尖晶石中的Si含量及其存在形式

自然岩石及简单和复杂体系中实验合成或经重新平衡的尖晶石化学成分显示，在中－低压条件下，与橄榄石共存的尖晶石可含一定量的Ｓｉ，其含量随温度和压力的升高而增大。用最小二乘法对简单体系中 实验数据的热力学模拟发现，Ｓｉ在铬尖晶石中以硅酸盐尖晶石（Ｍｇ２ＳｉＯ４）形式存在，Ｍｇ２ＳｉＯ４组份在铬尖晶石中的活度ａＳＤＭＧ２ＳｉＯ４＝（ＮＳＰＭＧ／２）２＊（ＮＳＰＳｉ）２（ＮＳＰＳｉ代表以４个氧为基础的单位尖     

Experimental calibration of sapphirine–spinel Fe–Mg exchange thermometer: Implication for constraints on P–T condition of Howard Hills, Napier Complex, East Antarctica

The Fe²⁺–Mg distribution coefficients between sapphirine and spinel:

were experimentally determined at pressures of 9–13 kbar and temperatures of 950–1150 °C using a natural ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) granulite with paragenesis of these minerals from the Napier Complex in East Antarctica [X_Mg = Mg / (Fe + Mg); X_Fe = Fe / (Fe + Mg)]. A new sapphirine–spinel geothermometer has been obtained as:

We applied the exchange thermometer to UHT or high-grade metamorphic rocks that were reported from various complexes in the world. If the K_D values of 2.63–4.34 obtained from low-Cr mineral pairs such as X_Cr^Spr < 0.016 and X_Cr^Spl < 0.047 were substituted into the equation, their temperature conditions would be estimated as 806–1050 °C at 11 kbar. The X_Cr means Cr / (Al + Cr(+ Fe³⁺)). These temperatures are reasonable retrograde or near peak metamorphic condition.     

伊通新生代玄武岩中辉石岩捕虏体的尖晶石成分分带

伊通新生代玄武岩中存在3种不同成因的捕虏体,其中上地幔岩浆分异结晶形成的辉石岩捕虏体中尖晶石具有独特的成分分带。电子探针分析显示在尖晶石矿物的边缘富Al,而贫Mg、Fe和Cr,矿物中心富Mg、Fe和Cr,而贫Al,从中心向两侧基本对称。从尖晶石成分分带的元素分布特征判断,其形成不是固溶体相平衡过程中的离子扩散,而可能是化学平衡过程中结晶矿物与熔浆之间化学成分平衡的结果,属于化学平衡导致的成分分带。从尖晶石矿物中心到边缘的温度变化不能反映矿物形成后所经历的温度变化状况,与尖晶石共生矿物的二辉石地质温度计所能代表的地质意义是矿物中心的温度(~1 006℃),反映矿物开始结晶时的温度状态。     

雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩再研究:从地质调查到矿物记录

蛇绿岩带出现于全球大多数碰撞构造带上,通常是板块缝合带的标志,西藏雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩带对于此种概念模型是毫无争议的。根据近年来现代洋壳和蛇绿岩研究成果以及分析技术,在20世纪80年代中法合作项目研究成果基础上,笔者再次对西起日喀则拉孜、东至泽当金鲁,长约500km的雅鲁藏布江缝合带蛇绿岩进行了研究。在野外调查基础上,对雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩中500多个尖晶石样品的地球化学特征进行了分析研究,以探讨蛇绿岩的成因及其动力学背景,提出雅鲁藏布江蛇绿岩带属于超俯冲作用(suprasubduction)的产物,与近年来其他研究成果的认识一致。     

