流动商贩的空间分布特征及与正规商业的分布关系——基于距离测度方法的数量研究

有关非正规经济的空间分布特征始终缺乏宏观维度的定量研究。本文利用数字化城市管理系统中的流动商贩数据和工商局登记的正规商业数据,通过DO指数和M函数,分别探究流动商贩的空间特征及其与正规商业的分布关系。研究发现：① 绝大多数类型的流动商贩及其占地面积具有显著集聚的空间格局;其中,与居民需求较为密切的商贩类型,集聚程度相对较低。② 相较于正规商业,流动商贩在极小的空间尺度上更为强烈地集聚分布;但随着尺度扩大,集聚程度呈快速衰减态势。③ 经营内容相近的流动商贩与正规商业之间表现出显著的互斥关系,而非共栖关系;且两者的互斥程度在较小的空间尺度上尤为强烈。由此,本研究证明设立摊贩疏导区具有可行性和必要性,并就设置的类型及原则提出了初步建议。     

基于可调功效函数容量耦合生态经济协调发展评价模型

依据功效函数和熵值赋权法的原理,改进min-max功效函数和熵值赋权法的计算基础,提出可调可比可预测的功效函数与基于均值功效的熵值赋权法;讨论生态经济协调发展的等级标准,阐明容量耦合系数模型与生态经济协调发展的评价算法;以精简评价指标和鄱阳湖生态经济建设战略思想为指导,建立生态经济协调发展评价指标体系。将生态经济协调发展评价的等级标准、模型算法和指标体系在江西省九江市庐山区加以实际应用,验证模型的适用性。     

Combating Desertification and Improving Local Livelihoods through the GGWI in the Sahel Region: The Example of Senegal

The Great Green Wall Initiative (GGWI) has an overall objective of fighting desert encroachment through proven practices of sustainable management of land, and the reinforcement and protection of natural resources and systems of production and transformation, while also ensuring socio-economic development of local communities through multi-purpose activity platforms. The activities described in the present study are designed to accomplish several goals: (1) generate wealth, (2) strengthen access to basic social services, (3) manage the transition to a green economy as a means of creating suitable conditions for the emergence of rural production centers, (4) integrate sustainable development in order to eradicate poverty and food insecurity, and (5) strengthen adaptation and resilience capacities of local populations. The present study was undertaken on the basis of a wide variety of available publications and documentation, including articles and scientific papers, thesis, meeting summaries and reports, concerning the implementation of the Great Green Wall Initiative/GGWI in Senegal.     

基于全波形激光雷达数据分解方法的研究

波形分解是全波形激光雷达数据处理的关键技术之一,通过雅克比矩阵更新与否以及阻尼系数的调整,对优化LM(Levenberg-Marquard)算法进行了研究。实验表明,该方法可最优化求解足印内各波形分量的振幅、中心位置和半宽,而不必每次迭代时都需计算雅克比矩阵,简化了计算过程,提高了计算效率,最终得到的模拟波形能够非常好地拟合原始波形。     

一类小波基函数的构造及其在测量数据处理中的应用探讨

Shannon函数有很好的滤波性能,但向两端衰减速度缓慢;Gauss“窗”函数有很好的控制小波衰减的特性,但其低通滤波效果较差。根据这两个函数各自的优点构造了一类新的小波基函数,分别为满足低通的父小波和带通的一阶、二阶母小波,讨论了它们的正交性、完备性和紧支集性等性质,以GPS资料为例,分析其信号平滑和压缩效应、边缘效应和奇异点检测,得出一些有益的结论,为大地测量数据处理提供一种小波分析方法。     

On the Distance Function Between Two Keplerian Elliptic Orbits

The problem of finding critical points of the distance function between two Keplerian elliptic orbits is reduced to the determination of all real roots of a trigonometric polynomial of degree 8. The coefficients of the polynomial are rational functions of orbital parameters. Using computer algebra methods we show that a polynomial of a smaller degree with such properties does not exist. This fact shows that our result cannot be improved and it allows us to construct an optimal algorithm to find the minimal distance between two Keplerian orbits. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

The Correlation Bias for Two-Dimensional Simulations by Turning Bands

The turning bands method (TBM) generates realizations of isotropic Gaussian random fields by summing contributions from line processes. We consider two-dimensional simulations and study the correlation bias attributable to the use of only a finite number L of lines. Our analytical and numerical results confirm that the maximal bias is of order 1/L, and that L = 64 lines suffice for excellent covariance reproduction. The notorious banding observed in simulations with an insufficient number of lines is a related but different phenomenon and depends strongly on the choice of the line simulation technique. Clear-cut recommendations for the number of lines necessary to avoid the effect can only be based on practical experience with the specific code at hand.     

利用干涉图确定成像质量

从像质的概念出发,导出了像质评定的简单公式。在干涉图的每个选定点上测量条纹间的间隔和角度来计算几何光线的斜率误差,然后把这些角度误差画在一张图纸上用以表示几何点扩散函数的角度大小,可以方便而简洁地评定成像质量,避免了复杂的计算。