中国海洋溢油污染现状及其生态影响研究

分析了中国近海溢油污染的现状、污染加剧的背景和原因,着重探讨了海洋溢油污染的生态危害,并提出了防治方法与对策.     

珠江口水域浮游生态系统中磷的循环及其效应评估

根据现场调查和室内试验工作, 计算珠江口水域浮游植物有效光合作用水体体积, 同时研究浮游动物摄食行为对磷再生的补偿作用, 进而对该水域磷的生物利用状况进行初步评估。分析珠江口2002—2003年的数据发现, 珠江口水域浮游植物有效进行光合作用水体的体积存在季节性变化, 枯水期约为9.7×104m3, 而丰水期约为6.6×104m3。该水域总初级生产量在枯水期约为36kg.d-1, 在丰水期约为31kg.d-1, 呈现枯水期大于丰水期的特点。浮游动物的摄食作用可促进水体中磷的再生, 这部分磷可满足浮游植物生长对磷需求的1.5%—15.6%, 并呈现丰水期大于枯水期的特点。浮游动物摄食作用直接释放的量远大于其自身生理周转释放的量。     

海岸带综合管理的核心目的及有关技术的应用

海岸带是一个自然资源丰富、人口众多、环境问题复杂且动态变化的特殊地区，现在正面临着越来越大的资源和环境压力。为了减少海岸带地区资源的浪费、环境的破坏和生态的恶化，实现海岸带的持续利用，必须加强对海岸带的综合管理。本文认为海岸带综合管理的核心目的就是实现海岸带的可持续发展。文章同时还介绍了RS、GIS技术和“数字海岸”技术在海岸带综合管理中的应用。     

南沙群岛海域风场特征--卫星散射计观测资料分析

通过对欧空局提供的ERS卫星微波散射计风场资料的再分析，研究了南沙群岛海域的风场特征，主要包括南沙群岛海域的东北季风和西南季风随纬度的变化以及一年中根据风应力特征划分的4个时期的风应力与风应力旋度的分布特征。     

台湾北部近岸海域春末浮游动物的组成及分布特征

本研究于2003年5月5日至6日对台湾北部近岸海域，具有地区特征的5个测站进行浮游动物数量、组成等调查研究．结果共发现22大类浮游动物，桡足类为此次调查的主要优势大类，约占总浮游动物个体数量的42．57％，其次为桡足幼体(copepodids)。占27．38％，两者在各测站的出现率皆高达100％．根据浮游动物丰度比较、群聚分析与水文状况，可将东北3个测站与西北2个测站分为两个不同的群落．其中，西北部测站可能因沿岸溪流大量有机物的注入，有利浮游动物增生，因此丰度较高，但5个测站的浮游动物多样性皆不高，与台湾其它沿岸海域研究结果相似．     

有机污染物在不同沿海沉积环境中积累的差异性

以浙江沿海水域为研究区域,在系统地测定水体与沉积物中有机污染物种类的基础上,研究了表层沉积物中有机污染物的积累与沉积环境、沉积物矿物组成和排放环境因素之间的相互关系.结果显示,沿海水体和表层沉积物中主要存在的有机污染物有石油烷烃类化合物、邻苯二甲酸酯化合物、有机硅氧链类化合物、氯代苯酚类、苯醚类和胺类化合物等6大类,它们在表层沉积物中的积累强度呈现出河口大于沿岸大于强潮汐河沉积环境的趋势,但在相同沉积环境的沉积物中有机污染物的积累强度存在一定的差异,这说明有机污染物在沿海沉积物中的积累除与沉积环境有关外,还与区域有机污染物的排放特点有关.     

Overall-effective Measures for Sustainable Water Resources Management in the Coastal Areas of Shandong Province, China ——Case Study： the Huangshuihe River Catchment of Longkou City

In the coastal catchments of Shandong Province the water scarcity is aggravated due to saltwater intrusion, reducing the usability of water resources available. Such a situation calls for sustainable integrated water resources management （IWRM）. The idea for the objectives and implementation of the IWRM are explained in this paper. The general objective of the planned project disscussed in the present study is to bring together German traditional expertise in water resources management and newer developments in the context of the European Water Framework Directive; the research efforts aim to relieve the desperate water scarcity situation in the costal area of Shandong Province.     

Development of a High-Resolution Coastal Circulation Model for the Ocean Observatory in Lunenburg Bay

An advanced ocean observatory has been established in Lunenburg Bay of Nova Scotia, Canada as part of an interdisciplinary research project of marine environmental prediction. The development of a high-resolution coastal circulation model is one of important components of the observatory. The model horizontal resolution is 60m and the vertical resolution is about 1 m. The coastal circulation model is used to simulate the semi-diurnal tidal circulation and associated nonlinear dynamics with the M2 forcing specified at the model open boundaries. The model is also used to simulate the storm-induced circulation in the bay during Hurricane Juan in September 2003, with the model forcing to be the combination of tides and remotely generated waves specified at the model open boundaries and wind stress applied at the sea surface. The model results demonstrate strong interactions between the local wind stress, tidal forcing, and remotely generated waves during this period. Comparison of model results with the surface elevation and current observations demonstrates that the coastal circulation model has reasonable skills in simulating the tidal and storm-induced circulation in the bay.     

A general solution for tide‐induced groundwater fluctuation in an estuarine‐coastal confined and unconfined aquifer system

This paper presents an analytical solution to tide‐induced head fluctuations in a two‐dimensional estuarine‐coastal aquifer system that consists of an unconfined aquifer and a heterogeneous confined aquifer extending under a tidal river with a semipermeable layer between them. This study considers the joint effects of tidal‐river leakage, inland leakage, dimensionless transmissivity between the tidal‐river and inland confined aquifer, and transmissivity anisotropic ratios. The analytical solution for this model is obtained via the separation of variables method. Three existing solutions related to head fluctuation in one‐ or two‐dimensional leaky confined aquifers are considered as special cases in the present solution. This study shows that there is a threshold of tidal‐river confined aquifer length. When the tidal‐river length is greater than the threshold length, the inland head fluctuations remain sensitive to the leakage effect but become insensitive to the tidal‐river width and dimensionless transmissivity. Considering leakage and transmissivity anisotropy, this study also demonstrates that at a location farther from the river–inland boundary, head fluctuations increase with increasing leakage and transmissivity anisotropy; the maximum head fluctuation occurs when leakage and transmissivity anisotropy are both at their maximum values. The combined action of the 3 effects of loading, tidal‐river aquifer leakage, and inland aquifer leakage differs significantly according to various aquifer parameters. The analytical solution in this paper can be applied to demonstrate the behaviours of the head fluctuations of an estuarine‐coastal aquifer system, and the head fluctuations can be clearly described when the tidal and hydrogeological parameters are derived from field measurement data or hypothetical cases.