舟山群岛和长江口邻近海域埋藏古河道水文环境特征

应用高分辨率地球物理方法揭示舟山群岛和长江口邻近海域埋藏大量古河道。对埋藏古河道断面特征参数进行统计分析,利用河流计算公式得到埋藏古河道相关水文环境参数值。然后应用最新河型判别方法,分析判别晚更新世末次盛冰期和冰消期研究区埋藏古河道的河流类型为辫状型;并分析得到研究区古河道的宽深比(F=22.22)、悬移质含量(M=10.10%)、河道弯曲率(P=1.52)、河曲波长(L=1 647 m)等古水文泥沙环境参数分类指标。     

鄂尔多斯盆地子北油田涧峪岔地区长6油层沉积微相识别与分布特征

运用石油地质综合方法,结合现代测试技术、测井技术,将宏观与微观相结合、区域资料与单井资料相结合,在对岩石学、粒度、岩心沉积相标志及测井曲线等进行详细研究的基础上,对子北油田涧峪岔油区三叠系长6油层组各小层沉积微相及其分布规律进行了深入研究。长6油层组储层均属于三角洲平原沉积,发育分流河道和分流间湾两种主要的沉积微相。砂体展布受北东—南西走向的分流河道控制,自长62至长61,主砂体走向及分布位置有一定的继承性。分流河道砂体对本地区油气聚集有重要控制作用。     

Neural network modelling for mean velocity and turbulence intensities of steep channel flows

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of simulating the profiles of the mean velocity and turbulence intensities for the steep open channel flows over a smooth boundary using artificial neural networks. In a laboratory flume, turbulent flow conditions were measured using a fibre‐optic laser doppler velocimeter (FLDV). One thousand and sixty‐four data sets were collected for different slopes and aspect ratios at different locations. These data sets were randomly split into two subsets, i.e. training and validation sets. The multi‐layer functional link network (MFLN) was used to construct the simulation model based on the training data. The constructed MFLN models can almost perfectly simulate the velocity profile and turbulence intensity. The values of correlation coefficient (γ) are close to one and the values of root mean square error (RMSE) are close to zero in all conditions. The results demonstrate that the MFLN can precisely simulate the velocity profiles, while the log law and Reynolds stress model (RSM) are less effective when used to simulate the velocity profiles close to the side wall. The simulated longitudinal turbulence intensities yielded by the MFLN were also fairly consistent with the measured data, while the simulated vertical turbulence intensities by the RSM were not consistent with the measured data. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Patterns in stream longitudinal profiles and implications for hyporheic exchange flow at the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest,Oregon, USA

There is a need to identify measurable characteristics of stream channel morphology that vary predictably throughout stream networks and that influence patterns of hyporheic exchange flow in mountain streams. In this paper we characterize stream longitudinal profiles according to channel unit spacing and the concavity of the water surface profile. We demonstrate that: (1) the spacing between zones of upwelling and downwelling in the beds of mountain streams is closely related to channel unit spacing; (2) the magnitude of the vertical hydraulic gradients (VHGs) driving hyporheic exchange flow increase with increasing water surface concavity, measured at specific points along the longitudinal profile; (3) channel unit spacing and water surface concavity are useful metrics for predicting how patterns in hyporheic exchange vary amongst headwater and mid‐order streams. We use regression models to describe changes in channel unit spacing and concavity in longitudinal profiles for 12 randomly selected stream reaches spanning 62 km² in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest in Oregon. Channel unit spacing increased significantly, whereas average water surface concavity (AWSC) decreased significantly with increasing basin area. Piezometer transects installed longitudinally in a subset of stream reaches were used to measure VHG in the hyporheic zone, and to determine the location of upwelling and downwelling zones. Predictions for median pool length and median distance between steps in piezometer reaches bracketed the median distance separating zones of upwelling in the stream bed. VHG in individual piezometers increased with increasing water surface concavity at individual points in the longitudinal profile along piezometer transects. Absolute values of VHG, averaged throughout piezometer transects, increased with increasing AWSC, indicating increased potential for hyporheic exchange flow. These findings suggest that average hyporheic flow path lengths increase—and the potential for hyporheic exchange flow in stream reaches decreases—along the continuum from headwater to mid‐order mountain streams. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

教改是提高大学生就业率的关键环节

从当前我国人力资源市场上大学生就业难的现象切入，通过分析大学生就业市场供求双方的经济关系，说明求职大学生在素质上与用人单位的需求之间存在较尖锐的矛盾，是大学生就业难的重要原因。解决大学生就业难的关键环节之一是通过教改提高大学生的综合素质。     

基于自适应分组的预警信息发布系统

介绍了DAB(数字音频广播)主业务信息通道的传输结构及其作用,提出了一种应用于DAB发射机在主业务信息通道传输文字模块的设计方案.该设计针对现有DAB发送文字信息所需的多样性、实时性和经济性的要求,基于MOT(多媒体对象传输)协议传输规范,利用自适应分组模式传输机制提高了DAB发射系统发送文本信息(气象预警信息、交通信息等)的灵活性和子信道容量的利用率.该方案已通过自适应分组编码软件实现.     

