Improvement of calcareous expansive soils in semi-arid environments

The semi-arid climate and geology of Cyprus have caused the formation of calcareous expansive soils on the island. In some areas, swelling has caused serious foundation problems. The industrial by-product Soma fly ash has been used to improve the engineering properties of the soil. Fly ash treatment has shown tremendous potential as an economical method for the stabilization of the soil. Significant reduction in the swell potential and an increase in the hydraulic conductivity values are obtained. Use of fly ash with a small percentage of lime produces even more dramatic results. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) values substantiate the formation of the new pozzolanic reaction minerals which result in more stable silt-sand like structures.     

抚州市泥质粉砂岩全风化工程性质研究

泥质粉砂岩全风化工程性质在有关规范中均未进行定量评价，这给工程技术人员带来困难与不便。本文根据抚州市工程实测资料，评价了软质岩石全风化工程性质，提出确定承载力的方法及承载力的取值。     

钙质土力学性质研究现状与进展

概述了钙质土的成因，在世界范围内的分布及一般性质，综述了国内外对钙质土静、动力学性质研究持现状与进展，得到有关结论并提出今后应加强研究的方向。     

Age model, physical properties and paleoceanographic implications of the middle Pleistocene core sediments in the Choshi area, central Japan

Abstract   A continuous, well-preserved core was obtained from the Choshi area, on the Pacific side of Japan, to investigate paleoceanographic and paleoclimatic changes around the northwestern Pacific region during the middle Pleistocene. Siliciclastic sequences in the core are divided into five formations – the Obama, Yokone, Kurahashi and Toyosato Formations in the Inubo Group and the Katori Formation, in ascending order. Examination of calcareous nannofossils and magnetic polarities detected four datums in the core sediments of the Inubo Group: the top of Reticulofenestra asanoi , the base of Helicosphaera inversa , the top of Pseudoemiliania lacunosa and the Brunhes–Matuyama boundary. Fourteen marine isotope stages (MIS24–MIS11) were identified in the δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records based on detected datums and the graphic correlation with the standard stack oxygen isotope curve. Magnetic susceptibility and gamma-ray attenuation porosity evaluator density were also measured and low values characterize the glacial intervals. Biogenic sedimentation by primary production may be larger during the glacial periods because of invasions of nutrient-rich northern surface-waters related to the southward shift of the Kuroshio front in the Choshi area.     

Floral changes in calcareous nannofossils and their paleoceanographic significance in the equatorial Pacific Ocean during the last 500 000 years

Abstract   The late Quaternary calcareous nannofossil assemblages from Ocean Drilling Program Holes 807A and 846B, located in the western and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean, respectively, were analyzed to clarify changes in surface-water conditions during the last 500 000 years. The uppermost Quaternary sediments in both holes contain abundant nannofossils, and their assemblages are characterized by high species diversity. The absolute abundances of coccoliths (specimens/g) and relative numbers of small reticulofenestrids decreased drastically in both holes between 0.3 and 0.2 Ma, whereas the relative abundance of warm-water species and Florisphaera profunda increased suddenly at this time. These data indicate that upwelling around the western and eastern equatorial Pacific regions weakened after 0.2 Ma, which was caused by a decrease in trade-wind strength.     

中国西北地区第四纪盐湖沉积中钙质超微化石的发现及其古环境意义

报导了中国西北地区的甘肃、青海、新疆等地陆相第四纪盐湖沉积中发现的钙质超微化石,它们主要是：Ｇｅｐｈｙｒｏｃａｐｓａｏｃｅａｎｉｃａ,Ｃｏｃｏｌｉｔｈｕｓｐｅｌａｇｉｃｕｓ,Ｃａｌｃｉｄｉｓｃｕｓｌｅｐｔｏｐｏｒｕｓ,Ｃ．ｍａｃｉｎｔｙｒｅｉ,Ｒｅｔｉｃｕｌｏｆｅｎｅｓｔｒａｍｉｎｕｔｕｌａ等。上述钙质超微化石群具有以下特征：（１）化石丰度中等,属、种分异度低,化石保存差;（２）赋存化石的层位均为富含石膏盐层的微咸水咸水的沉积物,或为盐湖沉积;（３）产出化石地点远距该地质时期时的古海岸线。它们与古海域既无通道相连,亦非残留海。中国西北地区盐湖沉积中钙质超微化石的发现说明了中国东部地区第三纪沙河街组某些层位中的钙质超微化石不能作为“海相生物”的标志,否定了这些化石层位与“海侵”或“海泛”的关联。     

