松辽盆地北部岩石热导率及其影响因素

本次研究采用瞬态平面源法对松辽盆地北部76个钻孔的263个岩心样品进行了岩石热导率测试。岩心的实测热导率集中在0.58~3.00 W/(m·K)之间, 平均为(1.77±0.64) W/(m·K); 泥岩、粉砂岩、砂岩、砾岩平均热导率分别为(1.30±0.39) W/(m·K)、(1.89±0.64) W/(m·K)、(1.91±0.37) W/(m·K)、(2.18±0.57) W/(m·K); 变质岩、火成岩平均热导率分别为(2.75±0.67) W/(m·K)、(2.70±0.45) W/(m·K)。碎屑岩和凝灰岩热导率整体上呈现出随着埋深和地层年龄的增加而增大的趋势, 而砾岩和变质岩变化趋势不明显。分析了压实成岩作用、砂岩的矿物含量和岩石的变质作用对岩石热导率造成的影响。通过饱水测量获得了原位热导率, 对岩心的原位导热系数进行了修正。最后建立了松辽盆地北部地层热导率柱, 可以为研究区的热流计算、深部地温场建模、盆地热史恢复等提供地层热导率约束。     

长江口悬沙沉速室内试验研究

在充分认识传统沉降筒缺陷的基础上提出了"大型可温控自动搅拌沉降试验筒"。通过室内系列试验发现:(1)含沙量对长江口细颗粒沉降速度影响最大;(2)温度上升,沉速增加,但不同阶段影响程度有所不同;(3)含沙量越高,盐度对沉速的影响越小,含沙量相同情况下,长江口北槽悬沙枯季水温下盐度对沉速的影响在1.8~5.7倍左右;洪季水温下盐度对沉速的影响在1.5~2.2倍左右。(4)枯季最佳絮凝盐度在7左右,最佳絮凝含沙量为7 kg/m3;洪季最佳絮凝盐度在10~12左右,最佳絮凝含沙量为4.5kg/m3。本研究成果可望加深我们对细颗粒泥沙动力过程相关机理的认识,同时可为相关港口、航道的淤积机理分析,数学模型、物理模型研究工作提供一定技术参考。     

Radiative forcing and temperature response of dust aerosols over East Asia in the latest decade

A regional climate model, RegCM3, coupled with an online dust module, is used to simulate the radiative forcing (RF) and temperature response of dust aerosols over East Asia in the latest decade (2000–2009). The simulation results show that the geographical and seasonal differences of dust aerosols distribution over East Asia are obvious. There exist two extremes of dust aerosols with column burden (CB) greater than 1,000 mg/m²; one is in the Taklimakan Desert of the Xinjiang Uigur Autonomous Region, China, and the other is in the Badain Jaran Desert of the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region, China. The maximum value of CB appears in spring, the secondary maximum in winter, and the minimum in autumn. The RF of dust aerosols has distribution characteristics similar to CB. The regional averaged RF over East Asia at the top of atmosphere (TOARF) is ?1.72 W/m² in spring and ?1.17 W/m² in autumn, and that at the surface (SURRF) is ?4.34 W/m² in spring and ?2.33 W/m² in autumn. The temperature at the surface is decreased by dust aerosols; the regional averaged temperature decrease over East Asia is 0.154 °C in spring and 0.085 °C in autumn. There are different impacts of dust aerosols on air temperature at different heights. The air temperature is decreased by dust aerosols in the lower troposphere, but the extent of the decrease diminishes with increasing height. The air temperature is in fact increased by dust aerosols at the height of 300–400 hPa in spring, which is greatly different from that in autumn.     

Returning home: migrant connections and visions for local development in rural Nepal

Migration to domestic and international destinations has become an emblematic feature of Nepal’s societal changes. Part of this development is education migration from rural to urban areas within the borders of Nepal, an often overlooked but increasingly important aspect of contemporary migration flows. By focusing on these educational migrants, this paper explores how they connect to their rural homes. Guided by a critical reading of the migration-development scholarship, the paper examines how migrants and their relatives make sense of educational migrants’ remitting and returning practices, and by comparing three groups of educational migrants, the migrants’ reasons for staying connected and sending remittances are scrutinized. The paper finds that although educational migrants do not generate extensive economic remittances for local development in Nepal, they stay connected to their rural homes and partake in important social remittance practices that represent a vision for impacting local development.     

