四川盆地西部致密碎屑岩含气领域勘探实践

四川盆地自１９７１ 年发现了中坝气田后,系统地对致密碎屑岩含气领域进行了研究,并做到理论与实践相结合,从而不断取得突破。在成都平原发现和有效开发了大中型致密砂岩气田,使储产量大幅度增长。加强对致密碎屑岩含气的基础地质研究、探讨天然气的富集规律、紧密结合勘探开发、认真解决科技创新和工艺方法,这样在川西气田的开发中将会获得良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

用正交多项式进行平面磁场拟合的一种新方法

提高现代舰艇磁隐身能力的前提是准确地了解和掌握舰艇空间磁场分布,和舰艇所处地区的地磁场分布情况.针对目前磁场插值或拟合中存在的精度不够高,需要网格化等问题,本文提出了一种基于正交多项式的平面磁场拟合方法.不同于一维正交多项式的拟合方法,此方法首先从一般的完备二维多项式族出发,然后用Gram-Schmidt正交化过程将此完备二维多项式族正交化,得到数值正交基底,然后以此正交基进行平面磁场拟合.为了解决分块拟合问题,又提出了紧支的概念,通过与拉格朗日二维插值的船模试验及仿真比较,发现此方法拟合精度比较高,能够较准确的反映平面磁场的分布,有一定的工程实用价值.     

用于声波正演模拟的时空域高精度交错网格有限差分方法

地震正演模拟是逆时偏移和全波形反演中的核心问题之一,因为它们都需要高效、高精度地模拟波场正向和反向传播。为了提高数值模拟的精度,人们广泛采用高阶有限差分方法,但是大多数方法仅在空间上具有更高的精度,在时间上只有二阶精度。首先系统介绍时空域高精度交错网格有限差分方法的基本原理,然后利用模型验证方法的有效性,结果表明:时空域高精度交错网格有限差分方法拥有比常规交错网格有限差分方法更低的数值频散。      

The youngest lobe-dominated radio sources

We present an analysis of multi-epoch global VLBI observations of the Compact Symmetric Objects: 2352+495 and 0710+439 at 5 GHz. Analysis of data spread over almost two decades shows strong evidence for an increase in separation of the outer components of both sources at a rate of 0.2h⁻¹c (for q=0.5 and H=100h km s⁻¹Mpc⁻¹). Dividing the overall sizes of the sources by their separation rates implies that these Compact Symmetric Objects have a kinematic age 10⁴ years. These results (and those for other CSOs) strongly argue that CSOs are indeed very young sources that probably evolve into much larger classical doubles.     

On the stability of compact supermassive objects

Proceeded from the gravitation equations proposed by one of authors it was argued in a previous paper that there can exist supermassive compact configurations of degenerated Fermi‐gas without events horizon. In the present paper we consider the stability of these objects by a method like the one used in the theory of stellar structure. It is shown that the configurations are stable.     

Quad and compact multitemporal C-band PolSAR observations for crop characterization and monitoring

Monitoring crop condition using optical satellite indices has a legacy of several decades. Early warning of variances in crop production is vital in mitigating regional and global food insecurity. Adoption of optical vegetation indices for this purpose is widespread, yet cloud cover impedes the acquisition of these data. Although early research using scatterometers and aircraft hinted at the sensitivity of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) responses to crop development, the implementation of satellite SAR observations in operational crop condition monitoring is limited. In the research presented here, volume-to-surface (V/S) scattering ratios derived from C-band RADARSAT-2 quad and simulated compact polarimetric (QP and CP) imagery are assessed for their potential to monitor crop growth. Both V/S ratios were strongly correlated with optical vegetation indices, including the widely adopted Normalized Difference and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Indices. The changes in the ratio of volume to surface scattering were correlated with variations in crop biomass. The results support the potential of a SAR scattering ratio for crop condition monitoring. In particular, encouraging results were reported for compact polarimetry, a mode that can be implemented to deliver broader swath coverage conducive to regional and national monitoring.     