Heterogeneous aquitard properties in sedimentary successions in the Apennine chain: case studies in southern Italy

The aim of this study was to analyse the hydrogeologic role of siliciclastic deposits and marly‐clayey‐calcareous successions within the carbonate Apennine chain (southern Italy). The study was carried out along the northern part of the Matese carbonate massif through (1) the hydraulic characterization of siliciclastic rocks in a test site, by means of Lugeon tests, and (2) the identification of the groundwater flow system discharging at an important spring located within a marly‐clayey‐calcareous succession in a second test site, by means of isotopic investigations. The results showed that the investigated siliciclastic deposits and marly‐clayey‐calcareous successions may allow significant groundwater discharge from carbonate aquifers. Thus, they do not everywhere behave as aquitard, contrary to the previous model. Instead, groundwater flows through the upper part of these successions, where stress release fracturing enhanced rock permeability in the near‐surface bedrock. Thus, these successions may locally be a new groundwater source within the southern Apennine chain. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

西太平洋富钴结壳超微化石与分子化石地层划分及对比

对具典型三层构造的西太平洋海山群富钴结壳样品进行了钙质超微化石地层学研究,获取了富钴结壳从内层致密层、中间疏松层到外层较致密层的生长时代:CM1D03为晚古新世-早始新世、始新世中期、中中新世-更新世;CM3D06分为晚古新世-早始新世、中始新世-晚中新世、上新世-更新世。对富钴结壳壳层的甾烷系列分子(C27、C28、C29)进行了检测并计算了相对含量,结果表明,两块富钴结壳的甾烷分布构型在结壳生长时代上具有一致性:晚古新世-早始新世,呈反"L"型分布;中始新世呈C27优势的"V"型分布;中新世-更新世呈C29优势的"V"型分布。甾烷分布构型的变化与古海洋环境演化造成的海底甾烷输入波动有关,具有一定的时代特征钙质超微化石和分子化石地层学划分方法在富钴结壳层主要生长时代及生长间断的界定上具有一致性,可以用于富钴结壳的地层划分和对比。     

钙质砂一维蠕变分形破碎特性宏微观试验研究

钙质砂是远洋地区港口、机场和民用建筑等构筑物的天然地基材料。通过钙质砂一维压缩蠕变试验和微观结构测试,发现了蠕变前后表面孔隙面积减小且呈分散分布的规律以及试验过程中试样瞬时变形、快速变形和衰减变形特征与粒径的高度相关性;利用基于分形理论改进的相对颗粒破碎率和质量分形维数描述了蠕变前后颗粒破碎程度,得到了分形维数和蠕变与时间的衰减形态曲线关系以及宏观质量分形维数和微观表面分形维数的线性关系,并在此基础上对单一粒径组钙质砂蠕变过程中的分形破碎行为进行了多尺度分析和宏微观跨尺度关联性研究,获得了蠕变过程中颗粒破碎发展以及微观孔隙变化规律,证明了钙质砂蠕变过程中的颗粒重组排列、破碎和研磨行为,揭示了钙质砂蠕变机制。     

含橡胶纤维钙质砂的渗透和固结特性试验研究

珊瑚岛礁常年处于复杂的海洋动力环境中,岛上堤坝围堰、基坑等构筑物的地基渗透变形甚至破坏会导致地基承载力失效的可能性变高。为探究橡胶纤维固化钙质砂的渗透特性和固结特性,采用常水头渗透试验和固结试验研究不同纤维含量下钙质砂的渗透规律和固结变形规律,并设置含纤维玻璃珠对照组。钙质砂具有颗粒形状极不规则、多棱角、内孔隙多等特点,为进一步研究颗粒形状的影响,采用高速动态图像粒度分析仪对钙质砂和玻璃珠的颗粒形状和粒径进行分析。试验结果表明,纤维含量对钙质砂试样渗透特性几乎无影响,但是含纤维玻璃珠试样中,随着纤维含量的增加,渗透系数先增加后减小。由于形状不规则橡胶纤维的加入,一定程度上填补了钙质砂之间的孔隙;钙质砂试样存在 800 kPa 的压力阈值,当压力超过800 kPa后,其压缩模量增幅变缓;不同纤维含量试样的e-lg p曲线可以用Harris模型表示,钙质砂组的材料系数 C= 5,玻璃珠组材料系数C= 3,此外,材料参数a、b与纤维含量有较好的线性关系。提出了合理的预测模型指导地基加固,具有十分重要的理论价值与工程实际意义。