南岭中段诸广山南体燕山早期花岗岩地球化学特征及其形成的构造环境分析

诸广山南体为一复式岩基,形成于加里东期、印支期和燕山早期3个时代。本文着重讨论燕山早期主体花岗岩,即中侏罗世三江口序列。该序列由5个岩石单元组成,岩石类型为角闪石黑云母二长花岗岩—黑云母二长花岗岩—二云母二长花岗岩。较早次单元中富含镁铁质微粒包体,经包体岩相学研究,花岗岩浆具壳幔混合成因。SiO2平均含量从早次68.95%向末次76.30%逐渐增加;全碱较高,Na2O K2O在7.11%～8.24%,平均为7.73%,且K2O>Na2O;ASI值平均为1.05(0.92～1.19),岩石为镁质-铁质,准铝质-过铝质,高钾钙碱性岩系。ΣREE含量中等,平均为213μg/g,为轻稀土富集型,铕亏损程度较大;具Ba、Nb、Sr、P、Ti、Eu、Ba负异常和Rb、U、Th、Nd、Zr、Sm、Y正异常,反映陆内构造-岩浆环境。ISr值为0.7115～0.72466,εNd(t)值平均为-10.97(-10.0～-12.6),t2DM平均为1.84Ga(1.75～2.0Ga),与南岭中生代花岗岩平均值(1.7～1.8Ga)相近,反映成岩物质主要来源于中元古代地壳。多种氧化物与微量元素构造环境判别图解显示,三江口序列花岗岩形成于挤压造山向非造山转换的后造山拉张环境,同时也表明南岭乃至华南地区燕山早期构造环境为后造山而不是陆内裂谷。     

湘东北早中生代花岗闪长岩地球化学特征及其构造意义

湘东北早中生代花岗闪长岩 (约 16 5Ma)SiO2 =6 5 .4 %～ 6 9.6 5 % ,K2 O +Na2 O =6 .0 %～ 7.17% ,K2 O≈Na2 O ,A/NKC =0 .96～ 1.13,为弱过铝质钙碱性岩石。该花岗闪长岩 (La/Yb) CN=12 .75～ 37.5 0 ,(Gd/Yb) CN =1.2 8～ 2 .90 ,Eu/Eu =0 .6 2～ 0 .90 ,以富集LILE和亏损Nb Ta、Ti、P为特征。初始87Sr/ 86Sr =0 .7114 5 8～ 0 .7174 6 1,εNd=- 9.0～ - 12 .3,其同位素组成明显有别于被认为其成因与地幔派生岩浆有关的湘东南高钾花岗闪长质岩石。暗示湘东北早中生代花岗闪长岩可能是在华南早中生代伸展构造背景下中 /下地壳物质深熔作用的产物。湘东北早中生代代表性花岗闪长质岩石不能与湘东南同期花岗闪长质岩石一起构成一条连续的高εNd、低TDM钾质岩石带。     

安徽铜陵凤凰山燕山期中酸性侵入岩地球化学特征及其与金属成矿关系

安徽铜陵凤凰山铜矿是铜陵矿集区内最典型的矽卡岩型铜矿床之一,也是凤凰山矿田内规模最大的铜矿床。矿区内新屋里岩体属于高钾钙碱性系列,主要岩性为石英二长闪长岩和花岗闪长岩。岩石地球化学特征表明凤凰山中酸性侵入岩岩浆属于壳幔混合型,原始岩浆来源于上地幔碱性玄武岩区并有地壳物质混染,在岩浆不断演化过程中有外来物质的加入,成岩过程以混合作用为主。凤凰山铜矿体分布于岩体与大理岩的内矽卡岩带上,岩体中铜含量较高。铜矿体是岩浆期后热液交代碳酸盐地层形成的。矿体的空间分布受构造变形-岩浆侵入高温高压作用的双重控制。矿化经历了从高温矽卡岩阶段到中低温热液阶段的多期次复合成矿作用。     

