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71.
温差对泉州四至井水氡测值的影响分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
温度变化是影响水氡观测值的主要因素之一.通过1986-2009年泉州台四至井观测数据资料的分析,说明:调整观测室室内温度使其超过采集水样的原始温度,在运输水样过程中对水样采取保温措施,减小取样水温和鼓泡后水温的温差,能够得到更真实、准确的观测值. 相似文献
72.
Diffusive equilibrium in thin films provides evidence of suppression of hyporheic exchange and large‐scale nitrate transformation in a groundwater‐fed river 下载免费PDF全文
P. Byrne H. Zhang S. Ullah A. Binley A.L. Heathwaite C.M. Heppell K. Lansdown M. Trimmer 《水文研究》2015,29(6):1385-1396
The hyporheic zone of riverbed sediments has the potential to attenuate nitrate from upwelling, polluted groundwater. However, the coarse‐scale (5–10 cm) measurement of nitrogen biogeochemistry in the hyporheic zone can often mask fine‐scale (<1 cm) biogeochemical patterns, especially in near‐surface sediments, leading to incomplete or inaccurate representation of the capacity of the hyporheic zone to transform upwelling NO3?. In this study, we utilised diffusive equilibrium in thin‐films samplers to capture high resolution (cm‐scale) vertical concentration profiles of NO3?, SO42?, Fe and Mn in the upper 15 cm of armoured and permeable riverbed sediments. The goal was to test whether nitrate attenuation was occurring in a sub‐reach characterised by strong vertical (upwelling) water fluxes. The vertical concentration profiles obtained from diffusive equilibrium in thin‐films samplers indicate considerable cm‐scale variability in NO3? (4.4 ± 2.9 mg N/L), SO42? (9.9 ± 3.1 mg/l) and dissolved Fe (1.6 ± 2.1 mg/l) and Mn (0.2 ± 0.2 mg/l). However, the overall trend suggests the absence of substantial net chemical transformations and surface‐subsurface water mixing in the shallow sediments of our sub‐reach under baseflow conditions. The significance of this is that upwelling NO3?‐rich groundwater does not appear to be attenuated in the riverbed sediments at <15 cm depth as might occur where hyporheic exchange flows deliver organic matter to the sediments for metabolic processes. It would appear that the chemical patterns observed in the shallow sediments of our sub‐reach are not controlled exclusively by redox processes and/or hyporheic exchange flows. Deeper‐seated groundwater fluxes and hydro‐stratigraphy may be additional important drivers of chemical patterns in the shallow sediments of our study sub‐reach. © 2015 The Authors. Hydrological Processes Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. 相似文献
73.
通过分别开展包裹碎石桩加固、碎石桩加固以及未加固的饱和砂土液化振动台试验,对比分析不同加固类型下的抗液化性能,重点剖析包裹碎石桩加固的砂土液化机理。试验表明:振动加载过程中,包裹碎石桩始终保持桩体的完整性与良好的排水性能且其加固模型地基的总沉降量相较于未加固模型地基减少了50%,相较于碎石桩加固模型地基减少了31.8%。包裹碎石桩加固模型排出水量较未加固模型地基提高了33.3%,较碎石桩加固模型地基提高了16.6%;包裹碎石桩加固模型地基的超静孔压值下降显著且地基下层砂土出现未液化的现象;并进一步发现包裹碎石桩的排水加固作用沿土层竖向深度呈递增趋势。因此,可以发现包裹碎石桩加固砂土液化的抗震性能优于碎石桩。 相似文献
74.
Robert E. Reed David A. Dickey JoAnn M. Burkholder Carol A. Kinder Cavell Brownie 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008
Water level time series records from the Neuse and Pamlico River Estuaries were statistically compared to local and distant wind field data, water level records within the Pamlico Sound and also coastal ocean sites to determine the relative contribution of each time series to water levels in the Neuse and Pamlico Estuaries. The objectives of this study were to examine these time series data using various statistical methods (i.e. autoregressive, empirical orthogonal function analysis (EOF), exploratory data analysis (EDA)) to determine short- and long-time-scale variability, and to develop predictive statistical models that can be used to estimate past water level fluctuations in both the Neuse Estuary (NE) and Pamlico Estuary (PE). Short- and long-time-scale similarities were observed in all time series of estuarine, Pamlico Sound and subtidal coastal ocean water level and wind component data, due to events (nor'easters, fronts and tropical systems) and seasonality. Empirical orthogonal function analyses revealed a strong coastal ocean and wind field contribution to water level in the NE and PE. Approximately 95% of the variation was captured in the first two EOF components for water level data from the NE, sound and coastal ocean, and 70% for the PE, sound and coastal ocean. Spectral density plots revealed strong diurnal signals in both wind and water level data, and a strong cross correlation and coherency between the NE water level and the North/South wind component. There was good agreement between data and predictions using autoregressive statistical models for the NE (R2 = 0.92) and PE (R2 = 0.76). These methods also revealed significant autoregressive lags for the NE (days 1 and 3) and for the PE (days 1, 2 and 3). Significant departures from predictions are attributed to local meteorological and hydrological events. The autoregressive techniques showed significant predictive improvement over ordinary least squares methods. The results are considered within the context of providing long time-scale hindcast data for the two estuaries, and the importance of these data for multidisciplinary researchers and managers. 相似文献
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利用石羊河流域1959—2018年气象、水文和卫星遥感资料,采用线性倾向率、滑动t检验和相关系数(Pearson)等方法,分析石羊河流域内生态环境因素的变化事实及相互关系,得到气候变化对流域生态环境的影响程度。结果表明:石羊河流域气温呈显著上升趋势,增温速度为下游0.42℃·(10 a)-1>中游0.36℃·(10 a)-1>上游0.35℃·(10 a)-1,近10 a增温最显著,较20世纪60年升高了1.67℃。四季气温均呈显著上升趋势,增温速度为冬季>秋季>春季>夏季。降水呈缓慢增加趋势,增幅为上游8.3 mm·(10 a)-1>中游7.0 mm·(10 a)-1>下游4.1 mm·(10 a)-1,近10 a增加最显著,较20世纪60年代增加了17%。四季降水呈弱增加趋势,增加幅度为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季。河流流量基本持平,植被覆盖面积和归一化植被指数(NDVI)显著增大。近20 a流域气候... 相似文献
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79.
南海北部海区水团的判别分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将判别分析应用于南海北部海区的水团分析。划分为八个水团:沿岸冲淡水团(F),近岸混合水团(M),暖表层水团(WS),表层水团(S),表—次层混合水团(SU),次层水团(U),次—中层混合水团(UI)和中层水团(I)。给出了各水团在四季代表月的Bayes多组判别的系数和参数。用资料检验判别的成效.冬季和春季可达95.90%以上,夏季为94.80%,秋季是全年最低值,为92.72%。讨论了造成错判的原因,并与Fisher判别作了比较。当测值维数较低时,建议选用Bayes判别。对八个水团以及各水团两两之间差异的显著性进行了检验,证实在每个季节中各水团之间的差异,都在高度置信水平(α=0.01)上具有显著性。因而,划分为八个水团是有实际意义的,其判别式的系数和参数,可用于实际的判别和预报。 相似文献
80.
本文报道了一种新型含芘氨基酸衍生物-L-[4-(1-芘基)]丁酰基苯丙氨酸(缩写为PLT),通过对PLT与离子结合前后其二聚体/单体荧光发射峰强度比的检测表明该衍生物对水中的重金属离子Cd^2+和Pb^2+表现出了极强的识别性能,而对水中所存在的其它离子则具有完全不同的响应特性. 相似文献