中国癌症与土壤环境中Er元素的关系

利用土壤环境中铒元素资料７６６个数据,癌死亡调查资料７８７ ０８０例,研究了胃癌 食管癌、肝癌、宫颈癌、肺癌、大肠癌、白血病、鼻咽癌、乳腺癌死亡率与人群生存区土壤环境中铒元素的关系。结果表明,仅癌死亡率与铒元素有相关性,等级相关系数为－０．５０６９（Ｐ〈０．００５）。     

中国癌症与土壤环境中硼元素的关系

研究了各种癌症死亡率与人群生存区土壤环境中硼元素的关系,结果表明,仅宫颈癌死亡率与硼元素有相关性,等级相关系数为－０．３１２５（Ｐ〈０．０５）。     

肝癌与地形地貌类型关系初探

文章利用地形地貌资料４５０２个数据，肝癌死亡调查资料８３４３例，研究了肝癌死亡率与人群生存的地形地貌类型的相关性。在此基础上综合评价了与肝癌有相关性的地形地貌类型对肝癌产生和发展的影响     

Racial/ethnic,area socioeconomic,and geographic disparities of cervical cancer survival in Texas

A better understanding about the factors associated with cervical cancer survival disparities is an important step in developing more effective cervical cancer intervention strategies. This study investigates cervical cancer survival disparities from three different perspectives based on data from the Texas Cancer Registry from 1995 to 2005. These perspectives are race/ethnicity, area socioeconomic status (SES), and geographic locations. We examined the role of both individual- and contextual-level factors in cervical cancer survival disparities using a multilevel survival analysis. Individual-level factors included race/ethnicity, age at diagnosis, year of diagnosis, tumor grade, stage at diagnosis, and type of treatment received. Contextual-level factors are census-tract-level variables, including demographic characteristics, health insurance expenditure, behavioral factors, extent of urbanization, and spatial access to primary care physicians. This study reveals that African-Americans had a higher mortality risk (HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03–1.38) especially if stage was unknown (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.08–2.75) compared with non-Hispanic whites. Among women diagnosed at regional or distant stage, Hispanics had a survival advantage over their non-Hispanic white counterparts (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.69–0.94). We also identified geographic areas where longer-than-expected or shorter-than-expected cervical cancer survival was statistically significant. Only a small portion of these disparities were explained by individual- and contextual-level factors. This study suggests that Race/Ethnicity, SES, and geography are associated with cervical cancer survival in Texas.     

河南省肺癌空间分布格局及环境因素影响

肺癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,也是主要的肿瘤死因,河南省肺癌发病率和死亡率常年居恶性肿瘤首位,研究肺癌的空间分布格局及其与环境因子的关系对肺癌的相关防控工作意义重大。本文以2016—2018年河南省肺癌发病数据为研究对象,使用空间自相关分析方法研究河南省肺癌的空间分布格局,基于地理探测器量化各个环境因子及其两两交互作用对肺癌发病率的解释力。结果表明：空间上肺癌具有明显的集聚特征,高发区集中分布于豫中、豫东和豫南的平原和盆地地区。在所选的12种环境因子中,PM_2.5浓度、O₃浓度、年均风速、采矿业从业人员占比、人均GDP具有更高的决定力,人均GDP和医护人员占比则对多种要素的决定力均具有明显的非线性增强的作用。研究结果可以为河南省肺癌发病机理研究和相关防治工作提供科学支撑。     

Late-Stage Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Health Care Access in Illinois∗

The variations of breast cancer mortality rates from place to place reflect both underlying differences in breast cancer prevalence and differences in diagnosis and treatment that affect the risk of death. This article examines the role of access to health care in explaining the variation of late-stage diagnosis of breast cancer. We use cancer registry data for the state of Illinois by zip code to investigate spatial variation in late diagnosis. Geographic information systems and spatial analysis methods are used to create detailed measures of spatial access to health care such as convenience of visiting primary care physicians and travel time from the nearest mammography facility. The effects of spatial access, in combination with the influences of socioeconomic factors, on late-stage breast cancer diagnosis are assessed using statistical methods. The results suggest that for breast cancer, poor geographical access to primary health care significantly increases the risk of late diagnosis for persons living outside the city of Chicago. Disadvantaged population groups including those with low income and racial and ethnic minorities tend to experience high rates of late diagnosis. In Illinois, poor spatial access to primary health care is more strongly associated with late diagnosis than is spatial access to mammography. This suggests the importance of primary care physicians as gatekeepers in early breast cancer detection.     

