基于小波变换的脉冲星弱信号的去噪方法研究

利用小波变换去除噪声的基本原理和方法及消色散方法对毫秒脉冲星极弱信号进行了提取,并对噪声进行了最佳阈值选取实验研究,实现了脉冲星弱信号消色散积累后的检测和抑噪.并研究了软硬阈值估计子等不同阈值消噪技术,进而对PSR 0437-4715信号采用不同方法去噪后的结果进行了分析比较,认为在最大分解层数J=5时对脉冲星信号处理有普适意义.研究结果认为基于小波变换的消噪方法是一种提高信噪比、展示噪声和突变信号的优越方法.     

海浪的动态视觉仿真

对海浪液面位移模型的建模方法进行了研究,利用Phillips谱分析方法,建立了受风场和海底地形等因素影响下的海浪波面位移模型,提出了2D FFT的优化方法,提高了计算机的执行效率,解决了海浪数字仿真中的动态数据生成问题,并最终实现了不同分辨率海浪模块的拼接和渲染。     

基于复contourlet域隐马尔科夫树模型的海面溢油合成孔径雷达图像相干斑抑制

海面溢油SAR图像中的相干斑噪声严重影响了后续的图像分割、特征提取和分类.为了更有效地抑制海面溢油SAR图像相干斑,文中提出了一种基于复contourlet域隐马尔科夫树模型的海面溢油SAR图像相干斑抑制方法.首先对观测图像取对数并进行复contourlet变换;然后在复contourlet域中用隐马尔科夫树模型对相邻尺度间的带通方向子带系数进行建模,并依据贝叶斯最小均方误差准则估计无噪系数;最后进行逆复contourlet变换和指数变换,得到相干斑抑制后的图像.大量实验结果表明,与Lee、Kuan、Frost及Gamma Map等4种经典滤波方法以及小波域和contourlet域隐马尔科夫树模型方法相比,文中方法从主观视觉和客观定量评价两方面来看综合性能更为优越,是一种行之有效的SAR遥感图像海面溢油检测的预处理方法.     

自适应Chirplet变换及其在探地雷达目标探测中的应用(英文)

探地雷达不仅能够探测金属目标体,而且能够探测非金属目标体,而成为UX0和地雷探测的一种重要的浅部地球物理方法。但是在地雷和UX0探测中,目标体埋藏深度浅,在探地雷达数据信噪比较低情况下,地表和土壤层的反射严重干扰对目标体的拾取。本文采用自适用Chirplet变换来消除地表层和土壤层变化的干扰,并在Radon—Wigner分布的基础上,采用自适用Chirplet变换来拾取目标体的信号。通过对实际探测实验数据应用证明,本方法处理结果比传统的偏移方法具有较高的信噪比,并能清晰地提取目标体信号。     

Output only modal identification and structural damage detection using time frequency ＆ wavelet techniques

The primary objective of this paper is to develop output only modal identifi cation and structural damage detection.Identif ication of multi-degree of freedom(MDOF) linear time invariant(LTI) and linear time variant(LTV—due to damage) systems based on Time-frequency(TF) techniques—such as short-time Fourier transform(STFT),empirical mode decomposition(EMD),and wavelets—is proposed.STFT,EMD,and wavelet methods developed to date are reviewed in detail.In addition a Hilbert transform(HT) approach to determine ...     

基于多模态分离的面波谱分析方法

面波频谱分析法(SASW) 作为一种横向分辨率较高的瑞雷面波勘探方法, 由于计算得到的基阶面波频散曲线存在较大误差以及无法获得高阶模式频散曲线而在应用中受到限制.通过应用Fourier变换方法(FT法) 分离提取面波各模态数据, 进而对分离后的各模态数据利用SASW法计算频散曲线.通过模型实例分析得出: (1) 利用SASW计算基阶面波频散曲线时必须分离得到基阶面波数据, 然后计算才能得到正确的结果; (2) 基于多模态分离的SASW法可以计算得到面波高阶模式的频散曲线.      

