银川地区M_L4级地震活动特征研究

1970年以来银川地区ML4级地震在时间上丛集发生,分别从主震震前小震与震后余震分布特征、余震序列参数计算和震源机制解的角度,研究了以上地震的活动特征。结果显示:每次地震的发生均具有一定的独立性;可计算余震参数的地震序列为非前兆震群,这一点与实际相符;震源机制解显示几次地震的发震断层主要属于银川隐伏断裂,并可能与该断裂附近的一系列次级断裂有关。分析认为几次地震的发生可能是局部应力调整的结果,与未来该区域是否发生大震关系不大,同时可以推测未来该区域依旧可能发生类似震级的有感地震。     

Ground surface response induced by shallow buried explosions

Based on the spherical cavity expansion theory in the elastic half space,the ground surface movement characteristics of shallowly buried explosions are analyzed.The results show that the induced seismic wave is a longitudinal wave in the near zone and a Rayleigh wave in the far zone.The maximum displacement(velocity) of the longitudinal wave and the Rayleigh wave are inversely proportional to the scaled distance,and can be described by exponential function with exponents equal to 1.4 and 0.5,respectively.The vibration frequencies of the waves have almost no change.The vibration frequency of the longitudinal wave approximates the natural vibration frequency of the cavity in the broken area,and the vibration frequency of the Rayleigh wave is about half that of the longitudinal wave.On the same reduced buried depth and reduced distance,the particle displacement is directly proportional to the product of the boundary loading and cavity radius,and is inversely proportional to the transversal wave velocity.Meanwhile,the particle velocity is directly proportional to the boundary loading and inversely proportional to the wave velocity ratio.In the far zone,the buried depth of the explosive only has a slight effect on the longitudinal wave,but has a larger effect on the Rayleigh wave.     

黑河流域民乐山前隐伏构造带地下水补给与更新

第四系地下水是民乐山前地区居民清洁饮水的重要水源,而复杂的隐伏构造对区内地下水的运移和更新具有重要的控制作用。本文应用环境同位素技术,深入讨论了该区地下水的补给、更新能力以及隐伏构造对地下水更新的影响。结果表明:(1)民乐山前第四系地下水的补给来源包括出山河水渗漏和当地降水入渗,二者对地下水补给的贡献分别为89%和11%;(2)地下水更新能力由山前向下游变差,山前一带地下水更新周期在20～30年之间,下游的六坝北部一带地下水更新周期大于50年;(3)隐伏构造具有明显的阻水作用,导致地下水径流速度减缓。     

大跨浅埋黄土隧道中系统锚杆受力机制研究

郑州-西安铁路客运专线穿越西北黄土分布的主要地区,而在黄土地区修建跨度超过15.1 m、开挖面积达170 m2的超大断面大跨度铁路隧道洞群在国内尚属首次,相关的设计理论与经验均较为欠缺,尤其是系统锚杆在黄土隧道中的作用机制及锚固效果尚不清楚,使得设计遇到关键难题。为研究大断面黄土隧道中系统锚杆的作用,通过理论推导,阐明了锚杆的作用机制,指出了浅埋大跨度黄土隧道中锚杆的受力原因。采用理论锚杆单元模型,计算得到与实测数据一致的结果,说明该理论模型能够解释浅埋黄土的锚杆受力情况。综合研究表明,浅埋黄土隧道中拱部系统锚杆的锚固效果较弱,而边墙部锚杆的锚固效果显著。     

霸县凹陷牛驼镇凸起潜山内幕古流体和现今流体特征研究

霸县凹陷牛驼镇凸起潜山内幕储层发育且勘探程度低,通过牛驼镇凸起潜山内幕方解石脉体及围岩的岩石学、同位素、包裹体等特征的研究,分析了古流体来源、期次和演化特征,再结合现今地层水特征,总结了流体活动对油气成藏的影响。研究结果表明：研究区发育3种类型方解石脉体(Cal1、Cal2和Cal3),其中加里东运动早期形成的Cal1型脉体与围岩同位素特征相似,认为流体来源于海相围岩。加里东运动晚期形成的Cal2型脉体可分为2期,其中裂缝边部的早期脉体Cal2 1与围岩同位素特征也相似,流体也来源于围岩;位于中心的晚期脉体Cal2 2相对围岩具有δ13C相似、δ18O亏损和87Sr/86Sr富集的特征,流体包裹体具有较低均一温度(<50 ℃)和盐度(13wt%～35wt%NaCl),认为流体来源于大气水和围岩的混合。喜马拉雅运动Es3-Es4期形成的Cal3型脉体相对围岩具有δ13C和δ18O亏损、87Sr/86Sr富集的特征,流体包裹体具有高均一温度(142～210 ℃),认为流体来源于岩浆活动。这些特征表明研究区存在3次流体活动,流体分别来源于海相围岩、大气水和岩浆活动,没有烃类流体活动的证据。研究区现今地层水具有低矿化度(2～3 g/L)、高钠氯系数(1～12)的特征,与邻近霸县生油洼槽的古近系地层水有很大差异,说明油气的保存条件及其与霸县洼槽水动力联系均较差。综合古流体和现今流体特征,认为研究区潜山内幕的流体活动特征不利于油气的成藏。     