伊通上地幔剪切带捕虏体中富铝尖晶石的地球化学特征

伊通上地幔剪切带中辉石岩、二辉橄榄岩和易剥橄榄岩是3个主要地幔捕虏体,其中尖晶石的化学成分以富铝为特征。辉石岩中尖晶石在薄片下呈绿色,为铝含量高、铬含量低的铝尖晶石;与之相比,二辉橄榄岩和易剥橄榄岩中尖晶石在薄片下呈棕色,为铝含量相对较低、铬含量相对较高的富铝铬尖晶石。尖晶石的颜色与Al、Mg、Cr、Fe含量有关。在不同捕虏体中尖晶石成分具有不同的变化范围,尖晶石化学成分之间存在一定的相关性,Mg#与Cr#,Mg#与Fe2 和Cr与Al呈现负相关性,而Mg#与Al#呈现出正相关性,反映不同捕虏体中尖晶石具有同一来源和成因联系。在地幔岩石部分熔融和结晶过程中Cr和Al的分异明显。固溶体条件下基本服从八面体Cr Al替代关系,而不同地幔捕虏体中尖晶石的成分差异是岩浆部分熔融和结晶过程中元素分异、固溶体离子替代的结果。     

Using calculated chemical potential relationships to account for coronas around kyanite: an example from the Bohemian Massif

Corona textures around kyanite, involving for example zoned plagioclase separating kyanite from the matrix, reflect the instability of kyanite with the matrix on changing P–T conditions, commonly related to decompression. The chemical potential gradients set up between the kyanite and the matrix as a consequence of slow Al diffusion drive corona development, with the zoning of the plagioclase reflecting the gradients. Calculated mineral equilibria are used to account for corona textures involving plagioclase ± garnet around kyanite, and replacement of kyanite by plagioclase + spinel symplectite, in quartz + plagioclase + K‐feldspar + garnet + kyanite granulite facies gneiss from the Blanský les massif in the Bohemian massif, Czech Republic. In the garnet‐bearing coronas, a commonly discontinuous garnet layer lies between the kyanite and the continuous plagioclase layer in the corona, with both the garnet and the plagioclase appearing mainly to replace matrix rather than kyanite. The garnet layer commonly extends around kyanite from original matrix garnet adjacent to the kyanite. Where garnet is missing in the corona, the kyanite itself may be replaced by a spinel–plagioclase corona. In a local equilibrium model, the mineral and mineral compositional spatial relationships are shown to correspond to paths in μ(Na₂O)–μ(CaO)–μ(K₂O)–μ(FeO)–μ(MgO)–μ(SiO₂) in the model chemical system, Na₂O–CaO–K₂O–FeO–MgO–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ (NCKFMAS). The discontinuous nature of the garnet layer in coronas is accounted for by the effect of the adjacent original garnet on the chemical potential relationships. The replacement of kyanite by spinel + plagioclase appears to be metastable with respect to replacement by corundum + plagioclase, possibly reflecting the difficulty of nucleating corundum.     

Implication of corona formation in a metatroctolite to the granulite facies overprint of HP–UHP rocks in the Moldanubian Zone (Bohemian Massif)

Corona and inclusion textures of a metatroctolite at the contact between felsic granulite and migmatites of the Gföhl Unit from the Moldanubian Zone provide evidence of the magmatic and metamorphic evolution of the rocks. Numerous diopside inclusions (1–10 μm, maximum 20 μm in size) in plagioclase of anorthite composition represent primary magmatic textures. Triple junctions between the plagioclase grains in the matrix are occupied by amphibole, probably pseudomorphs after clinopyroxene. The coronae consist of a core of orthopyroxene, with two or three zones (layers); the innermost is characterized by calcic amphibole with minor spinel and relicts of clinopyroxene, the next zone consists of symplectite of amphibole with spinel, sapphirine and accessory corundum, and the outermost is formed by garnet and amphibole with relicts of spinel. The orthopyroxene forms a monomineralic aggregate that may contain a cluster of serpentine in the core, suggesting its formation after olivine. Based on mineral textures and thermobarometric calculations, the troctolite crystallized in the middle to lower crust and the coronae were formed during three different metamorphic stages. The first stage relates to a subsolidus reaction between olivine and anorthite to form orthopyroxene. The second stage involving amphibole formation suggests the presence of a fluid that resulted in the replacement of igneous orthopyroxene and governed the reaction orthopyroxene + anorthite = amphibole + spinel. The last stage of corona formation with amphibole + spinel + sapphirine indicates granulite facies conditions. Garnet enclosing spinel, and its occurrence along the rim of the coronae in contact with anorthite, suggests that its formation occurred either during cooling or both cooling and compression but still at granulite facies conditions. The zircon U–Pb data indicate Variscan ages for both the troctolite crystallization (c. 360 Ma) and corona formation during granulite facies metamorphism (c. 340 Ma) in the Gföhl Unit. The intrusion of troctolite and other Variscan mafic and ultramafic rocks is interpreted as a potential heat source for amphibolite–granulite facies metamorphism that led to partial re‐equilibration of earlier high‐ to ultrahigh‐P metamorphic rocks in the Moldanubian Zone. These petrological and geochronological data constrain the formation of HP–UHP rocks and arc‐related plutonic complex to westward subduction of the Moldanubian plate during the Variscan orogeny. After exhumation to lower and/or middle crust, the HP–UHP rocks underwent heating due to intrusion of mafic and ultramafic magma that was generated by slab breakoff and mantle upwelling.     

