半球形多向波聚合波道振荡水柱气室优化设计

为了解决振动水柱式波浪能转换装置收集多向波浪问题,本文设计了半球形多向聚合波道振荡水柱气室结构,以适合远海单点波浪能采集和发电。在规则波正向入射条件下,基于流体仿真分析软件(FLUENT)、流体动力学连续性假设和粘性不可压缩流体动量守恒的运动方程(Navier-Stokes方程)建立半球形振荡气室和三维数值波浪水槽模型。仿真结果表明:增设气室后壁,合理设计波道开口角度实现多向迎波捕获波浪能,优化前壁形状可降低波浪触底反射带来的能量耗散,同时提高了气室内空气压强和出气口速度,有效提升波浪能俘获效率,为后续发电的二次能量转换提供高效的空气动力。     

改进型中心管模型能量转换性能试验及样机设计

为了提高中心管振荡水柱波浪能利用技术能量转换效率,基于新的认识和目前常用的2.4米导航灯标,对中心管尾部设计了三种模型并在造波水槽中进行能量转换性能试验。试验结果表明:直管型中心管俘获宽度比最高达到了70.25%,但通频带宽度窄;加长喇叭口型中心管略好于喇叭口型中心管;在喷咀比为0.02条件下,加长喇叭口型中心管浮体有较高双峰俘获宽度比,波峰为40.0%,波谷为31.6%,通频带宽,为随机波下高效转换创造了条件。最高俘获宽度比和双峰通频带特性实验数据结果都优于历史文献值。根据试验数据对一些适合小型海洋仪器供电的样机进行了设计,设计的样机具有较高的性价比。     

新型多立柱式Spar平台涡激运动特性研究

通过数值模拟和模型试验方法对一新型的Spar平台——多立柱式Spar平台的涡激运动特性进行研究。平台硬舱为四根圆柱方形阵列布置加方形中心井的形式,各柱间会产生复杂的相互干扰,不同于常规的单立柱Spar平台或半潜式平台,因此对其开展相应的涡激运动研究具有重要意义。研究主要关注的是不同来流角、不同流速下平台的涡激运动特性。通过涡激运动时的横荡运动、水平面内运动轨迹、首摇运动和水动力系数及绕流流场的分析,可得:在折合速度约为6~8范围内,平台横荡运动存在明显的“锁定”现象(0°来流角无侧板时“锁定”范围约为Ur=7~10)。在0°来流角下较高流速时,减涡侧板对涡激运动有明显的抑制效果。平台的运动轨迹近似与平台硬舱截面的对角线平行(0°来流角除外),这不同于常规的单立柱Spar平台。此外,试验中还观察到较明显的首摇运动。涡激运动时各柱间绕流存在复杂的相互干扰,而在柱后形成共同的涡结构。     

Reduction of hydroelastic responses of a very-long floating structure by a floating oscillating-water-column breakwater system

The hydroelastic responses of a very-long floating structure (VLFS) placed behind a reverse T-shape freely floating breakwater with a built-in oscillating water column (OWC) chamber are analyzed in two dimensions. The Bernoulli–Euler beam equation is coupled with the equations of rigid and elastic motions of the breakwater and the VLFS. The interaction of waves between the floating rigid breakwater and the elastic VLFS is formulated in a consistent manner. It has been shown numerically that the structural deflections of the VLFS can be reduced significantly by a suitably designed reverse T-shape floating breakwater.     

Experimental and numerical investigations on the intact and damage survivability of a floating–moored oscillating water column device

This paper investigates the intact and damage survivability of a floating–moored Oscillating Water Column (OWC) device using physical model experiments and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Different extreme wave conditions have been tested using irregular and regular wave conditions. The device was moored to the tank floor via four vertical taut lines and the effect of the mooring line pre–tension on the device response was studied. It was found that the instantaneous position of the floating device was a key factor in the survivability analysis such that a certain irregular wave train that might not include the largest wave could induce the maximum response. Reducing the pre–tension minimized the maximum surge, but significantly increased the maximum tension due to mooring slack events causing snatch loads. A design regular wave with a period equal to the peak period and a height of 1.9–2.0 times the significant wave height could reasonably predict the same maximum line tension as the irregular sea state, but a smaller wave height was required to achieve the maximum surge. A single failure in the mooring system increased the maximum tension by 1.55 times the intact tension. For a damaged mooring system, using the same design regular wave condition derived from the survivability analysis with an intact mooring system could result in overestimating the maximum tension by more than 20% in comparison to the tension from the irregular sea state, but a smaller regular wave height or a different regular wave condition representing another sea state could lead to the same maximum tension. This highlighted the importance of investigating survival conditions with a damaged mooring system instead of simply using the same conditions derived for the intact mooring system.     

