旅游扶贫中社区居民态度的分异与主要矛盾——以中俄边境村落室韦为例

错综的矛盾常令以旅游业扶贫的乡村很快面临发展的瓶颈。以内蒙古边境村落室韦为例,以身处贫困漩涡中心的社区居民为研究对象,根据居民介入当地“家庭游”时间不同分为3组,通过深度访谈和问卷调查,剖析不同居民在旅游的经济、社会和文化影响感知方面的差异,从社区居民态度角度揭示出困扰当地旅游发展的三对主要矛盾,即负向的经济影响感知与...     

Middle and Late Cambrian trilobite communities from Fenghuang (Dama) of western Hunan, China

Middle and Late Cambrian trilobite faunas from the Dama section in western Hunanare are composed of 63 genera and subgenera, 84 species, and two forms of gen. et sp. indetermined. Which include a mixture of cosmopolitan agnostoids and polymeroids. Three new species, Hardyoides damaensis ,Meringaspis damaensis and Rhyssomelopus (Rodtrifinis ) nitidus, are described by present author in 2004. Besides, Erixanium is recognised for the first time in study area, which is significant for biostratigraphical correlation of the Late Cambrian in the Austalo-Asia region. According to distribution regularity vertical, the Middle and Late Cambrian trilobites can be divided into 9 trilobite communities for the Dama section. Based on the trilobite communities analysis, the author concludes that from the east Mt. Lailong to Dama through Fenghuang, further east, reach in Chenxi.the palaeoenvironments were changed from a shallow-water of oxygen-rich (platform margin slope) into a deep-water of oxygen-poor setting (basin).     

Benthic Associations of the Shelfbreak and Upper Slope off Ubatuba-SP, South-eastern Brazil

The composition and distribution of the benthic communities at the shelfbreak and upper slope of the Ubatuba region (south-eastern Brazil) were studied from a limited set of 15 dredge hauls taken between 130 and 600 m depth. Data analysis using multivariate methods showed the presence of three distinct benthic associations, related to depth and substratum. The first, between 130 and 180 m depth, was associated with the presence of large amounts of calcareous algal blocks, serving as a shelter for most of the organisms sampled, as well as an important substratum for sessile and filter-feeding animals. The second association was from the slope (240–350 m) comprising organisms exclusive to that area, and species common on shallower stations. The major faunal changes were observed in the third association at 500 m, which presented a fauna totally distinct from the former regions. It is suggested that this area is probably an upper limit for deep-living organisms in the region.     

优质学区社区邻里交往特征及其社会空间效应——以南京市银城小学学区为例

优质学区社区作为当前最为活跃的城市社会空间之一,深刻影响着城市社会空间的重构与分异。基于邻里交往的视角,利用针对南京市银城小学学区居民的问卷调查,分析了优质学区社区的邻里交往特征,据此揭示其社会-空间效应。结果表明:(1)作为典型的名校学区社区,银城小学学区的邻里交往表现出低相识度、浅层次、网络化、低认同度、以教育为中心的特点。(2)透过邻里交往讨论优质学区社区的社会-空间特征:居住和交往空间日益成为物质空壳,交往主体和行为成为没有内容和情感支持的“形式”,流动性加剧又引致社会认同锁定在低水平而难以提升。(3)根本上,优质学区社区的社会-空间凸显分离甚至对立的趋势,不断催生学区社区的异化。     

线下和线上场景社区零售可达性及公平性研究

随着数字化转型深入居民日常生活,线上服务对社区资源配置的效率和公平产生了深远影响。论文以南京零售业为例,基于线下和线上零售特征,采用WMS (Web Map Service)方法和SAG (Scenarios Accessibility Gap)测度线下、线上和综合场景下社区零售可达性格局及其场景差异,采用SLM (Spatial Lag Model)、基尼系数,逐一讨论多场景下不同收入群体的社区零售可达性的公平差异程度。结果表明：① 不同场景下,南京市社区零售可达性均呈现“城郊两极化”区域差异,随中心城区、主城区、郊区逐次下降。② 线上服务能有效提高96.76%社区的零售可达性,降低线下场景中64.23%的盲点社区,显著优化了传统线下的社区零售可达性。③ 线下场景,零售可达性随着房价区间升高而先升后降;线上场景,零售可达性随着房价区间升高呈现线性递增,说明线上服务改变了线下场景社区经济属性与零售可达性的关系,放大了不同经济属性社区之间的机会不平等。④ 线下场景,南京市不同收入群体所享有的社区零售资源差距相对较小,而线上场景则差距较大,不公平性更高;由于尺度效应,相比于线下场景,线上场景中多数城区内部社区零售公平性更高。研究可为优化社区生活圈建设、保障社区服务公平性提供规划建议与决策参考。     

新型农村社区建设区位选择——以河南省武陟县为例

新型农村社区是一种介于城镇和农村之间的创新型、现代化空间行政单元,它一般整合多个自然村集中建设,对城乡一体化进程有着重要的推动作用。以河南省武陟县为案例,在新型农村社区规划过程中,利用因子分析等方法,对武陟县342个行政村进行影响因子的筛选、评分和排序,得出区域自然地理条件、人口和社会环境等各项条件对其发展潜力的影响,并由此得出各村的综合评分,确定村庄的发展条件,作为社区中心选择的依据。此方法在新型农村社区规划前期分析及居民点布局中起到基础和关键的作用。     

