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Assessing Natural and Cultural Determinants of Urban Forest Quality in Nanjing (China) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
《自然地理学》2013,34(5):455-473
This study assessed underlying natural and cultural determinants of tree health and ways to improve urban forest performance in compact Nanjing city. Two groups of factors were investigated: (1) habitat conditions, including planting site, ground-cover, land cover, and district; and (2) tree traits, including species provenance and seasonality, and tree dimensions. A stratified sampling strategy selected 6351 trees for detailed assessment. The data were analyzed by multivariate logistic regressions. Institutional, park-garden and industrial trees with more open-space sites with vegetated ground-cover performed better than roadside and residential ones. Poor trees in confined residential sites deviated from those in other cities. Park-garden sites did not always nurture meritorious, large and diversified trees. District differentiation in tree performance was related to land cover. Exotic and evergreen species grew better than indigenous and deciduous, offering hints on species-habitat matching. Detailed field and statistical analyses could yield tree-environment information to enhance urban forestry research and management. 相似文献
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硬岩钻进用石油钻头研究现状及发展趋势 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
能源与矿产的持续安全供给是经济快速增长的保证,而中硬岩层钻进一直限制着油气钻井向深部发展。针对硬岩地层钻进,地质行业主要采用金刚石钻头钻进,而油气钻井行业除按传统方法采用牙轮钻头和金刚石钻头钻进之外,也逐渐开展了PDC钻头钻进硬岩的研究。本文分别介绍了牙轮钻头、金刚石钻头和PDC钻头在油气勘探硬岩钻进中的应用研究现状。其中,牙轮钻头研究主要集中在增强轴承密封性能、改进布齿结构和提高切削齿强度三个方面,而金刚石钻头研究则集中在碎岩机理、金刚石参数和胎体性能,以及钻头结构三个方面。提出了三类钻头的研究方向和发展趋势,为硬岩钻探技术发展提供参考。 相似文献
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26.
城市紧凑度的综合测度及驱动力分析——以江苏省为例 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
根据紧凑城市的核心内涵,从经济紧凑度、城市用地及形态紧凑度、交通紧凑度和人口紧凑度等方面,构建城市紧凑度的综合测度模型。运用熵值法,对江苏省13中心城市紧凑度进行综合分析后认为,各中心城市紧凑度总体水平不高,且空间差异明显,大致由南向北渐次减弱,根据差异可将江苏省中心城市紧凑度划分为紧凑、较紧凑和不紧凑三类。在此基础上,提出城市紧凑度主要是制度调控力,市场拉动力、人口推动力和交通引导力共同驱动的结果,结合回归模型对主要驱动力进行比较分析,认为制度调控力,市场拉动力和人口推动力对江苏城市紧凑度影响显著,交通引导力还需要进一步强化。 相似文献
27.
Summary. Metallicity is a key parameter that controls many aspects in the formation and evolution of stars and galaxies. In this review
we focus on the metal deficient galaxies, in particular the most metal-poor ones, because they play a crucial r?le in the
cosmic scenery. We first set the stage by discussing the difficult problem of defining a global metallicity and how this quantity
can be measured for a given galaxy. The mechanisms that control the metallicity in a galaxy are reviewed in detail and involve
many aspects of modern astrophysics: galaxy formation and evolution, massive star formation, stellar winds, chemical yields,
outflows and inflows etc. Because metallicity roughly scales as the galactic mass, it is among the dwarfs that the most metal-poor
galaxies are found. The core of our paper reviews the considerable progress made in our understanding of the properties and
the physical processes that are at work in these objects. The question on how they are related and may evolve from one class
of objects to another is discussed. While discussing metal-poor galaxies in general, we present a more detailed discussion
of a few very metal-poor blue compact dwarf galaxies like IZw18. Although most of what is known relates to our local universe,
we show that it pertains to our quest for primeval galaxies and is connected to the question of the origin of structure in
the universe. We discuss what do QSO absorption lines and known distant galaxies tell us already? We illustrate the importance
of star-forming metal-poor galaxies for the determination of the primordial helium abundance, their use as distance indicator
and discuss the possibility to detect nearly metal-free galaxies at high redshift from Ly emission.
Received 19 August 1999 / Published online: 15 February 2000 相似文献
28.
为了提高变形监测数据预测的精度与可靠性,提高神经网络预测方法的稳定性,尝试将小波分析与BP神经网络相结合的小波神经网络应用于高铁路基处的沉降监测数据处理中。综合小波分析与神经网络算法的优点,建立松散型及紧致型小波神经网络预测分析模型。通过实验数据对比分析,验证了采用紧致型小波神经网络预测模型能够较好地用来处理路基的动态变形监测数据,预测稳定性及预测精度较高。 相似文献
29.
The maximum internal tangential stress is a critical parameter for the design of the PDC (polycrystalline diamond compact) die that has been widely applied to offshore oil drilling. A new simple equation for the calculation of the stress is developed, and verified by the test data from Kingdream Corp. of China, the largest bit Company in China. An opti- mum method for the design of the PDC die is presented and demonstrated in detail, and software for the design and FEM analysis of the die is developed on the basis of the method. This software has been used in oil industry in recent years. 相似文献
30.
Laboratory experiments using a plasma wind generated by laser-target interaction are proposed and analyzed to investigate
the creation of a shock in front of the magnetosphere and the dynamo mechanism. The proposed experiments and simulations are
thought to be relevant to understanding the electron acceleration mechanisms at work in shock-driven magnetic dipole confined
plasma in compact magnetized stars. 相似文献