新型快速锚固锚索的研发及应用

介绍了直立高填方区边坡治理工程中应用的一种新型的快速锚固技术———预应力混凝土管水平向快速锚固锚索的研发过程,阐述了其力学原理及其构造、特性,并结合工程实例,介绍了新型快速锚固锚索的实施过程及技术要点。     

大空间建筑火灾下钢索的力学反应参数分析

钢索在大空间建筑火灾升温条件下的力学反应是评价索网结构抗火性能的关键依据。基于非线性有限元方法,建立了钢索在高温下的力学分析模型,模拟了大空间建筑火灾升温历程中钢索力学反应全过程,用参数分析方法得到影响钢索在火灾升温历程中力学反应的关键因素。结果表明:在大空间建筑火灾升温历程中,钢索的水平张力呈下降的趋势;随着钢索的预应力比增加、温度场非均匀性的增强和跨度的增加,其水平张力下降速率增大;荷载比的增加对水平张力下降速率影响较小。上述结论与钢索水平张力的解析解一致,可为索网结构抗火性能分析提供参考。     

预应力锚索工作应力的检测方法——拉脱法的检测机制和试验研究

拉脱法可用于对预应力锚索的工作应力进行检测,它是通过对张拉荷载-锚索伸长量曲线中拐点的判断或对锚具与锚垫板脱开时刻的判断获得预应力锚索工作应力的一种微损检测方法。本文对拉脱法检测预应力锚索工作应力的机制进行力学分析,并对其误差进行理论分析,包括岩土体和锚具回弹、工作锚夹片缩进以及千斤顶滑移等对检测结果的影响。通过对拉脱法的机制分析和检测精度研究,验证了理论分析的正确性,并表明：可通过张拉荷载-位移曲线转折区段的上、下限平均值获得预应力锚索工作应力。当工作荷载为极限荷载的75%时,检测误差约为2%,满足工程检测要求。研究结果为拉脱法在锚索工作应力检测的工程应用推广提供了理论和试验基础。     

拖曳锚与安装缆绳相互作用力计算方法研究

深水系泊系统及其系泊基础的研发已成为国际海洋工程领域的前沿和关键课题,拖曳锚因其在承载力和深水安装中的诸多优势而具有良好的发展前景。在拖曳锚安装过程中,锚板与安装缆绳在系缆点处发生复杂的相互作用,分析二者之间的相互作用可等价为分析系缆点拖曳力的大小,研究拖曳锚与安装缆绳相互作用力的计算方法对认识锚板在海床土中的受力以及确定拖曳锚安装船的吨位具有重要指导意义。分别基于嵌入缆绳和拖曳锚在海床土中的力学模型,首次推导出适用于黏性土和无黏性土的系缆点拖曳力表达式,并开展模型试验验证,对比两类拖曳力计算方法的精度和稳定性,结果表明,两类计算方法均能合理预测系缆点拖曳力,但基于拖曳锚受力模型获得的表达式更为精确和稳定;通过参数考察,探究系缆点拖曳力预测模型中各参数的影响效应;经过与试验对比,给出关键参数的建议取值,该取值对研究结构与土体的相互作用问题具有重要参考价值。     

谈地电场地埋电缆出现漏电现象快速检测的方法

文章简要介绍了如何利用接地电阻测试仪来快速检测地电场地埋电缆漏电的原理和方法,对地震台站地电观测排除故障,提高观测质量具有一定的可行性和实用性。     

Nonlinear finite element analysis of three‐dimensional free and harmonically forced vibrations of stranded conductor cables

The 3D finite deformation beam model originally developed by Simo is appropriately modified to derive a finite element formulation for the static and dynamic analysis of flexible electrical conductors. In contrast to what is currently carried out in the literature, a linear viscoelastic constitutive equation and an additional mass proportional damping mechanism are introduced to account for energy dissipation in a physically consistent way. The model is used for simulation of free and forced vibration tests performed on an actual electrical conductor. Energy balance calculations illustrate the reliability of the computations. The experiments reveal amplitude dependence of both stiffness and damping, pointing out the presence of material nonlinearity in the cable. The development of numerical models that can account for the amplitude dependence of bending stiffness and energy dissipation capacity is subject of current computational and experimental work. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Dynamic properties analysis of a stay cable-damper system in consideration of design and construction factors

A numerical solution based on the Steffensen stable point iterative method is proposed to resolve the transcendental frequency equation of a stay cable-damper system. The frequency equation, which considers clamped supports and fl exural rigidity of the cable, is intended to investigate the infl uence of the parameters of the cable damper system on its dynamic characteristics. Two factors involved in the design and construction phases, the damping coeffi cient induced by external dampers and the cable tension, are the focus of this study. Their impact on modal frequencies and damping ratios in these two phases of cable-damper systems are investigated by resolving the equation with the proposed solution. It is shown that the damping coeffi cient and cable tension exert more noticeable effects on the modal damping ratios than on the modal frequencies of stay cable-damper systems, and the two factors can serve as design variables in the design phase and as adjustment factors in the construction phase. On the basis of the results, a roadmap for system-level optimal design of stay cable-damper systems that can achieve global optimal vibration suppression for the entire bridge is proposed and discussed.     

Numerical modelling of staged stope extraction in a tabular steeply dipping deposit

Stope stability is a key factor for the success of a mining operation. To optimise ore productivity while maintaining stope stability, the mining block/stope must be extracted in stages. Ore dilution will occur if the stope is not properly excavated/blasted. This study examines stope stability during mining in three stages, where the height of each stage stope is 10 m. The paper also presents simulation analysis of a typical steeply dipping tabular orebody at 1200 m depth below the surface, which is common in many Canadian underground hard rock mines. Numerical modelling analysis was conducted using the finite element program, RS^2D, where the non-linear elasto-plastic Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion was adopted. The rock reinforcement system (i.e. cable bolts) was modelled/installed in the stope footwall after each mining stage to strengthen access drifts and stabilise the rock mass around the stope that was disturbed by mining activity. Results are discussed in terms of depth of failure zones, total deformation and axial forces in cable bolts with respect to mining stage.     

高层钢结构地震反应形状记忆合金拉索控制研究

本文通过形状记忆合金(SMA)材料的超弹性性能试验确定了SMA材料的各项参数和常温状态下的本构模型。对采用SMA拉索实施振动控制的20层钢结构的Benchmark模型的地震响应进行了时程分析。计算结果表明,实施SMA拉索控制后,层间相对位移可降低70％左右,且SMA材料很好的耗能作用有效地减少了地震能量向上部楼层的传递,对上部结构具有一定的隔振作用;顶层相对位移的控制效果达到51％;顶层加速度可降低43％;地震波强度和拉索初应变对拉索的被动控制效果影响较大。最后给出了拉索的安装位置与拉索的应变之间的关系曲线,建议了合理的布置方案。     

福建某高速公路段路堑边坡滑坡整治

福建某高速公路K286 290～K286 345段右侧路堑边坡设计为一至四分级坡,最大坡高近30m,坡体岩石差异风化．且局部发育不良软弱结构面。2002年8月该段四级坡段发生滑坡,阻断了交通,造成了重大经济损失。从坡体岩土结构出发,详细分析了该段边坡失稳的原因及发展趋势,并提出了科学合理的治理加固建议。