An integrable case of a rotational motion analogous to that of Lagrange and Poisson for a gyrostat in a Newtonian force field

The scope of the present paper is to provide analytic solutions to the problem of the attitude evolution of a symmetric gyrostat about a fixed point in a central Newtonian force field when the potential function isV ⁽²⁾.We assume that the center of mass and the gyrostatic moment are on the axis of symmetry and that the initial conditions are the following: (t ₀)=₀, (t ₀)=₀, (t ₀)=(t ₀)=₀, ₁(t ₀)=0, ₂(t ₀)=0 and ₃(t ₀)= ₃ ⁰ .The problem is integrated when the third component of the total angular momentum is different from zero (B ₁ 0). There now appear equilibrium solutions that did not exist in the caseB ₁=0, which can be determined in function of the value ofl ₃ ^r (the third component of the gyrostatic momentum).The possible types of solutions (elliptic, trigonometric, stationary) depend upon the nature of the roots of the functiong(u). The solutions for Euler angles are given in terms of functions of the timet. If we cancel the third component of the gyrostatic momentum (l ₃ ^r =0), the obtained solutions are valid for rigid bodies.     

郑州市大雾气候特点及一次个例分析

为了了解近20 a郑州市大雾的时空变化特征,根据1980-2005年郑州市大雾观测记录,统计分析了这一时期郑州市大雾的变化特点及产生大雾时的气象要素特征;并利用河南省地面和探空观测资料以及NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,从要素场、大气稳定度等方面,对2007年12月25-27日郑州市大雾形成原因进行了分析.结果表明:郑州市年雾日数呈下降趋势,每月都可以出现大雾,但12月最多,6月最少.降水后较大的相对湿度、稳定的大气层结以及近地层较小风速等是大雾形成的必要条件.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: Aerial Photography and Remote Sensing Aerial photography and image interpretation for Resource Management . DAVID P. PAINE . Analytical Models and Techniques Spatial Processes Models and Applications A. D. CLIFF AND J. K. ORD Quantitative and Statistical Approaches to Geography: A Practical Manual JOHN A. MATTHEWS . Cartography and Maps Map Data Processing . HERBERT FREEMAN AND GOFFREDO G. PIERONI , eds. Computer-assisted Cartography: Principles and Prospects, 1982 . MARK S. MONMONIER . Cultural Navajo Architecture: Forms, History, Distributions . STEPHEN C. JETT AND VIRGINIA E . SPENCER . Rational Landscapes and Humanistic Geography . EDWARD RELPH . Economic The Structure and Control of a State Economy . W. L. L'ESPERANCE . Economic Geography . JAMES O. WHEELER AND PETER O. MULLER . The Myth of the Family Farm: Agribusiness Dominance of U.S. Agriculture . INGOLF VOCELER . Libya: The Experience of Oil . J. A. ALLEN . Geography of Public Finance, Welfare Under Fiscal Federalism and local Government Finance . ROBERT BENNETT . Environmental Management, Resources, and Systems Mountains and Man . LARRY W. PRICE . Environmental Geology . DONALD R. COATES . An Introduction to Environmental Systems . G. H. DURY . The Environment: Chinese and American Views . Edited by LAURENCE J. C. MA AND ALLEN G. NOBLE . Land Use in America . RICHARD H. JACKSON . Medical Conceptual and Methodological Issues in Medical Geography . MELINDA S. MEADE (ed.). Philosophy and Geographic Thought Birds in Egg/Eggs in Bird . GUNNAR OLSSON . PhysicaI Climatology: Selected Applications . J. E. OLIVER . Geomorphological Techniques . ANDREW GOUDIE (ed.). Political Politics, Geography and Behaviour . RICHARD MUIR AND RONAN PADDISON . The State of the World Atlas . MICHAEL KIDRON AND RONALD SECAL . Population The Population of the South . DUDLEY L. POSTON , JR . AND ROBERT H. WELLER , eds. Regional Latin America: Economic Development and Regional Differentiation . ARTHUR MORRIS . Developing the Amazon . EMILIO F. MORAN . Western Europe: A Systematic Human Geography . BRIAN W. ILBERY . Settlement Systems in Sparsely Settled Regions: The United States and Australia . RICHARD E. LONSDALEAND JOHN H. HOLMES , eds. African Perspectives: The Economic Geography of Nine African States . HARM DE BUJ AND ESMOND MARTIN , eds. Rural Nonmetropolitan America in Transition . AMOS H. HAWLEY AND SARA MILLS MAZIE , eds. Social Crime and Environment . R. NORMAN DAVIDSON . The Ghetto: Readings with Interpretations . JOE T. DARDEN , ed. Urban Urban Problems and Planning in the Developed World . MICHAEL PACIONE (ed.) Problems and Planning in Third World Cities . Edited by MICHAEL PACIONE . The City in West Europe . D. BURTENSHAW , M. BATEMAN , AND C. J. ASHWORTH .     

