一株产铁载体细菌的筛选及其与云母的相互作用

        产铁载体细菌与云母类矿物相互作用的研究有助于了解矿物生物风化和土壤形成的演化规律和机理。采用纯培养法 自南京龙山废钾矿区酸模根际土壤分离筛选到一株高产荧光铁载体的细菌Z6,通过16S rDNA 序列分析和生理生化反应将其 鉴定为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas sp.）;通过室温静置培养试验研究Z6 菌株与云母的相互作用结果表明,细菌生长代谢前期 （8~15 d）快速产生大量铁载体,菌株与矿物共培养75 d 后,产铁载体细菌对云母类矿物确实产生了风化作用,黑云母组发 酵液中Fe 含量增加了211 倍,Si 含量增加了约27.8 倍,SEM 显示云母表面出现溶蚀坑,细菌可以在矿物表面形成生物膜或 矿物- 细菌复合物。不同矿物对共培养体系中细菌数量、荧光铁载体含量、溶液pH 的影响不同。     

大别杂岩中混合岩的矿物空间分布研究

介绍了矿物空间分布研究的基本原理及两种统计方法(接触频数法和线切法)。作者对混合岩矿物空间分布的研究表明:(1)前人提出的统计方法存在方法上的缺陷和应用上的局限性,作者推导出矿物接触类型的概率公式;(2)部分浅色体中矿物显示聚集分布的特征,而绝大部分的浅色体中矿物具有分散分布的特点。结合质量平衡和地球化学研究认为:大别杂岩中主体混合岩成因机制是重熔和交代作用。     

REQUIREMENTS OF SHRIMP, PENAEUS CHINENSIS O''''SBECK FOR POTASSIUM, SODIUM, MAGNESIUM AND IODINE

Potassium, sodium, magnesium and iodine requirements of shrimp, Penaeus chinensis were studied.Orthogonal design was employed in this experiment. The composition of the basal diet consisted of fishmeal, peanut cake, corn meal, soybean cake, wheat bran, vitamin mix and mineral mix, and supple-mentations of potassium, sodium, magnesium and iodine in the basal diet were made according to theL_9(3~4) orthogonal table. The results indicatal that iodine supplementation improved growth of the shrimpsignificantly and raised survival very significanly, iodine requirement of the shrimp was 0.003%, sodiumrequirement was 0.87% or less; and that 1.1-1.3% potassium and 0.18-0.38% magnesium in the dietwere proper nutrition supplements for the shrimp.     

APPLICATION OF CLAYS TO REMOVAL OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS Ⅰ.COAGULATION OF RED TIDE ORGANISMS WITH CLAYS

Coagulation of red tide organism cells with clays is discussed in theory and the effects of some fac-tors on it are studied.A quantitative model is presented which describes how the coagulation varies withpH in solution.According to the model,within the pH-range between pH_(zpc_a)and pH_(zpc_b),V_R is negativeand the coagulation is strong and strongest at pH=(pH_(zpc_a)+pH_(zpc_b))/2.It is also demonstrated that whenthe diameter of clay particles is close to that of cells,the collision probability is low,resulting in weakercoagulation.The model results have been corroborated by experiments and so are scientific and theoreticalbases for application.     

曹县梁堤头地区第四系地裂缝成因及防治

鲁豫交界的曹县黄河故道地区,地势较高的自然堤堤缘区是地裂缝等地质灾害的高发区。地裂缝主要由地表厚粘土层干湿胀缩产生,有一定的隐蔽性,并受地形和大气影响。地下水动态变化对地裂缝影响不大。地表裂隙张力的直接作用、建筑物的非均质土地基不均匀沉陷等因素的存在共同导致了该区民房开裂。可以采取加固地基和搬迁避让等方法进行防治。     

试论天然半导体矿物的热电特性及其在地震预测中应用的可能性

本文基于半导体矿物热电特性的基本理论,通过大量科学研究成果之间客观联系的分析,论证了天然半导体矿物热电特性与地震预测的关系.结果表明,地壳内广泛存在天然半导体矿物,且绝大多数天然半导体矿物具有热电特性.孕震过程产生梯度热场时,会激发周围热电介质产生热电势,热电势的积累对孕震区电场具有一定的干扰效应,这种干扰效应可作为地震预测的信息源之一.另外,从成矿带和地震带之间的空间关系分析,可以认为天然半导体矿物的集中分布与地震活动带相一致.上述结论对深刻理解地震地电异常机理有重要的意义.     