重磁电综合地球物理探测河套盆地深部结构

从地球物理的角度出发,利用重力、磁法及电法勘探对河套盆地第四系深覆盖区展开深入研究,对河套断陷带南北边界断裂——鄂尔多斯北界断裂、色尔腾山前断裂的性质,河套盆地第四纪沉积物特征及厚度,河套沉积基底构造的探测进行了大量研究工作,并利用电法剖面对该区第四纪含水层分布规律进行了初步研究。通过重磁联合反演、天然地震数据,分析并推断了研究区由南向北的4条隐伏断层F₁-F₄及狼山-色尔腾山前大断裂F₅,同时揭露了该区结晶基底的起伏及埋深,研究区南部基底深度2.5~4.2 km,北部中心基底最大埋深可达6 km,北部色尔腾山前断裂带迅速升至0~1 km。      

CSAMT法在煤矿隐伏断层探测中的应用

隐伏断层在我国煤矿大量存在,对煤矿的施工设计带来了很大的困难,威胁着煤矿生产安全。本文介绍了可控源音频大地电磁测深法的工作原理,并对隐伏断层的电性特征进行了正演计算。通过在山西某煤矿的实地探测分析可知,隐伏正断层的异常表现一般为横向电阻率等值线发生错断、并伴有同向扭曲现象,有比较明显的密集梯度带。此探测方法是煤矿隐伏断层探测的又一种新的手段和方法。探测结果证明利用此种方法进行煤矿隐伏断层超前预测是可靠的。     

Application of forecasting structural cracks technique of 3DMove in Chengdao buried hill

Crack reservoir beds have large proportion in China. With the development of exploration in basins, the ratio of the crack reservoir beds will grow year after year. There have been 15 crack buried hill reservoirs since the first wellbore was successfully drilled in carbonate rock and Zhengjia granite in the Zhuangxi area in the 1980s[1]. Also mudstone-crack reservoirs and compact low-penetrability reservoirs have been discovered. With the development of exploration and exploitation in oil fi…     

黄陇侏罗纪煤田陇县地区构造及控煤作用分析

研究区位于陇东黄土高原区,大部分地方为Q2＋3黄土所覆盖,煤系地层的构造形态及煤层的赋存状况无法从地表直接获得.从构造演化的角度,结合地层沉积建造,通过构造控煤作用分析,总结了区内煤系的发育特征和赋存规律.     

Estimation of Earthquake Damage to Buried Pipelines Caused by Ground Shaking

One of the most critical lessons of the recent earthquakes is the need for seismic planning for lifelines, with appropriate supplies and back up systems for emergency repair and restoration. Seismic planning, however requires physical loss estimations before the earthquakes occur. Buried pipeline damage correlations are critical part of loss estimation procedures applied to lifelines for future earthquakes. We review the existing pipeline damage relationships only for ground shaking (transient ground deformations) in the light of recent developments and evaluate them with Denizli City, Turkey water supply system. Eight scenario earthquakes with four different earthquake magnitudes between M6 and M7 caused by two different fault ruptures (Pamukkale and Karakova-Akhan Faults) were used. Analyses were performed by using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). This high number of different scenario earthquakes made it possible to compare the pipeline damage relationships at different ground shaking levels. Pipeline damage estimations for Denizli City were calculated for each damage relationship and earthquake scenario. Relative effects of damage relationships and scenario earthquakes on the results were compared and discussed. The results were presented separately for brittle, ductile, and all pipelines. It was shown that the variation in ductile pipeline damage estimations by various relationships was higher than the variation in brittle pipeline damage estimations for a particular scenario earthquake.