羧甲基壳聚糖对肿瘤生长的影响研究

研究评价了不同分子量及不同取代度的3种羧甲基壳聚糖(CM-CTS)对肿瘤生长的影响。用MTT比色法测定3种CM-CTS对人正常肝细胞L02及3株肿瘤细胞:Bel-7402、SGC-7901及Hela生长的影响;ELISA方法检测3种CM-CTS对2种肝细胞L02及Bel-7402分泌TGF-α及VEGF水平的影响;建立小鼠移植性肿瘤Heps模型,腹腔注射分子量最大的CM-Ⅰ,研究CM-CTS的抑瘤作用。研究结果表明,分子量及取代度不同的3种CM-CTS在0.05~0.8 mg/mL浓度范围内,对L02细胞增殖具有显著促进作用,对Bel-7402、SGC-7901及Hela细胞的增殖则具有一定的抑制作用;3种CM-CTS能提高L02细胞TGF-α分泌水平,抑制Bel-7402细胞分泌TGF-α及VEGF水平;在动物水平上,CM-CTS能抑制小鼠Heps肿瘤生长,且量效关系显著。说明不同分子量及取代度的3种羧甲基壳聚糖对肿瘤生长具一定的抑制作用。     

Modelling and predicting the spatial dispersion of skin cancer considering environmental and socio-economic factors using a digital earth approach

ABSTRACT

Almost all causative factors of diseases depend on location. The Digital Earth approach is suitable for studying diseases globally. Geospatial information systems integrated with statistical models can be used to model the relationship between a disease and its causative factors. Through modelling, the most important causative factors can be extracted and the epidemiology of the disease can be observed. In this paper, skin cancer (the most common type of cancer) has been modelled based on its causative factors, including climate factors, people's occupations, nutrition habits, socio-economic factors, and usage of chemical fertiliser. To fit the model, a data framework was first designed, and then data were gathered and processed. Finally, the disease was modelled using Generalised Linear Models (GLM), a statistical model based on the location of the factors. The results of this study identify the most important causative factors together with their relative priority. Furthermore, a model was used to predict the change in skin cancer occurrences caused by a change in one of its causative factors. This work illustrates the ability of the model to predict disease occurrence. Thus, by using this Digital Earth approach, skincancer can be studied in all the key countries around the world.     

鞘内注射ERK1/2抑制剂对骨癌痛大鼠的镇痛作用研究

目的 研究鞘内注射细胞外调节蛋白激酶（ERK1/2）抑制剂（SCH772984）对骨癌痛Sprague-Dawley（SD）大鼠疼痛行为学及脊髓背角Fos蛋白表达的影响,探讨ERK-P90RSK-Fos信号通路在骨癌痛中的作用。方法 取鞘内置管后5天的雌性SD大鼠40只,随机分成5组（n=8）,包括Sham假手术组和BNP模型组（分别为对照组,SCH772984给药组SCH 0.1组,SCH 1组,SCH 10组）。在造模后第9天,Sham组不给药,BNP模型组鞘内分别给5% DMSO 10μl、SCH772984抑制剂 0.1、1.0、10μg（SCH772984抑制剂溶于10μl 5%的DMSO中）。测定造模前1天、造模后3、6、9、12、15、18天以及给药后1、3、6、9、12、18、24h的机械缩足阈值（MWT）、热缩足潜伏期（PWL）以及2min自发缩足次数。取鞘内置管后5天的SD大鼠40只,随机分为5组（n=8）,其中B1、B2、B3组在造模后第9天,鞘内注射SCH772984抑制剂10μg后分别于1、9、24h取材,M组为模型对照组,鞘内注射5% DMSO后9h取材,S组为空白对照组。通过免疫印迹（Western blot）法及免疫荧光测定脊髓背角p-ERK、p-p90RSK以及Fos蛋白表达情况。结果 鞘内注射ERK1/2抑制剂（SCH772984）对骨癌痛大鼠有镇痛作用,并且该效应随着剂量的增加而增大;鞘内注射ERK1/2抑制剂（SCH772984）10μg可明显减少脊髓背角Fos蛋白的表达。结论 ERK-p90RSK-Fos通路可能影响骨癌痛。     

The schoolroom asbestos abatement program: a public policy debacle

It is estimated that nearly $100 billion has been spent on removal of asbestos-bearing materials from schoolrooms, public and commercial buildings, and homes. This removal continues to this day despite the publication of an advisory document in 1990 by the US Environmental Protection Agency that states most removal is unnecessary and is even counterproductive both in terms health protection and costs. Concern over low exposure to substances that are designated as carcinogens is based on the false concept that even the smallest exposure to such substances can increase cancer risk. The expression one molecule of a chemical or one asbestos fiber can possibly produce a tumor is repeated over and over until it is accepted as a truth. Over 1400 air samples taken in 219 North American school buildings show the average fiber level to be 0.00022 fibers per milliliter of air. Using the most pessimistic models and attendance in the school for 6 h a day, five days a week, for 14 years, the calculated risk is one excess cancer death per million lifetimes. In contrast, the risk of dying from a lightning strike is 35 deaths per million lifetimes. Ambient air asbestos concentrations measured in the chrysotile asbestos mining towns of Quebec are 220 to 2200 times greater than that measured in the average schoolroom, yet the women living their entire lives in these towns show no increased cancer risk. The asbestos abatement program in the United States is a public policy debacle.     