碧口古陆周边锰矿找矿分析

前震旦系碧口群,属四川古陆核西北缘,中新元古代发育的岛弧型建造,经晋宁运动碰撞拼贴,组成扬子地台的一部分,本身固结成为古陆.在其周边及东部成带分布了含锰岩系.目前各含锰矿带上的锰矿床,具体层位归属有蓟县纪、震旦纪、寒武纪等之不同认识.经分析研究认为,含锰岩系均属前震旦纪摩大岭复背斜褶皱带(即碧口古陆)之上的盖层型震旦寒武纪沉积,大致应为同一时代,即晚震旦世.由于各带所处地质构造背景、沉积环境的不同,锰矿特征明显有异,南含锰矿带临接扬子地台,为弱还原地质环境相对稳定,以优质锰矿类型为主;北含锰矿带紧邻秦岭地槽,凹陷较深为还原环境,以高磷锰矿为主.在该带含锰岩系的构造岩性有利部位,易形成风化淋积型锰矿床.故在寻找锰矿过程中,应区别对待,注意优质锰矿的辨认,并对本区锰矿找矿标志及找矿方向提出建议.     

Properties and organic activation of ocean clay in the East Pacific

In order to make use of ocean clay reasonably and excavate its potential applications the properties of ocean clay in Chinese investigating area of the East Pacific have been tested with the chemical analysis, XRFS, ICP/MAS, granulometry and SSA, etc. The results show that the clay sediments of this area are rich in clay minerals, fine granularity, bigger SSA, bigger water absorbability and lower ion changing ability etc. To improve the adaptability of ocean clay and macromolecule materials, using the dry milling method with silane, aluminate, stearic acid coupling agents etc the properties of ocean clay are improved. The effect has been evaluated by testing the water absorbing of the modified ocean clay and their dispersing in paraffin liquid. The result is that KH550 is better than any other active reagents, and the best activation technics is that 1.5% (volume) of KH550 quantity, 20min of milling time. The DTA, XRD, SEM and IR analyses and SSA testing show that the organic activation can not change the mineral structure but can densify the structure of clay, and activation mechanism is chemical covered mainly and chemical combined secondly.     

一种改进的粘土亚塑性本构模型

简要地介绍了Herle和Kolymbas针对黏土建立的亚塑性本构模型的方法。结合黏土的特性以及对响应包络线的分析,详细地列出了HK模型几个尚未解决的问题,并对该模型3个参数分别进行了改进,建立了改进后的HK亚塑性公式以及参数的确定方法。改进后的模型继承了HK模型参数少、易确定以及公式简洁等特点,使HK模型不仅具有严密的数学和力学基础,而且具有较好的实际意义。     

湖南头石露天矿测水组煤中锂的富集与成矿前景

本文以湖南涟邵煤田头石露天矿下石炭统测水组煤为研究对象,采用X射线衍射分析（XRD）、X射线荧光（XRF）、电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP- MS）和高分辨率透射电镜（HR- TEM）等方法系统分析了煤的矿物学及元素地球化学特征。湖南头石露天矿测水组煤为中高灰,低挥发分烟煤,煤中主要矿物为高岭石、铵云母和方解石,其次为石英、锐钛矿、铁白云石、微斜长石、菱铁矿和伊利石,含有少量黄铁矿。与世界煤相比,头石露天矿测水组煤中高度富集Li（富集系数为15. 6）,越接近顶底板和夹矸,Li的含量越高。透射电镜分析及Li与灰分、Al2O3和K2O的明显正相关性表明,煤层中Li主要赋存在铝硅酸盐矿物,如高岭石、含锂绿泥石中。煤中Li的高度富集主要来源于蚀源区长英质母岩及盆地周缘花岗岩体,在泥炭聚集期间进入泥炭沼泽,或在间歇性海水- 岩浆热液等流体的共同作用下由围岩淋滤并运移至煤中富集。头石露天矿大部分煤层中Li含量达到回收标准,尤其是煤层底板和附近煤层中Li的成矿潜力值得关注。