京郊农村社区宜居性评价研究——以延庆县大榆树镇为例

随着新农村建设的推进,农村社区宜居性研究越发重要。本研究基于马斯洛需求层次理论,构建农村社区主客观宜居性评价指标体系,通过对延庆县大榆树镇进行问卷调查,采用层次分析、多元回归等统计方法进行主客观宜居性及二者差异评价。研究结果表明:1)大榆树镇社区宜居性主客观总体评价一般且较一致,社区建设水平层次仍较低,主观满意度各村差异较大;2)自来水稳定性、污水排放处理等生理层面需求,以及治安状况所体现的安全层面需求与主观满意度关联性最强;3)年龄差异与宜居性满意度评价显著相关,老年人较关注生态环境、道路交通等生理层面需求,年轻人则更关注社交、尊重和自我实现层面需求。     

南极长城站空气微生物的分子生态学分析

微生物是气溶胶的重要组成部分。本研究通过收集南极长城站附近气溶胶,构建气溶胶中空气微生物16S rRNA基因文库,发现南极空气微生物具有很高的多样性,93个克隆子包含了53个OTU(Operational Taxonomic Unit),Shannon指数为3.58,Simpson指数为0.04。南极长城站空气微生物的主要细菌类群为Actinobacteria、Cyanobacteria/Chloroplasts、Bacteroidetes、Firmicutes、Planctomycetes、Proteobacteria及Verrucomicrobia等7个门,Proteobacteria门的细菌是优势类群,占长城站空气微生物细菌克隆文库的65.7%。克隆文库中海源微生物序列及陆源微生物序列各占30.1%,说明长城站附近具有较强的海陆大气交换。我们发现有15个克隆子序列与人类活动相关,占总克隆子数的16.1%,说明人类活动已经影响到了长城站的空气微生物群落结构。     

Relationship between watershed scale macroinvertebrate community and environmental factors in the Japanese archipelago

The conservation and restoration of freshwater ecosystems require the understanding of potential biota of the target area. My ultimate study goal was to clarify the potential fauna of the watershed unit of the Japanese archipelago, a hotspot of biodiversity. Here, I attempted to classify the macroinvertebrate community of the major rivers within the Japanese archipelago, thereby elucidating its biogeography, and to investigate the extent to which environmental factors drive the watershed’s macroinvertebrate community. I classified the rivers located in the northern region of the Japanese archipelago geographically, but did not group the geographically adjacent rivers in the western region together. Differences in watershed size, geological history (including river conflict), and paleo-drainage systems seem to affect the classification results. Moreover, Indicator Species Analysis results suggest that river groups in the northern part of the Japanese archipelago had highly endemic species, whereas, the river groups in the western part of the Japanese archipelago had few highly endemic species. The result of the canonical correspondence analysis indicated that topographic factors, the flow regime, geology, water quality, and anthropogenic factors were significantly correlated with macroinvertebrate classification and distribution. The results of the decision tree model indicated that water temperature and maximum specific discharge were explanatory factors in the classification of the macroinvertebrate community. Further, my results also suggest that environmental factors at a smaller scale than that of the watershed were needed to explain further subdivisions in classification of the macroinvertebrate community.     

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on phytoplankton composition and biomass in 15 subtropical, urban shallow lakes in Wuhan, China

This study aims at investigating the composition and biomass of the phytoplankton community in 15 urban shallow eutrophic lakes as well as the effects of main environmental factors, including nutrient concentrations and the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus, temperature, COD, BOD, water depth, etc. on the phytoplankton community structure. Lake water samples were taken and analyzed on a bimonthly basis during the period from March 2004 to March 2006. The redundancy analysis (RDA) and regression analysis (RA) were performed to identify the effects of nutrients on the phytoplankton community and biomass in these typical urban lakes. The results indicate that most of these urban lakes were hypertrophic due to high concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN), with mean levels of 490 and 5380 mg m⁻³, respectively. The phytoplankton community was dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa and Euglena caudate in summer and Cryptomonas ovata and Cyclotella meneghiniana in winter. The mean biomass of the phytoplankton reached 456.87 mg L⁻¹ in summer months and the annual level was 189.24 mg L⁻¹. Temperature and TP content were found to be the principal limiting factors for phytoplankton growth on an annual basis. On the other hand, the results of RDA and RA demonstrate that the dominant phytoplankton species were not nutrient-limited during summer months. Low TN:TP ratios (<10) were detected accompanied with fewer occurrences of N-fixing cyanobacteria and other filamentous algae in most lakes in summer, which implies that low N:P ratio does not always shifts the dominance of phytoplankton community to the N-fixing cyanobacteria. Moreover, TP always had higher correlation with chlorophyll a (Chl-a) than TN, even when the TN:TP ratios of most samples were lower than 10. Therefore, it is concluded that the TN:TP ratio is not always a suitable index to determine whether nitrogen or phosphorus limits the phytoplankton biomass in urban shallow eutrophic lakes.