旋转冲击钻井工具在塔河油田12区块应用效果分析

简述了旋转冲击钻井工具的特点以及使用原理,其较以往其它提速工具不同之处是结合了机械冲击和水力脉冲破岩两方面的破岩能力。重点分析了该工具在塔河油田12区块使用后的提速提效对比情况以及不同地层的提速情况。目前该工具已经在塔河油田12区块多口井进行了使用,都取得了明显的效果,最低提速为25%,最高提速近45%。分析认为,该工具对于12区块哈拉哈塘组地层而言,提速效果不很理想;对于使用常规“PDC+螺杆”钻具组合可钻性较差,机械钻速不高的井段和地层钻速提高明显,原来钻速较低的井段,钻速提高越快,比如卡拉沙依组和东河塘组地层钻速提高明显很多,最高达到60%以上,一般也在30%以上;同时使用该提速工具后,钻时变得逐步均匀,每米钻时驱于平均,钻头的破岩能力均向化。     

GIS-based sustainable city compactness assessment using integration of MCDM,Bayes theorem and RADAR technology

In recent decades, compact urban development and smart cities are recognised as most sustainable urban form in an effort to protect natural environment. Therefore, evaluation of existing compactness and sustainability of an area is an essential task before the real development takes place. In the literature, it is possible to see some studies on city’s compactness assessment and most of them have considered only a few aspects of compact development analysis. This paper aims to analyse urban sustainability of Kajang city (Malaysia) through a comprehensive city compactness assessment using geographical information system and radar remote sensing technology. To measure building density, a RADAR image of the study area was used to extract built-up areas with the aid of pixel-based and object-based classification schemes. Mixed land use development, urban density and intensity were the main indicators of the analysis. Finally, multicriteria decision-making and Bayes theorems were applied for overall compactness assessment. Building density analysis was validated using standard confusion matrix, which showed more than 90% accuracy. Similarly, the root-mean squared error showed 0.35 for object-based classification. The results classified the zones of the Kajang city in the range of least to most compact zones with the compactness value of 0.00273–0.0146, respectively. The results obtained in this study can help local government to improve the compactness of least compact zones to make Kajang city more sustainable. Furthermore, the results revealed that efficient public transportation and proper community facilities are the key factors to achieve sustainable urban development.     

苏里格气田东二区砂岩成岩作用与致密储层成因

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田东二区主力气层储层岩性致密,成为制约该区天然气勘探开发的主要因素。为了查明储层物性变差的主要原因,利用砂岩薄片、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析等实验手段,深入研究了对苏里格气田东二区主力气层二叠系山西组山1段、石盒子组盒8段储层砂体的岩石学特征与成岩作用。研究发现,储层砂体以岩屑砂岩、岩屑石英砂岩为主,砂岩成熟度较低;研究区砂岩成岩作用主要有压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用和交代作用。结论认为:成岩作用达到中成岩阶段B期;早成岩的压实作用是孔隙度降低的主要原因之一;中成岩期A期在酸性介质条件下由溶蚀作用形成的次生孔隙对砂岩的储集性能具有明显的改善作用;中成岩B期的胶结作用是储层物性变差的最主要原因。     

Kelvin—Voigt黏弹性介质地震波场数值模拟与衰减特征

利用高阶交错网格有限差分模拟Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性介质中传播的地震波,同时将完全匹配层吸收边界条件引入到其边界处理中。数值模拟结果表明,完全匹配层吸收边界效果好,高阶有限差分能模拟得到的黏弹性介质波场精度较高。对模拟的黏弹性波场进行分析,表明介质的粘滞性使地震反射波的能量变弱,高频衰减明显,并比低频衰减得快,主频向低频方向移动,有效频带变窄,即降低了地震波的分辨率;并且反射转换波比反射纵波要衰减得快;而且还随着传播距离的增加,其峰值频率也逐渐降低。通过数值模拟分析具有不同的粘滞系数介质对地震波的吸收和衰减,结果表明随着粘滞系数的增大,地下介质对地震波的吸收衰减更明显。