Seismic fracture evaluation of diaphragm joints in welded beam-to-box column moment connections

Steel box columns are widely used in steel building structures in Taiwan due to their dual strong axes. To transfer the beam-end moment to the column, diaphragm plates of the same thickness and elevations as the beam flanges are usually welded inside the box column. The electro-slag welding (ESW) process is widely used to connect the diaphragms to the column flanges in Taiwan because of its convenience and efficiency. However, ESW may increase the hardness of the welds and heat-affected zones (HAZs), while reducing the Charpy-V notch strength in the HAZ. This situation can cause premature fracture of the diaphragm-to-column flange welds before a large plastic rotation is developed in the beam-to-box column joints. To quantify the critical eccentricity and the effectiveness of fracture prediction, this study uses fracture prediction models and finite element model (FEM) analysis to correlate the test results. In this study, two beam-to-box column connection subassembly tests are conducted with different loading protocols and ESW chamber shapes. To implement a fracture prediction model, the material parameters are established from circumferential notched tensile tests and FEM analysis. Test results indicate that the fracture instances can be predicted on the basis of the cumulative plastic deformation in the HAZs. Analytical results indicate that fracture instances and locations are sensitive to the relative locations of the ESW joints and beam flange. Tests also confirm that the possible fracture of the diaphragm-to-column flange joints can be mitigated by enlarging the chamber of the ESW joint.     

Effects of Column Diameter on Setting Behavior of Dredged Slurry in Sedimentation Experiments

This article investigates the influence of dimensions of a settling column on the settling mode and the settling rate. End conditions of the settling stage in the hindered settling were also analyzed. It was found that the settling mode in a column with a smaller diameter tends to be consolidation settling. The effect of a settling column wall decreases with increasing column diameter, and it can be ignored provided the column diameter is larger than 14.5 centimeters. For the difference in initial water content, the settling behavior of the slurry develops a different sensitivity to the diameter effect. The influence of column diameter reduces as the initial water content of the slurry becomes higher. It is suggested that the internal diameter of the column used in a sedimentation experiment should be 14.5 centimeters.     

湖泊水体微生物四醚膜脂化合物研究进展

来源于微生物膜脂的甘油二烷基甘油四醚类(GDGTs)化合物是近年来被广泛用于古环境定量重建研究的化合物之一,究其原因在于此类化合物对环境响应敏感,特别是温度与pH值等,据此而建立的一系列GDGTs指标有效定量重建海洋、湖泊、泥炭以及土壤等不同沉积载体的环境信息.目前已在全球范围广泛开展湖泊沉积物GDGTs的研究工作,相继建立的全球以及不同区域尺度的湖泊沉积物GDGTs校正方程,已被用于湖泊古环境的定量重建研究,有效记载古湖泊环境变迁信息.相较之下,基于湖泊水体GDGTs的调查工作则起步较晚,但越来越多的研究显示,不同类型湖泊水体普遍贡献GDGTs,然而究竟此类水生来源GDGTs是否与陆源以及湖泊沉积物GDGTs具有类似的分布,以及他们对环境因素的响应如何,这都为湖泊古温度定量重建研究带来不确定性.基于此,本文总结这10年来湖泊水体GDGTs研究工作的进展,首先阐述湖泊水体不同来源(古菌以及细菌)GDGTs的分布情况,研究发现水体不同层位GDGTs浓度以及各组分之间存在差异,并且水深在不同湖泊对GDGTs浓度以及各组分相对比例的影响存在差异.此外还总结湖泊水体中古菌来源isoGDGTs以及细菌来源brGDGTs的生物来源,并进一步分析环境因素对不同深度水体GDGTs分布的影响,虽然温度依然是影响水体中GDGTs分布的首要因素之一,然而湖泊水深、温度以及水体中溶解氧浓度等因素存在着一定的耦合关系,这些因素往往协同作用于水体GDGTs,因此会为评估环境因素对水体GDGTs的影响带来难度.     

Identification and occurrence of novel C36–C54 3,4-dialkylthiophenes with an unusual carbon skeleton in immature sediments

A series of novel long-chain 3,4-dialkylthiophenes (C₃₆–C₅₄) was identified in a number of sediments ranging from Pleistocene to Cretaceous. The identifications were based on mass spectral characterisation, desulphurisation and mass spectral data of synthesised model compounds. These organic sulphur compounds are probably formed by sulphur incorporation into mid-chain dimethylalkadienes with two methylenic double bonds. These putative precursor lipids are unprecedented and may be considered rather unusual. The distribution of 3,4-dialkylthiophenes in sediments varies considerably with the depositional palaeoenvironment, indicating that these compounds have a potential as molecular markers reflecting changes in palaeoenvironment.     

长平井田三维勘探精细构造解释

山西沁水盆地是一个构造残留型的富煤盆地,是我国最大的煤层气田。长平井田位于沁水盆地南部,是煤层气成藏的有利区域,且该区域煤层气的形成及分布以构造成因为主要因素。在三维地震勘探偏移数据体的基础上,对研究区域的速度进行标定,对层位、断层、陷落柱以及褶曲进行精细解释,获得该区域精细构造特征描述。与原二维构造特征对比发现：三维地震构造特征中的煤系地层走向和埋深与原二维构造特征基本一致;三维地震构造特征反映出沿走向上发育的多个短轴状展布小幅褶曲,新增断层19条和新增陷落柱24个;查明原二维构造特征与三维构造特征中不一致的一条断层和陷落柱的位置,获得对地下煤层精确的成像解释。通过该区测井资料验证,三维地震构造特征符合地下实际情况,验证了三维精细构造解释的准确性。