工程摄影测量中交向摄影的精度分析

本文从理论上推导了工程摄影测量中交向摄影方式各元素影响物点坐标精度的严密公式,并根据理论分析的结果,采用先进的数码相机和量测相机进行了一定的试验,在仔细分析试验结果的基础上,找出了工程摄影测量中交向摄影最佳的交向角、摄影基线、摄影距离和摄影比例尺等参数,对物点坐标总精度的影响规律。实际作业中,要使最佳交向摄影方式获得最理想的点位精度,所总结出的结论是可行的。     

案例推理的制图综合应用背景与方法

从挖掘和利用经验数据的角度出发,提出了基于案例推理的智能化制图综合方法。首先探讨了基于算法和模型的自动综合实现方式所面临的瓶颈,并提出了采用制图综合案例推理辅助制图综合的思想;然后设计了制图综合专家案例的三元表示方法,以及获取、使用和管理流程;最后对实现该基于案例推理的智能化制图综合方法的五个关键性步骤进行了分析,并深入阐述该方法的原理和可行性,提出了基于案例推理的智能综合辅助系统架构。     

近景摄影测量在宋陵石刻测绘中应用的几个问题

本文论述了在宋陵石刻近景摄影测量中的几个技术问题，并进行了精度估算，实际应用证明这种方法是有效的。     

铁矿床中黑柱石富集特例剖析

黑柱石是一种少见的含钙铁硅酸盐矿物。通过富含黑柱石的青海省双庆铁矿区与仅含少量黑柱石的福建省马坑铁矿区矿床地质特征的对比,认为矿床中黑柱石的产生与中基性火成岩的参与有关;黑柱石的解体与硼的参与有关。     

花岗岩在剪切带中定位机制的几个实例——赴英考察报告节摘

本文介绍了不列颠群岛地质背景和花岗岩在剪切带中定位机制的几个实例,即Donegal、Strantian,Ox山脉花岗岩和Ardnamurchan中心杂岩体。它是作者访英考察报告中的主要部分,也是英国花岗岩及其定位机制的最新成果。对我们了解花岗岩研究的现代水平,具有借鉴作用。     

基岩水与平原水转换关系的地球物理勘查技术探讨

基岩水与平原水转化关系的研究是搞清地表水与地下水转化途径、方式及流量进而进行水资源评价的一个重要内容.本文以河西走廊地区为例,分析了地球物理勘查技术对解决上述问题的可能性,同时结合该地区地质地貌特点,选用了EH-4电导率成像系统、自然电位法技术组合进行了实例勘查,取得了较好的效果,为前人的假说提供了科学依据,也为该内容的研究提供有效的手段.     

Magnitude of latent heat in thermally loaded clays

Temperature changes are known to induce specific couplings in clay, in particular, an anomalously high thermal pressurization in undrained conditions or a thermal compaction in drained conditions, both of which are potential threats for the mechanical stability and sealing capacity of the geomaterials. Thermodynamical analysis of those peculiar thermomechanical couplings points to a potentially important latent energy, which in turn could limit the temperature change upon heating or cooling. The direct measurement of latent energy developed during a laboratory geomechanical test is challenging. Instead, proper identification of thermal hardening in conventional experiments with temperature changes provides an alternative route to estimate latent energy. In this work, existing laboratory thermomechanical tests of clays are analyzed with a rigorous thermodynamic framework to quantify the magnitude of latent energy in thermomechanically loaded clays. A thermodynamically consistent constitutive model for fully saturated clays that combines two key features, (a) the temperature dependence of the blocked energy and (b) the framework of bounding plasticity, is proposed. The performance of the model is validated by reproducing results obtained in laboratory tests for Boom and Opalinus clays. The thermomechanical loads considered to validate the model performance were then used to estimate the percentage of work that remains latent in the clayey material during plastic yielding. We find that the magnitude of latent energy is quite significant, typically a few tens of percent of the total dissipated energy, and increases significantly with temperature. Accordingly, it is expected to play an important role in the thermomechanical response of clays.