基于直觉模糊层次分析法的地震压埋率模型研究

强烈地震会导致建筑物倒塌进而造成室内人员压埋,因此,把特定区域和建筑群的压埋率作为震后救援的决策指标尤为重要。但地震建筑物倒塌受多个影响因素共同作用,造成了压埋率模型的后验倒塌率评估的不确定性问题。针对这个问题采用直觉模糊层次分析法,选取了震级、震源深度、震中距、抗震设防烈度、地基和基础、建筑物结构类型和结构现状等七大影响因素进行加权分析。运用LINGO软件建模解算出了各影响因素权重,通过极大似然法估算了各影响因素对建筑物倒塌率的影响值,进而评估出了建筑物预估倒塌率,并结合先验在室率模型及其区划,建立了基于直觉模糊层次分析法的地震压埋率模型。最后以汶川灾区学校为例,进行了压埋率评估,并对其进行了误差分析。研究表明:抗震设防烈度、建筑物结构类型和结构现状是影响建筑物倒塌的主要因素;在实际评估中模型精度达到±0.15,能为震后快速应急救援提供决策辅助。     

用微振动勘探方法探测隐伏断裂构造

介绍了运用微振动勘探方法探测隐伏断裂构造的方法和思路,并对郯庐断裂带两条分支断裂进行了试验性勘探．通过与人工地震勘探结果对比分析,发现微振动勘探方法对隐伏断裂构造具有较好的空间定位能力,其对岩性差异面形成的断裂定位误差与人工地震勘探结果相当; 又因其具有较大的勘探深度,因而可以有效揭示勘探区域下方地层及断裂的空间分布特征及其接触关系,这对于识别和确定断裂构造的主破裂面具有重要意义. 但微振动勘探方法对地层或断裂构造细节特征的揭示能力较差．因此,在实际地层或断裂勘探中,宜采用人工地震勘探方法与微振动勘探方法相结合的方式确定断裂的深浅构造关系,可以用微振动勘探方法进行普查,在确定断裂初步位置及空间展布特征后,再选用人工地震勘探方法进行断裂精确定位．      

硬夹层埋深对场地地震动参数的影响

选取某重要工程场地A3钻孔的厚度、剪切波速、密度等实际勘探数据,通过改变硬夹层的埋深,分析硬夹层不同埋深、不同地震时程对场地地震动参数的影响。研究结果表明:在硬夹层厚度不变和模型总厚度不变的情况下,地表水平向的峰值加速度随硬夹层埋深的增大而增大,但增幅逐渐减小;硬夹层埋深到达一定深度时不再影响地表水平峰值加速度;随着硬夹层埋深的增加,整个反应谱的谱值普遍增大。     

高水压顶管隧道管节修复装置的设计与应用

富春江顶管工程为例,介绍了一种可快速拆卸的用于深埋顶管隧道对管节局部破损进行修复的装置。装置结构简单、紧凑,易于在圆形截面的隧道中进行快速拼装。该装置最高耐水压力0.8 MPa,可对地下水位以下30~80 m顶管隧道中出现沿轴线长＜0.4 m环状破损的管节进行注浆修复。这种设计能够有效解决深埋顶管隧道小面积局部破损、小范围漏水涌砂等问题,为深埋顶管等方法构筑的圆形隧道提供应急修复保障。     

辽河茨榆坨潜山太古界裂缝型储层特征及其控制因素

运用岩心观察、薄片鉴定、物性实测、裂缝统计、包裹体分析、裂缝分形等技术方法,研究了茨榆坨潜山太古界裂缝型储层特征及其控制因素。结果表明:茨榆坨潜山太古界4类变质岩中,黑云母二长片麻岩是最主要的储集岩,裂缝最为发育;黑云母钾长片麻岩次之,裂缝较发育;蚀变煌斑岩、黑云母角闪变粒岩均为非储集岩。茨榆坨潜山储集空间主要是裂缝和微裂隙,太古界储层主要发育北东向和北西向两组裂缝,以高角度张性裂缝为主,形成于中生代中、晚期;部分张剪性裂缝形成时间不晚于古近纪晚期。潜山储层的裂缝以细、微缝最发育,其宽度和面孔率之间存在着正相关性。控制研究区太古界储层裂缝发育的因素有岩性、断层、深度、古风化作用、溶解作用、岩浆侵入、裂缝组合等。     

Reservoir Characteristics and Genetic Mechanisms of the Mesozoic Granite Buried Hills in the Deep‐water of the Qiongdongnan Basin,Northern South China Sea