用电镜观察气功外气效应──体外培养的人体子宫颈癌细胞经气功外气施功的效应

结合细胞培养技术，用电子显微镜，从细胞生物学的角度研究了气功效应。对体外培养的ＨｅＬａ细胞经气功外气施功后的生物效应作了仔细的超微结构观察。     

广东省顺德肝癌多发区病因探讨

根据顺德肝癌病多发区与周边正常区土壤、水地球化学特征对比,结合病区人文景观探讨顺德肝癌病因,分析认为病区水中NH₄⁺, NO₂^-, NO₃-的显著异常(高含量)是主要病因。     

Investigation of esophageal cancer with medical geology aspect in Golestan Province, lran

Background ＆ objective： Medical geology is a discipline of environmental health dealing with the impacts of geological relationship between loess deposits and certain endemic diseases such as esophagus cancer. This article deals with loess deposits with medical geology aspect toward diagnosis and prognosis. Materials ＆ Methods： In this study sampling from loess deposits from East towards West has been done. Collected samples have been undergone X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and Energy dispersive X-ray analysis （EDAX） for determination of minerals, surface morphology of minerals and chemical analysis for further studies, respectively. Results： In mineralogical studies dominated minerals are quartz, feldspar and calcite. Clay minerals are illite and chlorite, which are about 9.3%. The amount of quartz is variable from 56.3 to 45.4. The grains sizes are decreasing from northeast to southwest. Chemical analysis showed that loess deposits contain Si, Al, K and Ca, which are related to the presence of quartz, feldspar, calcite, illite and chlorite minerals. Conclusions： According to medical geology evidence, loess deposits of Gloestan Province could be closely related to the incidence of esophagus cancer due to effect of clay minerals on biochemical cycle, direct relation of grain size with the incidence of esophagus cancer and chemical composition of loess deposit for its high silica are also taken into consideration. As the esophagus cancer belt coincides with the loess deposits belt of the world.     

A perusal on the correlation of pesticide application on tobacco growing in the districts of NWFP-Pakistan and cancers incidence

Tobacco is an important cash crop in Pakistan. It is a sensitive plant prone to many bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases. It is also attacked by several species of worms, beetles and moths. Therefore high levels of pesticides are used to grow tobacco. The obvious benefits from the use of the pesticides are so spectacular that some of the problems associated with their use are not recognized. However, many of these pesticides are highly toxic and have impacts on tobacco workers, especially occupational exposures, which are the direct victims of pesticides poisoning. The victims include many children, pregnant women and elders who all participate in tobacco production. Pesticides either cause or exacerbate a number of illnesses in farmers and farm workers when they are exposed to them. So, occupational exposure is probably one of the most important impacts on tobacco farmers, since they and their families are exposed constantly to a large amount of pesticides. This exposure can lead to many serious problems. No study has been done to identify the effects of tobacco pesticides on human health especially on farmers health in Pakistan. The objective of this paper is to establish a correlation of pesticides application on tobacco crop with cancer incidence in the tobacco growing districts of NWFP- Pakistan.     

基于数据挖掘探析经方治疗晚期肺癌的辨治规律

目的：探讨经方治疗晚期肺癌的辨治规律及处方用药。方法：收集中国知网（CNKI）中运用经方治疗晚期肺癌的病案,通过Medcase V5.2仓公诊籍国医脉案数据记录挖掘系统,运用频数分析与关联规则分析,从临床症状、舌象、脉象、病机、处方用药等多方面对经方治疗晚期肺癌的病案进行数据挖掘。结果：晚期肺癌的主要临床表现有咳嗽、疲倦乏力、食欲不振、胸闷、易醒、入睡困难等;频数较高的舌象有舌质暗红、舌质红、舌质淡红、舌质淡、苔薄白、苔黄腻;频数较高的脉象有细、弦、滑、沉、数、弱;病机主要为癌毒郁肺、肺脾气虚、肺失宣肃、肝郁化火、痰热壅肺、水饮停肺;常用药物有茯苓、法半夏、炙甘草、大枣、桂枝、柴胡等;通过关联规则分析,得到30组关联症状、28组关联病机、30组病机与临床症状关联。结论：应用数据挖掘法能够反映经方治疗晚期肺癌的辨治规律,具有一定的临床指导意义。     

HRCT及螺旋CT增强扫描在周围型小肺癌诊断中的价值

目的:探讨HRCT及螺旋CT增强扫描在周围型小肺癌诊断中的价值。方法:搜集经手术或穿刺病理证实的周围型小肺癌(直径≤3cm)46例,全部行HRCT扫描,分析其各种CT征象。25例行螺旋CT增强扫描,对病灶强化前后CT值增幅特点进行分析。结果:HRCT表现:①分叶征(91.3%);②毛刺征(87%);③胸膜凹陷征(78.3%);④血管集束征(54.3%);⑤空气支气管征及空泡征(34.8%);⑥棘状突起(32.6%);⑦磨玻璃样密度(10.9%);⑧钙化(8.7%)。强化前后CT值增幅20~30HU占16%,30~65HU占76%,>65HU占8%。结论 :HRCT及螺旋CT增强扫描是周围型小肺癌诊断中重要的检查手段。同时具备3个及其以上CT征象,尤其是前5个征象中2个以上即可确诊,其正确率为91.3%。强化前后CT值增幅在20~65HU之间,对于肺癌诊断更加可靠,正确率达92%。