三维极限平衡法通用形式的建立及应用

在满足边坡整体力平衡、力矩平衡以及边坡微条柱力平衡的条件下,提出了一个综合各种三维极限平衡法的通用形式,该通用形式包含3个表达式。通过这3个表达式利用已有方法的假定条件就可以得到原方法的表达形式,并将他们解析化,不仅大大降低了传统三维极限平衡法的计算工作量,还使得具体实现各种方法时,编程变得更方便,计算更简便,提高了计算效率。最后,通过经典算例,利用通用形式导出的各种方法的解析形式,分析了滑体宽度、滑面强度参数以及滑面剪切力方向对稳定系数的影响。结果表明,该通用形式是正确有效的。     

西山煤田古交矿区陷落柱特征及其导水性分析

在分析区域地质特征的基础上,对西山煤田古交矿区陷落柱的数量、形态特征及分布规律进行了总结。从陷落柱的发育特征出发,对其导水条件进行了研究,认为本区岩溶陷落柱是否突水,关键取决于其是否有导水的力学薄弱通道。研究表明,本区岩溶陷落柱柱体胶结致密,后期活化程度弱,距煤层较近的峰峰组含水层的富水性弱,而煤层与上马家沟组强含水层之间隔水层厚度大,因而,在正常块段开采中,岩溶陷落柱作为集中导水通道导致重大突水的可能性较小。     

四川绿水洞井田煤层稳定性探采对比及其影响因素探讨

绿水洞井田可采煤层为龙潭组一段的K1煤层,通过煤层稳定性探采对比及其影响因素的探讨,认为地质勘查阶段在确定煤层稳定性时,应当剔除因褶皱、断层和陷落柱等因素引起煤厚突变的地质点。通过大量地质资料分析了影响矿区煤层稳定性的因素,认为褶皱在侧压力及垂直压力作用下分别导致褶皱核部煤层增厚和变薄;正断层和逆断层分别导致其附近煤层变薄和增厚;陷落柱多使其附近煤层变薄。勘查阶段煤层稳定性的合理确定为煤矿合理布置采掘巷道和选择合理的采煤方法都具有一定的实际意义。     

钪（Ⅲ）的反相萃取柱色层新体系研究及应用

本文设计出钪（Ⅲ）的反相萃取柱色层新体系并加以应用。该新体系以聚四氟乙烯－７０１为载体，磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）为固定相，在１０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ￣（－１）盐酸中定量萃取层析钪（Ⅲ），用１０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ（－１）盐酸淋洗杂质元素，４ｍｏｌ·Ｌ（－１）盐酸解脱钪，经二甲酚橙光度法测定其回收率可达１００％。本法简便快速，选择性高，分离效果好，能用于岩石、矿物等物料中钪的定量分离、富集及测定。     

土壤对氟离子吸附与解吸的动态土柱法研究

用饱水动态土柱法对氟离子的吸附与解吸特征及其反应动力学特征进行了初步探讨。结果表明，氟离子的吸附与解吸特征可分别用Ｌａｎｇｍｉｕｒ模型和Ｆｒｅｎｄｌｉｃｈ模型来表征。而氟的吸附与解吸反应动力学均可用Ｅｌｏｖｉｃｈ方程来描述。吸附与解吸过程是一个由反应速率控制的不可逆过程。     

用太阳及天光光度计进行大气臭氧探测

在紫外光谱区，大气臭氧有较丰富的吸收带结构。作者用自制的太阳及天光光度计测量直射阳光、直射月光和曙暮光的紫外吸收光谱，并用带吸收法计算臭氧垂直柱总量及斜程含量。文中介绍了观测和计算方法，并给出北京地区晴朗天气条件下观测的初步结果。