Due to its structure,rock and mineral composition,fluid and other factors,the granite Buried Hill Reservoir is highly heterogeneous with a complex longitudinal structure and a reservoir space made up of a combination of dissolution pores and fractures.This paper is based on current understanding of tectonic evolution in the northern part of the South China Sea,in conjunction with the seismic phase characteristics.It is determined that the meshed fault system was formed by three stages of movement-tectonic compression orogeny during the Indochinese epoch,strike-slip compression-tension during the Yanshanian Period,early fracture extension activation during the Himalayan-which controlled the distribution of the Buried Hill Reservoir.Drilling revealed two types of buried hills,faulted anticline and fault horst,their longitudinal structure and the reservoir space type being significantly different.The mineral composition,reservoir space and diagenetic characteristics of the reservoir rocks and minerals were analyzed by lithogeochemistry,micro section and logging etc.,it thus being determined that the Mesozoic rocks of the Songnan Low Uplift in the Qiongdongnan Basin are mainly composed of syenogranite,granodiorite,monzogranite,which is the material basis for the development of the Buried Hill Reservoir.The content of felsic and other brittle minerals is more than 70%,making it easy for it to be transformed into fractures.At the same time,the weathering resistance of granodiorite and monzogranite is weaker than that of syenogranite,which is easily weathered and destroyed,forming a thick sand gravel weathering zone.With increasing depth of burial,weathering and dissolution gradually weaken,the deep acidic fluid improving the reservoir property of internal fractures and expanding the vertical distribution range of the reservoirs.The research results lay a foundation for the exploration of Buried Hill in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan Basin.     

Key Groundwater Control Factors of Deep Buried Coalfield by Landform and Sedimentation in the Northern Ordos Basin

There were three landforms (i.e. desert, bedrock platform and loess gully) in deep-buried coalfield of northern Ordos Basin. Water inflow of working face in desert area was 1~2 orders of magnitude larger than that in other landform areas. In order to find out the key controlling factors of the directly water filled aquifers on the roof of the coal seam, we carried out research from the aspects of topography, landform and geological sedimentation. The results showed that desert landform provides abundant recharge water for underlying aquifers because of gentle topography, large precipitation infiltration coefficient, thick and water-rich quaternary system. While bedrock platform and loess gully landform were the water sources with weak recharge capacity of underlying aquifers. The sandstone-mudstone interbedding structure formed by continental deposits resulted in the absence of regional stable aquifers in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata on the roof of coal seams. Pumping tests of boreholes showed that all strata belong to weak to medium water-rich aquifers. The groundwater level of Cretaceous aquifer decreased by 20~130 m in three mines. There was a close hydraulic relationship between shallow and deep aquifers. The Mesozoic strata belonged to fluvial deposits. Qilizhen sandstone and Zhenwudong sandstone aquifers were mainly developed on the roof of the coal seam, which were characterized by thick medium-coarse sandstone sections. The geological and sedimentary conditions of direct water-filled aquifer were similar, but the amount of borehole water, cumulative pre-drainage water and water inflow from goaf in desert geomorphic area were much larger than those in bedrock platform and loess gully geomorphic area. The water-rich of the aquifer was mainly controlled by geomorphology, and the water sources of the deep aquifers were meteoric precipitation and Quaternary aquifer. In different mines with similar Quaternary conditions in Mu Us Desert, there were also great differences in the amount of borehole water, cumulative pre-drainage water and water inflow from goafs. The difference was related to the thickness and lithology of the aquifers. It reflected that the geological sedimentary conditions of the coal seam roof were also important factors to control the water-rich of the aquifers. Topography, landform and geological sedimentation were the key factors to control the water-rich of the aquifer directly and the water inflow from the working face.     

广西十万大山盆地下二叠统生物礁古油藏及隐伏礁预测

广西宁明县亭亮下二叠统茅口组生物礁古油藏,为十万大山盆地已暴露破坏的礁古油藏之一。该古油藏的含沥青储层主要分布于礁体的上部和顶部,含沥青礁灰岩厚达９８ｍ以上,礁储层次生溶孔的形成与分布主要受控于深埋有机溶剂作用,同时在空间上还与礁顶部古风化壳和不整合面密切相关,论文深入探讨了礁古油藏形成的主要成岩作用类型及其埋藏一构造发展史,有机质演化史及成岩孔隙演化史三者的配置关系和成藏机理,另据地震和电法资料     

东秦岭地区浅隐花岗岩体遥感识别模式

在含金地层分布区，研究揭示隐伏岩浆热源活动特征及基底导岩导矿构造特征是寻找隐伏金矿床的技术关键。本文依据花岗岩体侵位动力学及热力学机制，阐明了线、环同现构造影像的形成机理及其所揭示的地质内涵，指出了环形影像构造成因的多解性，提出了如何从纷杂的“环、线”影像构造中提取出反映岩体侵位这一特定影像构造的原则及其重要性，以遥感技术为主导，综合应用地质、物化探技术，建立了“环状影像构造－斜磁化场－重力亏损场－岩浆期后热液活动中心的多元信息同现”隐伏成矿花岗岩体的遥感综合判读模式，实现了遥感解译由模糊—定性—定量化的综合解译判读过程。论证了东秦岭一些地区存在着规模宏大的燕山期浅隐伏成矿花岗岩体，并定量解译了隐伏花岗岩体的形态、产状及规模，指出金及其伴生元素的含矿热液活动受隐伏岩浆活动及基底导岩导矿构造双重因素控制