西天山阿吾拉勒西段早二叠世粗安岩年代学和地球化学特征

阿吾拉勒构造岩浆带(ATMB)是西天山重要的Fe-Cu多金属矿带,尤其阿吾拉勒西段多见Cu矿床/矿点,但对该地区二叠纪的地球动力学背景和成矿环境的认识还存在分歧。本文在阿吾拉勒西段群吉萨依地区乌郎组火山岩的下部发现了中高钾钙碱性粗安岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年显示该粗安岩的206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为300±11 Ma。群吉萨依粗安岩富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(LILE,如Rb、Ba、K),重稀土元素(HREE)配分平坦,具有Nb、Ta、Ti的强烈亏损,同时Nd同位素相对亏损,εNd(t)=+4. 5～+4. 9,Nd同位素模式年龄(tDM)为808～765 Ma,具有受俯冲流体交代的地幔岩浆源区特征。群吉萨依粗安岩与中亚造山带北部出露的大量花岗岩具有相似的较为年轻的tDM年龄,与研究区内酸性岩具有相似的同位素地球化学特征,岩浆很可能来源于新生玄武质下地壳的部分熔融。西天山在早二叠世已经进入后碰撞演化阶段,很可能在北天山洋岩石圈南向俯冲的地球动力学背景下,俯冲板片尾部发生断离,软流圈上涌,触发新生玄武质下地壳发生部分熔融,引发具有岛弧特征的高钾钙碱性粗安岩岩浆的喷发,从而形成群吉萨依粗安岩,其为造山过程演化到最后阶段的标志,此时构造体制也相应地由俯冲挤压转换为伸展拉张背景。     

东天山哈尔里克山区二叠纪高钾钙碱性花岗岩成因及地质意义

本文从岩石学、地球化学和同位素等方面讨论东天山克拉麦里-哈尔里克岛弧东段八大石和小铺东两个岩体的特征和成因。八大石岩体和小铺东岩体主要为二长花岗岩,SiO₂含量分别为61.92%~74.40%和69.17%~74.92%,K₂O+Na₂O的含量分别为6.50%~8.32%和7.74%~8.14%,绝大部分岩石具有高钾钙碱性花岗岩特征;∑REE分别为105×10^-6~210×10^-6和100×10^-6~172×10^-6,(La/Yb)_CN分别为4.1~8.9和9.1~15.3,配分模式右倾,δEu分别为0.40~0.93和0.59~0.80,为中-低负异常;两个岩体均富Rb、Ba等大离子亲石元素和Th、U、Hf、Zr等高场强元素,而贫Ta、Nb、Sr、Ti等。通过LA-ICP-MS分析得到八大石岩体中锆石²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U加权平均年龄为298±2Ma,表明岩体形成于早二叠纪,计算得到八大石和小铺东岩体的模式年龄t_DM分别为944Ma和648Ma;八大石和小铺东岩体的ε_Nd(t)u分别为+3.06和+4.47,(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i分别为0.70475和0.70384,表现出高ε_Nd(t)u 低(⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) _i。综上所述,认为哈尔里克高钾钙碱性花岗岩可能为碰撞后挤压-伸展转折阶段的产物,主要由来自新生地壳的中钾钙碱性岩浆经过结晶分异作用而成。     

北天山四棵树花岗岩体锆石U-Pb年代学及地质意义

四棵树岩体位于北天山缝合带中,是侵入依连哈比尔尕岛弧带中最大的一个花岗岩体,具有"钉合岩体"的构造意义。组成该岩体的岩石类型较多,大体上可分为3个侵入期次,依次为石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩、花岗斑岩;其中第二侵入期次构成了该岩体的主体。岩石SiO2含量为57.85%~74.28%,K2O含量为1.95%~5.25%,Na2O含量为3.00%~4.50%,整体表现为高K、Ca碱性特征。∑REE=113.91×10-6~169.47×10-6,(La/Sm)N为1.77~3.16,(Gd/Yb)N为1.33~2.12,(La/Yb)N为3.41~5.64,δEu为0.37~0.82,表现为轻稀土元素富集的右倾型特征;岩石具有Nb、Ta、Eu的亏损以及Th、Zr、Hf相对富集。通过形成环境判别,第一期石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩大部投在火山弧环境,板块碰撞前—后碰撞隆起阶段;第二期二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩大部投在后碰撞阶段;第三期花岗斑岩主要投在晚造山阶段。通过LA-ICP-MS对该岩体中石英闪长岩、二长花岗岩和钾长花岗岩进行较为系统的锆石U-Pb测年,得出其加权平均年龄分别为(324.1±4.3)Ma、(314.9±4.1)Ma、(311.5±3.9)Ma。结合前人得出的巴音沟蛇绿岩中辉长岩的(344±3.4)Ma年龄,可初步得出北天山缝合带的形成时代应该为344~311.5Ma,碰撞造山作用主要发生在324~311Ma,随后进入后碰撞伸展阶段,而四棵树岩体3期侵入岩可能分别代表了北天山造山带俯冲汇聚-碰撞-陆内造山各阶段构造-岩浆作用的产物。     

内蒙古二连浩特——阿巴嘎旗北部宝力高庙组火山岩特征及构造背景

通过对宝力高庙组火山岩的基本特征、岩石地球化学特征的系统研究,探讨了火山岩构造环境及构造背景.认为该组火山岩为钙碱性岩石系列,形成于挤压背景控制之下的同造山环境,形成背景为晚石炭纪强烈的弧-弧汇聚后碰撞造山过程中.由于西早东晚的剪刀式斜向汇聚作用,在北西-南东向的主压应力下,产生了北东向走滑断裂构造系统,为火山岩的形成提供了上升的通道和空间,在造山晚期伸展构造体制下产生了强烈的火山喷发.     

