六盘山东西两侧第四纪以来构造差异隆升速率递变性

河流阶地作为第四纪以来较新的沉积地貌单元,在研究区域构造隆升和区域断裂活动性方面扮演重要角色.本文利用前人对六盘山东西两侧黄河、渭河及泾河地区阶地研究成果,借用古地磁及14C等方法测定阶地形成年龄和实测阶地拔河高度已有数据,引进构造差异隆升速率(△UT)参数来反映区域构造隆升强弱.通过对兰州黄河阶地、陇西渭河阶地与泾河阶地的构造差异隆升速率对比研究表明,第四纪以来,兰州黄河阶地与泾河阶地4个期次平均构造差异隆升速率(△UT)分别为76.87mm/ka、42.88mm/ka、421.06mm/ka和1050mm/ka;平均值为397.70mm/ka;陇西渭河阶地与泾河阶地3个期次内(△UT)分别为177.37 mm/ka、171.83 mm/ka和168.27mm/ka;平均值为172.49mm/ka.说明六盘山西侧总体活动性要强于六盘山东侧,同时六盘山构造带北段较南段活动性强,并有逐渐增强趋势.其主要原因可能是六盘山西侧区域系列NWW、NNW活动构造发育对应力的转换和吸收占据重要位置,而六盘山东侧依附于较稳定的鄂尔多斯地块,对区域应力的转换和吸收不明显.     

Glacial activity and paraglacial landsliding in the Devensian Lateglacial: evidence from Craig Cerrig-gleisiad and Fan Dringarth,Fforest Fawr (Brecon Beacons), South Wales

The tongue-shaped mass of debris and associated ridges on the cirque floor below Craig Cerrig-gleisiad, Brecon Beacons National Park is important and controversial because it has been attributed to more than one glacier advance during the Late Devensian. A new origin is proposed involving landslide development from the collapse of part of the western headwall followed by a single phase of glacier development in the Loch Lomond Stadial (Younger Dryas), which reworked the landslide sediments. Evidence for this landslide, which provides useful criteria for differentiating moraines formed by small glaciers from landslides, lies in tension cracks, backward-tilted blocks and bedrock joints dipping out of the western headwall, together with lateral levées, upstanding termini and angular clasts with only occasional, indistinct striae on the tongue-shaped mass, which is interpreted as a flowslide. Glacier reworking of debris in the upper part of the Cwm Cerrig-gleisiad landslide is indicated by subparallel ridges rising to 20 m above the cirque floor containing abraded clasts (16-32% striated). This interpretation is supported by a comparison with the morphological and sedimentary characteristics of a neighbouring landslide at Fan Dringarth, where no glacier developed in the Loch Lomond Stadial. The existence of paraglacial landsliding has significant palaeoenvironmental implications leading to: (1) erroneously large estimates of equilibrium line depression ($Δ$ELA) in the Loch Lomond Stadial; (2) consequent underestimates of summer palaeotemperatures and/or overestimates of the contribution of wind-drifted snow to glacier accumulation; and (3) larger moraines than usual and overestimation of the efficacy of glacial erosion because of antecedent processes.