1991年初夏江淮大水的天文因素──太阳质子耀斑爆发

研究了1991年初夏江淮大水前,北半球环流的异常与太阳上的一系列质子耀斑之间的关系.研究结果表明:太阳上连续不断的质于耀斑爆发是1991年初夏江淮大水的重要天文因素.太阳质子耀斑可能触发或加剧了极涡的冷空气南下,低空西南急流的东移和西太平洋副热带高压的西伸北移过程.由于冷热气流多次在长江中下游和淮河地区相遇.因而形成了频繁的暴雨和特大暴雨过程,造成了江淮地区的特大洪涝灾害.     

垂直低分辨率GCM模式大气平均经圈环流的诊断

以ＩＡＰ２－Ｌ ＧＣＭ为例，给出垂直低分辨率ＧＣＭ模式大气平均经圈环流质量流函数的一个计算方案，结果表明，模式大气的Ｈａｄｌｅｙ环流季节变化与实际大气相一致。Ｅｌ Ｎｉｎｏ年模式大气平均经圈环流中可分离出一个与Ｅｌ Ｎｉｎｏ型ＳＳＴ异常关系密切的异常经圈环流，它导致平均Ｈａｄｌｅｙ环流向北半球盛夏型转变的滞后。     

东亚冬季风三维环流的低频振荡特征

利用ＥＣＭＷＦ／ＷＭＯ逐日客观分析格点资料，采用带通滤波分析了冬季风环流的低频振荡特征，结果表明冬季风水平环流和垂直环流都表现出显著的准４０天振荡特征，高低层水平环流的低频变化主要受热带西太平洋和澳大利亚附近的低频涡旋系统的影响，纬向环流的低频变化表现为Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流的加强和减弱。经向环流则表现为局地振荡特征，它的低频振荡起着联接南北半球和高低层季风环流低频振荡的作用。     

夏季青藏高原500hPa高压活动期间大气加热状况与大气环流特征

由于青藏高原５００ｈＰａ层出现高压系统的活动，使高原大气产生＂上高下高＂的气压场结构，从而东亚大气环流也发生某些相应的变化。本文统计分析了高原５００ｈＰａ高压的散度与垂直速度分布、高原大气热源的演变和１００ｈＰａ层涡度、纬向风以及经圈环流的变化等。结果认为，由于夏季高原５００ｈＰａ高压的活动，使高原上空垂直上升运动和对流加热受到抑制，１００ｈＰａ南亚高压强度减弱、位置北抬、有向西部型过渡的特征．高原北侧西风急流减弱，东风急流南支与北支合并后位于原北文东风急流位置以南，侵入高原南麓的西南季风减弱。与此同时，孟加拉湾上空上升运动有所增强，其对流加热对维持东风急流乃至南亚季风将起重要作用。     

A NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT STUDY ON THE FORMING MECHANISMS OF LOW-LATITUDE CIRCULATION CELLS AND PRECIPITATION DURING AN EAST ASIAN COLD SURGE

The forming mechanisms of low-latitude circulation cells and precipitation during an East Asian cold surge have been studied by using a five-layer primitive equation model.Numerical experiments show that in mid-high latitudes,the propagation of the East Asian winter monsoon is nearly a dry process;in low-latitudes,the effects of cumulus convection intensify the northeast monsoon and northeast trade wind;however,they also prevent the intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ) from further southward invasion,and strengthen the meridional and zonal cells over East Asia. Numerical results also indicate that the winter monsoon precipitation in Indonesia and Northern Australia can exist independently.Both the South China Sea(SCS) cold surge and the West Pacific northeast cross-equatorial trade wind are of importance for the formation of the Northern Australia summer monsoon and its precipitation.Numerical results show that the development of cumulus convection,triggered by the SCS cold surge,is a crucial factor in forming the heavy monsoon precipitation and low-level stationary disturbances in Indonesia and Borneo.The tropical topography and northeast trade wind disturbances only affect the intensity of precipitation there.     

