏草地覆盖的TM影象数据库、图形数据库和属性数据库。通过分析得出全区现有草地面积2 481 345 hm²,占全区面积的47.92%,其中高覆盖度草地占3.93%,中覆盖度草地占43.45%,低覆盖度草地占52.62%。     

海洋中液-固界面作用的分形研究Ⅰ.SAXS法测量固体交换剂的分维

本文将分形作为一个新概念,应用到海洋化学的液-固界面作用的一系列的研究上。根据用SAXS法测定一些常见的粘土矿物(高岭石,蒙脱石)和水合氧化物(水锰矿、δ-MnO_2、氧化铁凝胶、针铁矿、无定形氧化铁)的分维结果,可将这些结果划分成三类:(1)小尺度模量下具有表面分形;大尺度模量下具有质量分形。(2)只有一种分维值的表面分形。(3)在小尺度模量下和大尺度模量下分别具有不同分维值的表面分形。     

Box-Behnken设计-效应面法优选百合防褐变加工工艺研究

目的：优选百合防褐变的加工工艺。方法：在单因素试验基础上,以王百合苷B含量、褐变度、浸出物为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken设计效应面法考察烫片时间、干燥温度、干燥时间对其质量的影响,优选百合的防褐变加工工艺参数。结果:百合防褐变加工工艺为烫片时间3.5 min,干燥温度90℃,干燥时间3.0 h。结论：优选的百合防褐变加工工艺合理可行,可适用于工业生产。     

莱州湾夏季环流垂向结构及其影响机制的研究

完善莱州湾三维环流结构,对进一步认识莱州湾海域的物质输运和生态环境保护具有重要科学意义,但前人对于莱州湾环流三维结构的研究相对较少。本文基于一套高分辨率的海洋数值模式,从三维角度研究了莱州湾夏季8月份环流的气候态特征及其影响机制。数值研究表明,莱州湾夏季环流垂向结构呈现双层环流特征,其中在跨等深线方向,环流的双层结构环流特征比较显著且存在显著的密度锋面结构。动量诊断的结果进一步表明,这种双层结构环流的形成与底层密度锋面所导致的斜压梯度力密切相关。此外,通过量化温盐场对于密度锋面的贡献,本文证实了温度梯度是莱州湾顶的密度锋面的主要影响因素,其对斜压梯度力的贡献占比达到99%,而盐度梯度对于莱州湾中部区域的密度锋面十分重要,对斜压梯度力的贡献占比达到58%,这与夏季黄河所带来的淡水通量密切相关。