西南天山东德沟镁铁-超镁铁岩中尖晶石的矿物学特征及其地质意义

中国西南天山东德沟镁铁-超镁铁岩出露于天山伊犁-中天山板块和塔里木板块之间的碰撞造山带中,岩石类型主要为(方辉)橄榄岩,且普遍经历了含水流体(熔体)的渗透交代作用,含有形态和成分变化复杂的尖晶石,表现为从红褐色到黄褐色、再到深绿色和浅绿色,尖晶石的Cr2O3和FeO的含量依次降低,Al2O3和MgO的含量逐渐增高。研究认为红褐色和黄褐色的铬尖晶是原生矿物,而绿色的镁铝尖晶石为次生矿物。原生铬尖晶石的Cr#为0.41~0.87,Mg#为0.21~0.61,且成分变化大,显示其可能具多期熔融的复杂成因;次生绿色的尖晶石形态不一、成分相对有较大变化,表明其至少形成于两个期次的变质作用或流体交代过程。原生铬尖晶石具有SSZ环境橄榄岩的特征,指示其寄主岩石可能是俯冲上板片地幔楔岛弧环境的橄榄岩残片。     

北祁连拉硐超基性岩体铬尖晶石特征研究及找矿意义

拉硐超基性岩体位于青海省祁连县城东北约15 km处,面积约7．6 km2,岩性主要由蛇纹石化橄榄岩、蛇纹石化辉榄岩、蛇纹岩及纯橄岩组成,共发现157个铬铁矿小矿体,铬铁矿体成群出现,依据野外铬铁矿体分布范围,自西向东划分为10个矿带,通过对其中铬尖晶石取样分析研究,并与区内其他含矿岩体中铬尖晶石样品化验分析结果对比,确定该类岩体不同岩性组合带的找矿方向。     

Cr-spinel assemblage from the Upper Triassic gritstones of the northeastern Siberian Platform

An assemblage of Cr-spinels widespread in Carnian (Upper Triassic) diamondiferous deposits in the northeastern Siberian Platform is studied. Analysis of their morphology and chemical composition has revealed two dominant varieties of Cr-spinels and has demonstrated certain regularities in their distribution in the study area. Correlations have been established between the areal distribution of the recognized types of Cr-spinels and diamond varieties typical of kimberlite sources and between the distribution of Cr-spinels and rounded diamond dodecahedrons. The phase and chemical compositions of polyphase inclusions in the Cr-spinels are studied. The spatial arrangement of inclusions along the crystal growth zones indicates their primary genesis and trapping from the melt during crystallization. Compositional features of some minerals in the inclusions—SiO₂ impurity in apatite and high CaO contents (0.2-0.8 wt.%) in olivines—point to a nonkimberlite source of these Cr-spinels. The presence of K- and Na-containing phases and calcite in the inclusions indicates saturation of the initial melt with alkalies, Ca, and CO₂. The data obtained suggest that the numerous Late Vendian diatremes in K-rich alkaline basites of the Olenek Uplift area are the source of the dominant Cr-spinel variety.