表现局灶性磨玻璃密度肺癌的CT诊断与随访分析

目的:分析局灶性磨玻璃密度(f GGO)肺癌的CT表现,以提高诊断早期肺癌的准确率。方法:搜集经手术病理证实的、临床及CT资料完整的、表现为磨玻璃密度的肺癌病例34例,作回顾性分析,观察病灶大小、形态、边缘、密度及其他肺癌倾向征象,以及病灶在随访过程中的影像学变化。结果:34例患者中p GGO 7例,m GGO 27例,瘤肺界面清晰,病灶边缘可见分叶、毛刺,病灶内部可见空泡、支气管充气征,病灶周围可见胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征等。f GGO在随访过程中,病灶增大,密度增高,p GGO病灶内部出现实性成分,m GGO病灶内实性成分增多,病灶边缘出现分叶、毛刺,周围出现胸膜凹陷征、血管集束征等恶性征象。结论:f GGO肺癌的CT表现具有一定的特征性,CT随访对f GGO的良恶性鉴别具有较高的价值。      

人体卵巢癌中砂粒体矿化的矿物学研究

以卵巢浆液性癌中砂粒体矿化为研究对象,采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及其能谱、X射线粉晶衍射、傅立叶变换红外光谱和高分辨透射电子显微镜,对原位和分离处理样品的表面形貌、结构和矿物成分进行了观察测试.结果表明,卵巢浆液性癌中砂粒体具同心层状结构,矿化物质由纳米尺寸水草酸钙石和碳羟磷灰石两种物相组成,前者沉积在砂粒体内部,结晶度相对较高,后者沉积在砂粒体外层,结晶度差.     

肺结核好发部位上肺癌与结核瘤的CT影像研究

目的：探讨肺结核好发部位上周围型肺癌与结核瘤的CT征象及鉴别诊断依据。方法：搜集近6年来有结节或肿块发生在肺结核好发部位的陈旧性肺结核患者134例,其中合并周围型肺癌80例,继发结核瘤54例,所有病例均有完整CT影像资料,并均经病理证实。将周围型肺癌病例定为Ⅰ组,结核瘤病例定为Ⅱ组。再分别将结节或肿块与陈旧性肺结核灶不在同一肺段而孤立存在的,定为Ⅰa组（49例）和Ⅱa组（39例）;两者在同一肺段上混合存在的,定为Ⅰb组（31例）和Ⅱb组（15例）。回顾性分析各组的CT征象,对Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组数据组间及组内CT征象分别进行χ2检验并分析。结果：Ⅰ组患者中腺癌比例最高（61/80）。Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组病灶发生部位比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。Ⅰa组与Ⅱa组对比,病灶大小≥3 cm、密度不均匀、空泡征、浅分叶征,强化≥20 Hu及不均匀强化以Ⅰa组多见（P〈0.05）;密度均匀、钙化、边缘清楚、强化〈20 Hu及环形强化以Ⅱa组多见（P〈0.05）。Ⅰb组与Ⅱb组对比,病灶大小≥3 cm、密度不均匀、强化≥20 Hu、不均匀强化及合并肺气肿以Ⅰb组多见（P〈0.05）;密度均匀及强化〈20 Hu以Ⅱb组多见（P〈0.05）。Ⅰa组与Ⅰb组对比,空洞及强化〈20 Hu以Ⅰa组多见（P〈0.05）;钙化、强化≥20 Hu、不均匀强化及合并肺气肿以Ⅰb组多见（P〈0.05）;Ⅱa组与Ⅱb组CT征象对比差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：陈旧性肺结核患者合并周围型肺癌与继发结核瘤CT征象多有重叠,对各种CT征象综合分析是鉴别诊断的重要依据。     

磁共振弥散加权成像在直肠癌淋巴结转移评估中的价值综述

随着生活水平的提高,直肠癌在我国的发病率明显提高[1],随之而来的是对诊疗水平要求的提升。据国内外多项研究表明,直肠癌患者是否伴淋巴结转移,是否进行术前辅助放化疗、手术方式及范围的选择,是否进行术后放疗,局部复发率以及远端转移率等密切相关,是一项重要的影响预后的因素[2]。而常规的成像方式对淋巴结状态的评估差强人意[3]。目前磁共振成像在直肠癌的淋巴结状态判断方面日益受到重视。本文就其在直肠癌淋巴结转移中应用及展望进行综述。