空间目标方向关系的定性扩展描述

由于空间问题固有复杂性不确定性，空间关系的描述和推理普遍采用定性方法以符合人们的空间认知行为，方向关系是一类重要的空间关系，用以确写目标的方位，以往的方向关系描述模型通常将空间目标作为一个抽象点，或者用目标的最小外接矩形表示目标，这两种方法都丰在明为不足，为了更细致，准确的描述方向方法，文章提出一种方面关系描述的分层多处理方法,在以点，线，面为参照目标的空间目标间建立方向关系描述的3层模式结构，每层模式又由基本方向关系描述，推理模型和方向关系描述，推理化模型组成，从而扩展了方向关系的描述。     

3-D visualizations of coastal bathymetry by utilization of airborne TOPSAR polarized data

Abstract

Multi-frequency C and L bands in the TOPSAR data have been utilized to reconstruct three-dimensional (3-D) bathymetry pattern. The main objective of this study is to utilize fuzzy arithmetic to reduce the errors arising from speckle in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data when constructing ocean bathymetry from polarized SAR data. In doing so, two 3-D surface models, the Volterra algorithm and a fuzzy B-spline (FBS) algorithm, which construct a global topological structure between the data points, were used to support an approximation to the real surface. Volterra algorithm was used to express the non-linearity of TOPSAR data intensity gradient based on the action balance equation (ABC). In this context, a first-order kernel of Volterra algorithm was used to express ABC equation. The inverse of Volterra algorithm then performed to simulate 2-D current velocities from C_VV and L_HH band. Furthermore, the 2-D continuity equation then used to estimate the water depth. In order to reconstruct 3-D bathymetry pattern, the FBS has been performed to water depth information which was estimated from 2-D continuity equation. The best reconstruction of coastal bathymetry of the test site in Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, was obtained with polarized L and C bands SAR acquired with HH and VV polarizations, respectively. With 10 m spatial resolution of TOPSAR data, bias of –0.004 m, the standard error mean of 0.023 m, r ² value of 0.95, and 90% confidence intervals in depth determination was obtained with L_HH band.     

Auto-detection and integration of tectonically significant lineaments from SRTM DEM and remotely-sensed geophysical data

A set of techniques was developed for automatically detecting tectonic lineaments from multi-source remotely-sensed data at various scales. The techniques include adaptive shading of grid data to enhance linear features, a segment-tracing algorithm to extract line segments from the shaded grid data, grouping of the segments by concatenating short segments, and connecting them by proximity and co-linearity criteria to form a lineament that represents significant tectonic structure. B-spline smoothing was adopted for lineament representation. Finally, a technique for assessing the orientations and styles of faulting (normal, reverse, and strike-slip types) was developed for use in characterizing the extrapolated fracture planes. The applicability of the developed techniques was examined using 30 arc-second topography/bathymetry grids, 1-min gravity anomaly grids, and 2-min total field magnetic intensity grids covering Egypt and its surroundings. Lineaments derived from data types so diverse in composition and from various depths corresponded well with the referenced tectonic features over much of the region. Prominent trends and faulting styles of lineaments provided important clues as to the timing of their development as well as strong support for a structural inheritance model. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of the developed techniques combined with integration of remotely-sensed data in detecting regional fracture systems accurately and in characterizing geodynamics over a long timeframe.     

变密度界面模型重力异常反演的B样条函数法

重力异常反演是一个求解第一类非线性积分方程的问题。当三维界面起伏满足│Δｈ│〈０．４１４ｈ０和二维界面起伏满足－ｈ０〈Δｈ〈０．４１４ｈ０时，积分方程的被积函数可Δｈ的级级数形式。     

构造高阶B-样条正交小波的一个递推算法

Ｂ－样条正交小波在信号分析方面有着重要的应用。由于Ｂ－样条正交小波随着阶次的升高将导致频域内支集缩小，因而分辨信号不同频率成分的能力将大大增强。因此，研究高阶Ｂ－样条正交小波的简便构造方法很有实际意义。本文独立地给出了一个构造高阶Ｂ－样条正交小波的适于计算机数值计算的递推算法，并给出了构造１１阶以下Ｂ－样条正交小波所需的系数，以供读者利用。同时还给出了一个在频域内计算脉冲响应系数的简便方法。     

领域知识辅助下基于多尺度与主方向纹理的遥感影像土地利用分类

基于灰度共生矩阵(GLCM)的纹理特征在影像空间分析中具有重要作用,提出了一种在领域空间知识辅助下构建GLCM多尺度窗口与主方向权值的方法,从而提高纹理特征的有效性,并解决影像土地利用分类中存在的不确定性问题。为此,根据人类目视解译的特点,对GIS与RS数据进行集成计算:首先,在图像配准的基础上,利用经典的GIS空间数据挖掘算法,渐近式地提取领域形态知识;接着,采用关联分析法建立其与GLCM构造因子之间的响应机制,并设计了基于地类形状指数的多尺度窗口建立算法,以及基于地类主方向分布指数的方向权值测度算法。试验结果表明,领域形态知识与GLCM空间因子之间具有强相关关系,该方法提取出的纹理特征可以描述复杂地物的空间意义,算法复杂度低,性能优越,有效提高了影像土地利用分类的精度。     

三对角、五对角对称Toeplitz矩阵的解析逆阵

给出了全球重力场数据插值处理中常用的三对角、五对角对称Toeplitz矩阵逆元素的解析计算表达式。它避免了逆矩阵计算中需要调用三角函数的缺陷，只需要进行简单的幂次运算，从而大大提高了计算速度，为等距B-样条插值等应用领域拓展了算法，具有潜在的实用意义。     

Isobathymetric Line Simplification with Conflict Removal Based on a B-spline Snake Model

This paper introduces a new method for the smoothing of isobathymetric lines for marine chart construction. Specific constraints have to be observed as the chart must be legible and safe for navigation. The method, based on a snake model, respects these constraints of legibility and safety which impose a direction for curve deformation. Conflicts such as self-intersections are also considered. These two points are the main contributions of the paper as current methods cannot deal with such constraints. Several case studies are presented and results obtained on real data are discussed.     

对流扩散方程欧拉──拉格朗日方法的B─样条插值格式

利用Ｂ－样条函数．文中发展了一个对流扩散方程欧拉－拉格朗日方法的插值格式．改善了其数值频散性。算例表明，此格式优于一次和二次插值格式。文中给出了Ｂ－样条插值格式的二维及三维推广。     

An inverse hull design approach in minimizing the ship wave

The Levenberg–Marquardt Method (LMM) and a panel code for solving the wave-making problem are utilized in an inverse hull design problem for minimizing the wave of ships. A typical catamaran is selected as the example ship for the present study. The hull form of the catamaran is described by the B-spline surface method so that the shape of the hull can be completely specified using only a small number of parameters (i.e. control points). The technique of parameter estimation for the inverse design problem is thus chosen. The LMM of parameter estimation, which is the combination of steepest descent and Newton’s methods, has been proven to be a powerful tool for the inverse shape design problem. For this reason it is adopted in the present study.In the present studies, the inverse hull design method can not only be applied to estimate the hull form based on the known wave data of the target ship but can also be applied to estimate the unknown hull form based on the reduced wave height. The optimal hull forms of minimizing wave for a typical catamaran in deep water at service speed and at the critical speed of shallow water are estimated, respectively. Moreover, a new hull form with the combining feature of the optimal hull forms for deep water and shallow water is performing well under both conditions. The numerical simulation indicates that the hull form designed by inverse hull design method can reduce the ship wave significantly in comparison with the original hull form.