个旧锡石一赤铁矿一方解石脉型矿体地质特征及其研究意义

报道了在个旧锡矿松树脚矿区发现的脉状锡石一赤铁矿一方解石新型矿体,认为该新型矿体很可能是成矿流体运移的通道,同时对其成因进行了初步探讨。通过与红海型热水沉积矿床的特征进行对比分析,提出个旧锡矿“层间氧化矿”以及红海型热水沉积矿床中铁氧化物型矿床可能存在2种成因模式：第一种是热卤水自海水向海底沉积物、从上到下的热卤水分层氧化模式;第二种是成矿流体自地下深部向海底的从下到上逐步氧化模式。     

桂林甑皮岩遗址岩溶地下水水害成因及防治对策

桂林甑皮岩遗址自1973年试掘以来,出土了古人类骨架、火塘、墓葬、石器、蚌器、陶器、动植物化石等大量的较为珍贵的实物资料,成为我国南方的一个重要的新石器人类遗址.2001年被列入国家级重点文物保护单位.然遗址在1994年汛期遭受洪水浸泡,致使多个探方隔梁崩塌,探方文化土层先后出现不同程度的崩塌或下沉现象.为了暂时性抢救...     

Propagation of shallow water waves in an open parabolic channel using the WKB perturbation technique

A singular perturbation analysis based on the WKB technique to study the hydrodynamic performance of periodic ocean waves that are incident on an open parabolic channel of constant depth is proposed. We derive a linear model to predict the propagation of the long ocean waves into the channel. In this manner, the spatial distribution for the surface elevation of the ocean waves inside the channel as a function of two dimensionless parameters, namely, a kinematical parameter, κ and a geometrical parameter ε, is governed by a second-order ordinary differential equation. The kinematical parameter κ denotes the ratio of the potential head, due to gravity, to the kinetic head of the ocean waves along the longitudinal axis of the parabolic channel. Meanwhile, ε is a dimensionless geometrical parameter that represents a characteristic ratio of the parabolic channel. Using matching conditions, simple expressions for the reflection and transmission coefficients are obtained.     

Interpretation of channelized architecture using three-dimensional photo real models, Pennsylvanian deep-water deposits at Big Rock Quarry, Arkansas

Mapping geological details and interpreting three-dimensional geometries in a highly heterogeneous outcrop such as the exposure at Big Rock Quarry has been a continuous challenge especially because high vertical cliffs make access to most of the rocks difficult for direct geological observations. Previous interpretations of facies architecture were derived from gamma-ray profiles, a core and measurements made on two-dimensional photomosaics. This paper represents the first attempt of three-dimensional interpretation of the geometry and facies pattern of the Jackfork nested channel complex deposited at the base-of-slope.Examination of the photo real model of the outcrop with assigned lithologies allowed extraction of accurate 3-D qualitative, as well as quantitative (channel dimensions) geometric information. This facilitated interpretation and reconstruction of the submarine channel complex architecture making possible correlations of strata exposed on the two sides of the quarry.Most of the exposed vertically and laterally stacked channels are large, aggradational with well-defined axial regions overlain by matrix-supported breccia which grades upward into amalgamated sandstones. The thickness of the sandstone decreases toward the southeastern end of the quarry where more shale is present. The channel infill consists of thin-bedded sandstones interlayered with shale which overlain the breccia. The upper part of the quarry is made up of smaller, lateral migrating channels.Significant channel width and thickness variation can be recognized at outcrop scale. Thirty-eight identified channels are characterized by a relatively low aspect ratio (4:1 to 32:1) with channel dimensions ranging from 25 m to 314 m wide and 2 m-24 m deep. Bed thickness distributions of various facies show that the sandstone comprises a significant proportion (83%) of the total channel thickness, while shale and breccia represent about 8%, and 17% respectively. This yields a high net-to gross ratio of more than 80%.Compared to previous reconstructions our 3-D photo real model is more accurate and it can be used to calibrate simulation of processes in deep-water environments.