东南亚加里曼丹新生代金成矿作用及成矿动力学

对加里曼丹岛区域地质背景、金成矿作用与新生代岩浆弧关系研究认为,该区浅成低温热液金矿床与新生代岩浆弧内晚渐新世—中中新世钙碱性岩浆活动存在着密切的时空及成因联系。其动力学机制为,始新世—中新世期间印度—澳大利亚板块向欧亚板块俯冲引起的地幔物质向南东方向的流动导致早渐新世亚洲边缘发生裂解,裂解作用又导致南中国海板块向加里曼丹岛北缘俯冲。俯冲过程中加里曼丹岛北缘在晚渐新世—中中新世发生大规模的构造岩浆活动及浅成低温热液金成矿作用。成岩成矿作用是在总体挤压背景体制下的局部拉张环境下进行的。     

Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of ultrapotassic microgranitoid enclaves in Late Triassic arc granitoids,Qinling orogen,central China

The origin of microgranitoid enclaves in granitic plutons has long been debated (hybrid magma blobs vs. refractory restites or cognate fragments). This article presents detailed petrography, SHRIMP zircon U–Pb chronology, bulk-rock major and trace element analyses, and Sr–Nd isotope and in situ zircon Hf isotopic geochemistry for microgranitoid enclaves within two Late Triassic granitic plutons in the Qinling orogen. Zircon U–Pb dating shows that the enclaves formed during the Carnian (222.5 ± 2.1 to 220.7 ± 1.9 Ma) coeval with their host granitoids (220.0 ± 2.0 to 218.7 ± 2.4 Ma). Field and petrological observations (e.g. double enclaves, xenocrysts, acicular apatite, and poikilitic K-feldspar or quartz) suggest that the enclaves are globules of a mantle-derived more mafic magma that was injected into and mingled with the host magma. The enclaves are mainly ultrapotassic, distinct from the host granitoids that have high-K calc-alkaline bulk-rock compositions. Although the enclaves have closely similar bulk-rock Sr–Nd isotope [initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr?=?0.7046–0.7056, ?_Nd (T)?=?–0.3 to –5.0] and in situ zircon Hf isotope [?_Hf (T)?=?–1.5 to?+2.9] ratios as the granitoids [initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr?=?0.7042–0.7059, ?_Nd (T)?=?–0.6 to –6.3, ?_Hf (T)?=?–2.2 to?+1.6], chemical relationships including very different bulk-rock compositions at a given SiO₂ content lead us to interpret the isotopic similarities as reflecting similar but separate isotopic source rocks. Detailed elemental and isotopic data suggest that the enclaves and the host granitoids were emplaced in a continental arc environment coupled with northward subduction of the Palaeo-Tethyan oceanic crust. Partial melting of subducted sediments triggered by dehydration of the underlying igneous oceanic crust, with melts interacting with the overlying mantle wedge, formed high-K calc-alkaline granitic magmas, whereas partial melting of diapiric phlogopite-pyroxenites, solidified products of the same subducting sediment-derived melts, generated ultrapotassic magmas of the microgranitoid enclaves. Our new data further confirm that in the Late Triassic time the Qinling terrane was an active continental margin rather than a post-collisional regime, giving new insights into the tectonic evolution of this orogen.     

Petrogenesis of post – orogenic Lower Permian andesites in southern Europe: insights into the collapse of the Variscan range

In the post-Variscan Early Permian deposits of southwestern Europe, andesites belong to successions characterized by the constant occurrence of a basal rhyolite ignimbrite, followed by andesites, and by abundant dacite-rhyodacite products, interbedded with lacustrine sediments. The subalkaline andesite to K-andesite volcanism developed within intramontane basins following the collapse of the Variscan orogen. The compositional features, including trace element ratios and initial Sr (and Nd) of post-Variscan intermediate products allow excluding continental or island arc settings. The andesite composition of Lower Permian lavas was reproduced starting from two potential primary magmas: picrobasaltic and enriched MORB compositions. In particular, the picrobasalt was modified, by adding incremental amounts of a felsic granulite, from the lower continental crust. Mixing and fractional crystallization (MFC) were modelled by the MELTS software in a closed system under isobaric, isenthalpic conditions (P = 0.3 GPa). The computed residual liquid evolves to match closely the composition of Lower Permian andesite lavas after ~34 % crystallization by adding ~27 % of contaminant to the parental magma.