利用LiDAR点云提取有地形约束的光滑海岸线

针对传统海岸线提取算法误差大、在地形突变区域形变大的缺点,提出了一种基于离散LiDAR点云提取有地形约束海岸线的方法.首先,通过离散点云构建约束三角网,减少内插规则格网的误差并且保证海岸线不穿越地形结构;其次,进行顾及地形结构的点云高程修正,在数据源上缓解海岸线的平滑问题;最后采取二次多项式法消除毛刺,利用动态阈值张力样条函数内插生成光滑海岸线.     

Study of water tension differences in heterogeneous sandy soils using surface ERT

Herbaceous vegetation in the Sahel grows almost exclusively on sandy soils which preferentially retain water through infiltration and storage. The hydrological functioning of these sandy soils during rain cycles is unknown. One way to tackle this issue is to spatialize variations in water content but these are difficult to measure in the vadose zone. We investigated the use of Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) as a technique for spatializing resistivity in a non-destructive manner in order to improve our knowledge of relevant hydrological processes. To achieve this, two approaches were examined. First, we focused on a possible link between water tension (which is much easier to measure in the field by point measurements than water content), and resistivity (spatialized with ERT). Second, because ERT is affected by solution non-uniqueness and reconstruction smoothing, we improved the accuracy of ERT inversion by comparing calculated solutions with in-situ resistivity measurements. We studied a natural microdune during a controlled field experiment with artificial sprinkling which reproduced typical rainfall cycles. We recorded temperature, water tension and resistivity within the microdune and applied surface ERT before and after the 3 rainfall cycles. Soil samples were collected after the experiment to determine soil physical characteristics. An experimental relationship between water tension and water content was also investigated. Our results showed that the raw relationship between calculated ERT resistivity and water tension measurements in sand is highly scattered because of significant spatial variations in porosity. An improved correlation was achieved by using resistivity ratio and water tension differences. The slope of the relationship depends on the soil solution conductivity, as predicted by Archie's law when salted water was used for the rain simulation. We found that determining the variations in electrical resistivity is a sensitive method for spatializing the differences in water tension which are directly linked with infiltration and evaporation/drainage processes in the vadose zone. However, three factors complicate the use of this approach. Firstly, the relation between water tension and water content is generally non-linear and dependent on the water content range. This could limit the use of our site-specific relations for spatializing water content with ERT through tension. Secondly, to achieve the necessary optimization of ERT inversion, we used destructive resistivity measurements in the soil, which renders ERT less attractive. Thirdly, we found that the calculated resistivity is not always accurate because of the smoothing involved in surface ERT data inversion. We conclude that further developments are needed into ERT image reconstruction before water tension (and water content) can be spatialized in heterogeneous sandy soils with the accuracy needed to routinely study their hydrological functioning.     

Separation of up-going and down-going wave fields of vertical cable data

The vertical cable method for acquiring and processing pre-stack 3-D marine seismic data is based on the technology developed by the US Navy for antisubmarine warfare. In order to achieve the maximum utilization of vertical cable field data, a new separation method of the up-going and down-going wave fields of the vertical cable data processing was developed in this paper, which is different from the separation of the down-going and up-going wave fields of normal VSP data processing. In tests with synthetic modeling data andactual field data, this newly developed method performs well and is also computationally simpler without pre-assumption conditions.     

Dynamic Analysis of Towed and Variable Length Cable Systems

Towed cable systems are frequently used in marine measurements where the length of the towed cable varies during launch and recovery. In this paper a novel method for modeling variable length cable systems is introduced based on the finite segment formulation. The variable length of the towed cable is described by changing the length of the segment near the towing point and by increasing or decreasing the number of the discrete segments of the cable. In this way, the elastic effects of the cable can be easily handled since geometry and material properties of each segment are kept constant. Experimental results show that the dynamic behavior of the towed cable is consistent between the model and the physical cable. Results show that the model provides numerical efficiency and simulation accuracy for the variable length towed system.     

考虑内流作用的缓波形立管非线性静动力分析

考虑内流的作用,研究缓波形立管在海洋环境荷载作用下的非线性静动力力学性能。采用细长柔性杆理论,建立缓波形立管运动方程,利用有限元法进行离散,运用Newton-Raphson法和Newmark-β法分别对立管进行静动力分析,编制缓波形立管计算分析程序LWRNM,研究缓波形立管在海流、内流、浮体漂移与运动作用下的结构响应。结果表明:随着海流从x负向变成x正向和流速的增大,缓波形立管线形变缓,有效张力增大,弯曲曲率的极值减小;随着内流流速的增加,缓波形立管的固有频率下降;随着顶部浮体从近端向远端漂移,缓波形立管的有效张力增大,弯曲曲率的极值减小;纵荡和垂荡作用下,缓波形立管的顶部有效张力变化周期与浮体激励周期相同,横荡作用下,顶部有效张力变化周期为浮体激励周期的二分之一,垂荡作用下,缓波形立管顶部有效张力变化幅值最大,纵荡作用下次之,横荡作用下最小。     

压力分散型锚索现场抗拔试验测试与分析

以福宁高速公路福鼎分水关至福安坞段A3标段八尺门互通区滑坡整治工程为实例，对现场采用的压力分散型锚索进行抗拔试验研究，详细介绍了该新型锚索的抗拔试验过程及其锚索受力测试方法，并就锚索试验中的若干问题进行了分析和探讨，试验研究成果为锚索设计和施工提供了直接依据，具有实际的应用和参考价值。     

Q海深水长排列地震数据处理技术

在Q海深水长排列地震数据处理工作中,形成了一套有效的深水长排列地震数据处理技术,主要包括多次波压制技术、速度分析技术以及提高Q海深水成像效果的其他技术方法等等。通过系统研究和创新,进一步提升了Q海深水长排列地震数据处理水平,取得了好的效果。     

高边坡压力分散型预应力锚索施工工艺研究

压力分散型预应力锚索由于具有较多优点而在复杂高边坡加固工程中应用得越来越广泛,施工中结合边坡岩体性质和设备条件,科学合理地选择施工工艺是其取得理想效果的关键环节。结合金－丽－温高速公路17标段工程实例,从施工组织、现场试验、钻孔、注浆、张拉、监测等方面对压力分散型预应力锚索施工工艺进行了详细论述,为类似工程提供一些借鉴经验。