Neural networks and the separation of cosmic microwave background and astrophysical signals in sky maps

We implement an independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm to separate signals of different origin in sky maps at several frequencies. Owing to its self-organizing capability, it works without prior assumptions on either the frequency dependence or the angular power spectrum of the various signals; rather, it learns directly from the input data how to identify the statistically independent components, on the assumption that all but, at most, one of the components have non-Gaussian distributions.
We have applied the ICA algorithm to simulated patches of the sky at the four frequencies (30, 44, 70 and 100 GHz) used by the Low Frequency Instrument of the European Space Agency's Planck satellite. Simulations include the cosmic microwave background (CMB), the synchrotron and thermal dust emissions, and extragalactic radio sources. The effects of the angular response functions of the detectors and of instrumental noise have been ignored in this first exploratory study. The ICA algorithm reconstructs the spatial distribution of each component with rms errors of about 1 per cent for the CMB, and 10 per cent for the much weaker Galactic components. Radio sources are almost completely recovered down to a flux limit corresponding to ≃0.7 σ _CMB, where σ _CMB is the rms level of the CMB fluctuations. The signal recovered has equal quality on all scales larger than the pixel size. In addition, we show that for the strongest components (CMB and radio sources) the frequency scaling is recovered with per cent precision. Thus, algorithms of the type presented here appear to be very promising tools for component separation. On the other hand, we have been dealing here with a highly idealized situation. Work to include instrumental noise, the effect of different resolving powers at different frequencies and a more complete and realistic characterization of astrophysical foregrounds is in progress.     

Object classification at the Nearby Supernova Factory

We present the results of applying new object classification techniques to the supernova search of the Nearby Supernova Factory. In comparison to simple threshold cuts, more sophisticated methods such as boosted decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines provide dramatically better object discrimination: we reduced the number of nonsupernova candidates by a factor of 10 while increasing our supernova identification efficiency. Methods such as these will be crucial for maintaining a reasonable false positive rate in the automated transient alert pipelines of upcoming large optical surveys. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

涡轮叶片X射线图像超分辨率重建技术

针对涡轮叶片X光无损检测系统精度低的缺点,提出一种X光DR数字图像的分辨率增强方法。该方法采用一组包含相对位移的叶片X光图像,通过一种频率域方法对它们进行亚像素精确配准,然后采用非均匀插值重建出一幅高分辨率图像。实验结果表明该方法具有提高涡轮叶片X光数字图像分辨率的能力,具有良好的应用价值。     

遥感分景数据的剖分索引模型

随着空间技术和对地观测技术的飞速发展,海量遥感影像索引成为目前国内外学术界和应用部门面临的一大难题,地球剖分系统的产生为这一难题的解决开辟了新的途径。本文首先研究了遥感分景数据的特征和EMD全球剖分的特征,然后针对现有遥感影像数据索引方法的不足,提出了基于EMD剖分系统的三种索引模型:基于影像—面片映射关系的索引模型、基于EMD数据模型的索引和剖分数据标识索引模型,从三个不同的方面探讨了解决索引问题的方法和思路。并给出了利用遥感分景数据的剖分索引模型对线状对象和面状对象进行索引应用的实例。遥感分景数据的剖分索引模型的建立为遥感影像数据的高效存储和索引提供了一种有益的新思路。     

结合MapReduce和HBase的遥感图像并行分布式查询

提出了一种可扩展的遥感图像多维度并行查询模式,即利用MapReduce实现海量图像数据金字塔的并行构建,利用HBase实现图像的分布式检索,设计和实现了单张遥感图像金字塔的并行构建方法和图像索引系统。实验结果表明,随着Hadoop和HBase集群的增长,图像数据的导入和检索速度得到明显提升。     

分层信息提取法在县域土地 利用/覆被遥感中的应用

高精度地获取县(或县级市)域土地利用/覆被的定性、定量信息对于维护生态环境和保障我国农村经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。针对2003年冬季所获得的江苏省新沂市的TM图像特点,选择分层信息提取法提取土地利用/覆被信息。首先对图像进行基于最大似然法的监督分类,观察分类结果,提取误分、错分比例最小的未利用地类型,然后采用光谱分析法提取出水体范围、监督分类和目视解译相结合法提取出城镇建设用地和农村居民点、归一化植被指数提取出林地,最后提取出耕地。信息提取结果与同期土地利用图相比较,整个新沂市域范围内土地利用/覆被类型分类的面积精度达到96.17%,空间精度达到88.38%,表明这种方法提取遥感图像土地利用/覆被信息是可行的。     