Three-dimensional semi-analytical solution to groundwater flow in confined and unconfined wedge-shaped aquifers

The Laplace domain solutions have been obtained for three-dimensional groundwater flow to a well in confined and unconfined wedge-shaped aquifers. The solutions take into account partial penetration effects, instantaneous drainage or delayed yield, vertical anisotropy and the water table boundary condition. As a basis, the Laplace domain solutions for drawdown created by a point source in uniform, anisotropic confined and unconfined wedge-shaped aquifers are first derived. Then, by the principle of superposition the point source solutions are extended to the cases of partially and fully penetrating wells. Unlike the previous solution for the confined aquifer that contains improper integrals arising from the Hankel transform [Yeh HD, Chang YC. New analytical solutions for groundwater flow in wedge-shaped aquifers with various topographic boundary conditions. Adv Water Resour 2006;26:471–80], numerical evaluation of our solution is relatively easy using well known numerical Laplace inversion methods. The effects of wedge angle, pumping well location and observation point location on drawdown and the effects of partial penetration, screen location and delay index on the wedge boundary hydraulic gradient in unconfined aquifers have also been investigated. The results are presented in the form of dimensionless drawdown-time and boundary gradient-time type curves. The curves are useful for parameter identification, calculation of stream depletion rates and the assessment of water budgets in river basins.     

Steep wave,turbulence, and sediment concentration statistics beneath a breaking wave field and their implications for sediment transport

A new methodology based on wavelet analysis is used to estimate steep wave statistics under depth-limited conditions and the corresponding high concentration sediment statistics. Steep waves here are defined as wave crests within the wavelet transform exceeding a root mean square derived acceleration threshold. The method is applied to laboratory data obtained in a large-scale wave-flume experiment conducted in 2005 at Oregon State University's O. H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory from an acoustic Doppler velocimeter and a fiber optic backscatter sensor array above a mobile sand bed. The steep wave and high concentration statistical results for the erosive condition suggest that sand suspensions are intermittent when a wave-breaking timescale (the ratio of breaking wave height and rms wave velocity) is used to detect the concurrence among steep wave, high velocity turbulent fluctuations, and sand concentration events near the bed. More importantly, at 1 cm above the bed, though the accretive case has more steep wave events, the erosive case has more steep waves and concurrent high concentration events, suggesting a more intense breaking wave process near the sensors. The use of a longer time window, based on the dominant wave period in the detection process of steep wave and high concentration events at 1 cm above the bed, does not change the resulting statistics for the erosive condition. However, increased percentages of high concentration events correlated with steep wave and high velocity turbulence events for the accretive condition are obtained. These increased percentages are conjectured to be due to advection of non-local turbulent events and sediment concentration peaks from upstream.     

地震动瞬时能量谱与结构位移响应关系研究

本文通过HHT变换得到瞬时能量谱,并以HHT对地震动作用下的结构位移响应进行分析,发现长周期结构动力响应的显著特点:最大结构位移响应总是滞后于地震动激励的最大能量谱值时间.滞后的时间主要取决于结构的动力特性参数(特别是自振周期),也与地震动的类型有关.仿真计算的结果表明:长周期结构的破环与倒塌并不发生在地震动强度最大的时刻,而多数是在地震动末期,甚至在地震动完全消失之后.有益的结论为结构控制设计与安全提供科学依据.     

希尔伯特-黄变换在地震资料处理中的应用

希尔伯特-黄变换是最新发展起来的处理非线性非平稳信号的时频分析方法.本文介绍了该方法的基本原理和几个关键技术,以及其优势所在,并将它应用于含随机噪音的地震信号和实际地震资料的分解.分解后的信号能够重构原始信号,重构后在信噪比和分辨率方面有了一定的提高,对地震资料的去噪有重要意义.