Cyclic tests of steel plate shear walls using box‐shape vertical boundary elements with or without infill concrete

The steel plate shear wall (SPSW) is an effective lateral force resisting system in which unstiffened steel infill plates are connected to the horizontal and vertical boundary elements (VBEs) on all sides of the plates. The boundary elements must be designed to resist the tension field force of the infill panels. When the VBEs are made from a steel box section, the flange of each box VBE connected with the infill panels can be pulled out‐of‐plane by significant panel forces, called pull‐out action. This study investigates capacity design methods for box VBEs in SPSWs. Simplified fixed beam and portal frame models aim to estimate the pull‐out responses of the flange of the box sections with and without infill concrete, respectively. In this study, cyclic tests of three full‐scale two‐story SPSWs using box VBEs with or without the infill concrete are conducted. Inelastic pushover analyses of the finite element models are conducted. The tests and analytical results confirm that the proposed design methods, which aimed to prevent the full yield of the flange under the pull‐out action, are applicable. Furthermore, the test and analytical results suggest that the initial yielding of the flange of box VBEs under the collective effects of the pull‐out action on the flange, the gravity load, and the sway action on the SPSW represents a local yielding. A strict prohibition of the initial yielding on the flange under the aforementioned collective effects is not recommended for pursuing a cost‐effective design. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Failure simulation of shear‐critical RC columns with non‐ductile detailing under lateral load

Reinforced concrete columns with non‐ductile detailing typically exhibit a softening behavior characterized by severe degradation when subjected to cyclic lateral loads. Whether the response is brittle or ductile, shear failure occurs with an inclined through crack along which sliding occurs coupled with loss of horizontal and vertical load‐bearing capacity of the member. The rapid loss of resistance after the peak strength is reached is because of one or more of the following local failure mechanisms: brittle failure of poorly confined concrete; buckling of longitudinal reinforcing bars because of lack of adequate transverse reinforcement or following opening of stirrups after spalling of cover concrete; bond failure. In this study, a modeling strategy to build a detailed 3D finite element model capable of capturing all of the above‐mentioned local failure mechanisms is presented. In particular, a steel–concrete interface model for representing the interaction within the member between concrete core, cover and longitudinal and transverse reinforcement is proposed. Comparison with results of an experimental test of a shear‐sensitive column demonstrates the effectiveness of the simulation up to failure of the element. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Seismic fragilities of single-column highway bridges with rocking column-footing

Rocking isolation has been increasingly studied as a promising design concept to limit the earthquake damage of civil structures. Despite the difficulties and uncertainties of predicting the rocking response under individual earthquake excitations (due to negative rotational stiffness and complex impact energy loss), in a statistical sense, the seismic performance of rocking structures has been shown to be generally consistent with the experimental outcomes. To this end, this study assesses, in a probabilistic manner, the effectiveness of using rocking isolation as a retrofit strategy for single-column concrete box-girder highway bridges in California. Under earthquake excitation, the rocking bridge could experience multi-class responses (eg, full contacted or uplifting foundation) and multi-mode damage (eg, overturning, uplift impact, and column nonlinearity). A multi-step machine learning framework is developed to estimate the damage probability associated with each damage scenario. The framework consists of the dimensionally consistent generalized linear model for regression of seismic demand, the logistic regression for classification of distinct response classes, and the stepwise regression for feature selection of significant ground motion and structural parameters. Fragility curves are derived to predict the response class probabilities of rocking uplift and overturning, and the conditional damage probabilities such as column vibrational damage and rocking uplift impact damage. The fragility estimates of rocking bridges are compared with those for as-built bridges, indicating that rocking isolation is capable of reducing column damage potential. Additionally, there exists an optimal slenderness angle range that enables the studied bridges to experience much lower overturning tendencies and significantly reduced column damage probabilities at the same time.     

高强钢筋混凝土柱轴心受压承载力可靠度研究

课题组搜集186根高强钢筋混凝土轴压柱的试验数据,得到相关统计参数,选用JC法并利用MATLAB软件编制计算程序迭代求解高强钢筋混凝土柱轴压承载力可靠指标。分析不同荷载组合、钢筋强度、混凝土强度以及配筋率等参数对混凝土柱轴压承载力可靠指标的影响。研究结果表明:高强钢筋混凝土柱轴压承载力可靠指标随计算模式不确定性系数的增大而增大;随着荷载效应比的增大,可靠指标呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;可靠指标随钢筋强度的提高而减小,随混凝土强度提高而增大;随着配筋率的增大,可靠指标逐渐减小,高配筋率对轴压构件不利。     