500百帕大气环流对云南地震的影响和震级的预测

本文用北半球５００百帕大气月均高度场资料，与云南地区每年发生的最大地震的震级作相关分析，选出其中影响地震的主要环流因子，分别构成每年上半年和下半年的最大震级预报方程。经三年的预报试验，效果尚好。     

黑龙江省冷硅锶质矿泉水赋存规律和形成机制的探讨

近年来,黑龙江省境内发现了多处含硅质或硅锶质天然矿泉水,这种矿泉水属珍贵的矿泉水类型之一。本文就冷硅或硅锶质矿泉水的赋存规律和形成机制提出初浅认识。     

A two-way nested-grid ocean-circulation model for the Meso-American Barrier Reef System

A two-way nested-grid ocean-circulation model is developed for the Meso-American Barrier Reef System (MBRS), using a newly developed two-way interactive nesting technique. The unique feature of this new nesting technique is its use of the semi-prognostic method (Sheng et al. 2001) to exchange information between different grids through the model momentum equations. The nested-grid model for the MBRS has a fine-resolution inner model embedded in a coarse-resolution outer model. The outer model is the western Caribbean Sea model developed by Sheng and Tang (2003), with a horizontal resolution of roughly 19 km. The inner model domain covers the northwest Caribbean Sea (NWCS) between 79°W and 89°W and between 15.5°N and 22°N, with a horizontal resolution of roughly 6 km. The nested-grid ocean model is initialized with the January mean temperature and salinity and forced by the monthly mean COADS (comprehensive ocean-atmosphere data set) wind stress and surface heat flux. The model sea-surface salinity is restored to the monthly mean climatology. The nested-grid model is integrated for 2 years and the second-year model results are presented in this paper. The model-calculated annual-mean near-surface currents over the NWCS agree reasonably well with the time-mean near-surface currents inferred by Fratantoni (2001) from trajectories of the satellite-tracked 15-m drogued drifters in the 1990s. The two-way nested model is also used to quantify the role of local wind stress, local density gradients and boundary forcings of the outer model in driving the annual-mean circulation in the region.Responsible Editor: Phil Dyke     

Study on numerical simulation and dynamic mechanism of winter-time circulation in the eastern China seas

An MOM2 based 3-dimentional prognostic baroclinic Z-ordinate model was established to study the circulation in eastern China seas, considering the topography, inflow and outflow on the open boundary, wind stress, temperature and salinity exchange on the sea surface. The results were consistent with observation and showed that the Kuroshio intrudes in large scale into the East China Sea continental shelf East China, during which its water is exchanged ceaselessly with outer sea water along Ryukyu Island. The Tsushima Warm Current is derived from several sources, a branch of the Kuroshio, part of the Taiwan Warm Current, and Yellow Sea mixed water coming from the west of Cheju Island. The water from the west of Cheju Island contributes approximately 13% of the Isushima Warm Current total transport through the Korea Strait. The circulation in the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea is basically cyclonic circulation, and is comprised of coastal currents and the Yellow Sea Warm Current. Besides simulation of the real circulation, numerical experiments were conducted to study the dynamic mechanism. The numerical experiments indicated that wind directly drives the East China Sea and Yellow Sea Coastal Currents, and strengthens the Korea Coastal Current and Yellow Sea Warm Current. In the no wind case, the kinetic energy of the coastal current area and main YSWC area is only 1% of that of the wind case.Numerical experiments also showed that the Tsushima Warm Current is of great importance to the formation of the Korea Coastal Current and Yellow Sea Warm Current.     

利用水文资料推测海洋流场的研究进展

根据研究方法不同的动力学特征及其运用上的差异,利用已知的水文气象资料推测海洋流场的方法可以分成 3类：①描述性方法;②热成风关系式与示踪物守恒相结合的诊断方法;③Sarki syan诊断模式及复杂动力模式。结合南海环流的工作讨论了这些方法的进展情况及在南海环流研究中的作用,并对目前利用水文气象资料推测海洋流场的研究趋势进行了分析。