Tiller recruitment and mortality in the dryland bunchgrass Eragrostis curvula as affected by defoliation intensity

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of moderate (14 cm) vs. severe (7 cm) defoliation on tiller recruitment and mortality within the interior and on the perimeter of weeping lovegrass (Eragrostis curvula) tussocks. Tiller number per marked shoot within the interior was significantly greater in plants defoliated at 14-cm stubble height than at 7-cm stubble height (2·37 vs. 0·43, p<0·05) 28 weeks after defoliation; likewise, tiller number per marked shoot was also greater on the perimeter of tussocks in the higher stubble than the lower stubble defoliation treatment (5·10 vs. 2·03, p<0·05). Tiller natality increased significantly 4 weeks after defoliation except for tillers cut to 7-cm stubble height within the interior of tussocks where tiller natality reached a peak at 4·5 weeks after defoliation. During the later stages of canopy development, tiller numbers per marked shoot gradually declined as tiller mortality increased. Tillers began senescing 13 weeks after defoliation, and the senescence rate was 52% greater in the 7-cm stubble height treatment than in the 14-cm stubble height treatment (2·33 vs. 1·53, p<0·0001). Within the interior of tussocks, number of the marked tillers more than doubled under the 14-cm stubble height treatment, whereas the plants lost 57% of the monitored tillers under the 7-cm stubble height treatment. We concluded that the central dieback process in weeping lovegrass is accelerated by severe defoliation.     

山东省省际边界地区发展研究

省际边界地区有其自身的发展特点，对于区域的发展起着特殊的作用。文章分析了山东省省际边界地区的特点，并根据康维斯（P.D.Converse)断裂点理论，对山东省及周边中心城市的引力范围进行了计算，比较分析了目前山东省省界城市和省内城市吸引范围及竞争力差异，提出了山东省发展省际边界地区的相应对策。     

西藏地质环境问题及保护对策

作为青藏高原主体的西藏自治区,地质环境极为复杂,地质灾害相当严重,在一些地段地质灾害严重影响了人们正常的生产生活。因此,加强地质环境保护,为人们创造尽可能好的生产和生活空间,是各级政府义不容辞的责任。本文首先对西藏自治区的地质环境特征作了系统地分析,并对西藏地质环境保护及管理现状作了客观评述,在此基础上指出了西藏地质环境保护中存在的主要问题。最后提出了西藏地质环境保护的对策及建议。     

西藏自治区的土壤理化特性探讨

通过对西藏自治区主要土壤类型的实地踏勘和采样分析,并结合全国土壤普查资料的结果进行分析,揭示了本区土壤具有4点特性:即多砾石性、砂质性、成土幼年性和低矿化的富有机质性。因此,在改良本区土壤时,应重视去石与防治沙漠化措施,加强矿质养分肥料的施用,稳定有机肥的投入。     

西藏自治区沙漠化控制重要性评价

根据区域沙漠化敏感性与沙漠化程度及其对人类生命安全、农田和草场损失、基础设施(交通、水利设施等)、环境等所构成威胁程度的轻重,划分不同沙漠化控制重要性等级。本文应用GIS技术,在对西藏自治区土地沙漠化敏感性评价的基础上,根据西藏自治区的实际,将影响目标层分为农牧业人口分布、城镇人口数量、居民点分布、草场分布、交通干线以及特殊区域(如重要的江河源)等,并确定评价指标,从而对沙漠化控制的重要性进行评价。     

西藏自治区土壤侵蚀特点及现状

西藏自治区地域辽阔,土壤侵蚀复杂多样。本文在野外调查的基础上,对西藏自治区土壤侵蚀特点作了全面论述,并对西藏自治区不同类型土壤侵蚀区的土壤侵蚀现状做了较全面的分区评价。同时取雅江中游地区19个县作为典型区域,利用1999年1:20万TM遥感图像土壤侵蚀解译结果,对该典型区域的土壤侵蚀现状作了定量评价。最后根据评价结果,对西藏自治区土壤侵蚀的发展趋势做了预测。     

Statistic forecast of typhoons going over the Chinese coasts

According to the measured data of typhoons going over the Chinese coasts in 1949-2002, a statistic relative equation showing the relation between the central atmospheric pressure of typhoons in a certain region at a certain period of time and their accumulation of frequency is established, and the concept of recurrence interval of typhoons is put forward, which is of actual significance for typhoon disaster reduction along the coastal area.     

藏北新生代两套钾玄质火山岩系列地球化学特征

岩石学和元素地球化学特征研究表明，藏北新生代自南向北沿可可西里岩带和喀喇昆仑—玉门岩带出露有两套钾玄质系列火山岩。它们富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土(LREE)及明显亏损Nb—Ta—Ti，同时具有板内和岛弧(陆弧)的双重特征。源区来源于可能与俯冲带流体有关的相似交代富集地幔，成岩过程主要经历了低度(＜10％)辉石分离结晶作用，同时，源区伴有地壳物质的混染作用。     

西藏尼玛地区古近纪美苏组的建立

通过1：25万邦多区幅地质调查，在尼玛县西部拉舍—岷千日一带发现一套基性—中性—酸性—酸碱性火山岩岩石组合，其时代属古新世—始新世，新创建美苏组。描述了该组的分布、岩性、岩相、古生物及同位素年代特征，讨论了其形成的构造环境。