2017年8月8日九寨沟7.0级地震长波辐射异常特征

通过距平方法,研究2017年8月8日九寨沟7.0级地震前震中所在区域（95.00°—110.00°E,25.00°—45.00°N）长波辐射时空演化特征,研究结果表明:①2017年7月,去除背景之后的长波辐射场在震区附近出现显著增强现象,增强区域基本走向与地质构造走向一致,其主体区域沿着巴颜喀拉块体南缘边界带,重要分支横跨巴颜喀拉块体,直接延伸至九寨沟7.0级地震震中;②紧邻九寨沟7.0级地震震中的4个格点在去除背景变化后的长波辐射时序曲线变化特征基本一致,即在2017年7月出现显著大于其他月份的现象。     

钢筋混凝土柱的破坏形态及变形能力研究

对钢筋混凝土（RC）柱在地震作用下的变形性能进行量化,本文从太平洋地震研究中心柱数据库中收集到123根RC柱抗震性能试验数据,提出基于参数剪跨比和弯剪比的RC柱破坏形态判别标准;在弯曲破坏、弯剪破坏、剪切破坏三种破坏形态下,研究了轴压比、剪跨比、配箍特征值等参数对位移角的显著性影响,通过回归分析归纳出三种破坏形态下屈服位移角和极限位移角的回归方程,回归系数显著性概率均小于0.05。结果表明:本文提出的RC柱破坏形态判别标准准确度高,适应性强;位移角线性回归方程具有合理性。     

FRP管约束活性粉末混凝土方柱抗震性能研究

为了探究纤维增强聚合物（fiber reinforced polymers,FRP）管约束活性粉末混凝土（reactive powder concrete,RPC）方柱在低周反复荷载作用下的抗震性能,利用有限元软件ABAQUS对FRP管约束RPC方柱进行了数值模拟,并对不同轴压比、配箍率和FRP管厚度条件下约束柱的抗震性能进行了分析。结果表明:采用有限元模型对FRP管约束RPC方柱进行模拟是可靠的,有限元模拟结果和试验结果吻合较好;轴压比为0.2~0.6时,峰值荷载随轴压比的增大而增大,轴压比为0.7时的峰值荷载较0.6时反而下降;配箍率、FRP管厚度的增加可以改善约束柱的抗震性能,延缓强度和刚度的退化;FRP管厚度为0.501mm时的约束效果最好。     

板柱结构中柱节点抗震性能的试验研究

通过5个板柱结构中柱节点的水平低周反复荷载试验,研究了中柱节点的延性、滞回特性、耗能能力和破坏形态。实验结果表明,水平荷载作用下中柱节点主要有弯曲破坏和冲切破坏2种破坏形态,板中钢筋的配筋率是影响节点破坏形态的主要因素之一,板柱结构中柱节点的抗震性能要比框架结构的梁柱节点差。     

Characteristic of the vertical seismic waves associated with the 1995 Hyogo‐ken Nanbu (Kobe), Japan earthquake estimated from the failure of the Daikai Underground Station

The dynamic behaviour of underground structures built by cut‐and‐cover methods is discussed. A simple model analysis shows that a column supporting the overburden at midspan (central column) can resonate upon incidence of an elastic wave of a specific frequency. The analytical results indicate that not only the size and material properties of the column, but also the static load acting on the column (overburden) is a decisive factor that influences the resonant frequency. Based on the results obtained by the analysis, the mechanism of the failure at the Daikai Underground Station in Kobe caused by the 1995 Hyogo‐ken Nanbu, Japan, earthquake is investigated. It is shown that the wave‐induced damage to underground structures can concentrate on the sections with specific overburden, and from the induced damage, it is possible to estimate the frequency characteristics of the associated seismic waves. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

云南会泽地区玄武粗安岩年代学、地球化学及构造演化

滇东北会泽地区发现峨眉山玄武岩中沿NNE向发育的玄武粗安岩,通过详细的野外地质调查、镜下岩相学分析、锆石U-Pb定年以及岩石地球化学测试等方法,研究了该玄武粗安岩形成年龄,地球化学特征及其指示的构造演化过程。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学确定玄武粗安岩形成的加权年龄为(251.6±4.2)Ma(MSWD=0.20),蚀变年龄分别为(143.5±1.9)Ma和(150.5±2.4)Ma。岩石地球化学主量、稀土和微量元素测试表明,玄武粗安岩的SiO_2含量在52.09%～54.10%,属于中基性火山岩;Mg~#介于19.88～40.86,在TAS图解上整体显示为碱性玄武岩粗安岩系列;稀土元素和微量元素特征显示出会泽玄武粗安岩来自交代的富集地幔源区,岩浆演化过程中发生了一定的单斜辉石、斜长石和磁铁矿的分离结晶作用。会泽玄武粗安岩是峨眉山玄武岩的一部分,推断其为峨眉山地幔柱活动消亡期的产物。