基于FY3A/MERSI影像的几种常用水体提取方法的比较分析

随着遥感技术的飞速发展,利用遥感数据来进行水资源的监测、调查和分析已经成为一种必然的趋势。通过选取新疆博湖县境内中国最大的内陆淡水湖-博斯腾湖为研究区,FY3A/MERSI影像为数据源,利用监督分类法从Landsat-ETM+影像提取水体,提取结果作为FY3A/MERSI影像水体提取精度验证的底图。采用单波段阈值法、基于阈值的多波段谱间关系法和基于阈值的水体指数法从FY3A/MERSI影像提取研究区水体,基于混淆矩阵法,提取结果分别与Landsat-ETM+影像底图作对比分析,最终得出结论,基于阈值的水体指数法中的归一化差异水体指数法提取研究区水体的总体精度最高,为96.37%,Khat为0.915。     

旅游目的地形象的形成过程与生命周期初探

论述旅游目的地形象形成的 8个阶段 ,并结合南京郊区旅游地的实际情况 ,对目的地形象的推广思路进行分析。从旅游者心理特征出发 ,提出了目的地形象的生命周期问题 ,通过对南京郊区旅游地形象现状的评估 ,认为钟山风景区形象趋于老化 ,面临形象的重新定位。     

Traction image method for irregular free surface boundaries in finite difference seismic wave simulation

In this study, we propose a new numerical method, named as Traction Image method, to accurately and efficiently implement the traction-free boundary conditions in finite difference simulation in the presence of surface topography. In this algorithm, the computational domain is discretized by boundary-conforming grids, in which the irregular surface is transformed into a 'flat' surface in computational space. Thus, the artefact of staircase approximation to arbitrarily irregular surface can be avoided. Such boundary-conforming gridding is equivalent to a curvilinear coordinate system, in which the first-order partial differential velocity-stress equations are numerically updated by an optimized high-order non-staggered finite difference scheme, that is, DRP/opt MacCormack scheme. To satisfy the free surface boundary conditions, we extend the Stress Image method for planar surface to Traction Image method for arbitrarily irregular surface by antisymmetrically setting the values of normal traction on the grid points above the free surface. This Traction Image method can be efficiently implemented. To validate this new method, we perform numerical tests to several complex models by comparing our results with those computed by other independent accurate methods. Although some of the testing examples have extremely sloped topography, all tested results show an excellent agreement between our results and those from the reference solutions, confirming the validity of our method for modelling seismic waves in the heterogeneous media with arbitrary shape topography. Numerical tests also demonstrate the efficiency of this method. We find about 10 grid points per shortest wavelength is enough to maintain the global accuracy of the simulation. Although the current study is for 2-D P-SV problem, it can be easily extended to 3-D problem.     

1993～2003年厦门市湿地动态变化及其驱动因素分析

通过对厦门市1993年TM遥感影像和2003年ETM 遥感影像的解译分析和数据统计,从湿地面积动态变化和湿地消长情况等方面,用单一土地利用动态度等指标对1993~2003年期间厦门市的湿地变化进行了研究。结果表明,1993~2003年期间厦门市天然湿地面积减少了2103hm2,其中有954hm2(滩涂864hm2)转变为非湿地,有1149hm2转变为人工湿地;而人工湿地面积增加了2775hm2,其中养殖场面积从1993年的5778hm2迅猛增加到2003年的9768hm2,年均增长率为6.91%,水库与水塘和盐田则分别减少了961hm2和254hm2。有27.74%、11.41%、9.33%和3.63%的养殖场面积分别是由非湿地、滩涂、盐田和水库与水塘转变而来的;有54.37%的盐田转变成了养殖场,有33.24%、30.24%的红树林转变为非湿地、养殖场,有10.35%、8.64%的滩涂转变为养殖场、非湿地。对社会经济驱动因素的分析表明,经济发展、人口增长和农业生产比较利益因素极大影响着厦门市湿地的动态变化。