断阶型潜山带地质模型的建立及储层预测--以CG20潜山为例

以 CG2 0潜山为例 ,从建立地质模型入手 ,包括地层模型、构造模型、储集模型、储盖组合模型、速度模型等 ,认识到各套地层分布和储层物性的差异均与地震响应密切相关 ,因此可以利用地震波的信息 ,预测潜山储层的发育及分布情况。在对 CG2 0潜山进行精细全三维构造解释的基础上 ,探讨性地应用了测井约束反演、吸收系数、相干分析及三维模式识别等技术 ,对潜山储层进行了预测 ,从而提高了潜山勘探的效益 ,并为类似断阶型潜山带的勘探提供了成功的经验 ,具有一定的指导意义。     

济阳坳陷构造演化对断块型潜山的形成及油气成藏的影响

渤海湾叠合盆地各构造作用之间普遍存在的沉积间断为潜山的大规模发育创造了有利的条件,位于渤海湾东南部的济阳坳陷发育了大量的断块型潜山。断块型潜山的形成与济阳坳陷的构造演化密切相关．古生代的构造演化为潜山的形成奠定了基础,印支期的构造运动是潜山形成的重要条件,燕山期的断块作用使断块型潜山初具雏形,新生代是断块型潜山形成的重要时期。按照断块型潜山发育的构造位置不同可分为断阶断块型、断脊断块型和残丘断块型3种类型。济阳坳陷的构造演化特征决定了潜山油气的类型、储集条件及油气田形成的规模。     

用欧拉方程估算埋深和形状因数

本文论述了用欧拉方程估算埋深和形状因数的方法原理,并用模型计算加以验证,最后用湖南某地含原生金刚石的钾镁煌斑岩筒上的ΔＴ异常证实这种估算方法是值得推广的。     

地埋管换热影响岩土体传热因素及热影响范围分析

该文介绍了地埋管换热器传热模型,对影响地下岩土体传热的地埋管换热功率、持续时间、热泵机组运行的方式与模式、换热器规格、管外回填材料以及地质-水文地质条件等因素进行了探讨,认为周围岩土体热响应范围大小与换热功率大小和持续时间长短、管外回填材料和周围岩土体导热性能高低呈正相关性,热泵机组间歇运行方式有利于地温场的及时恢复,冬季制热夏季制冷模式能削弱单一负荷聚集产生的热影响程度,同等能条件下双U型De32地埋管较单U型De25地埋管热影响范围要大。由于地埋管换热器吸热或放热不平衡而引起的冷热量累积效应,渗流速度越大,热影响范围则越大。济南东部碎屑岩区某模拟夏季工况试验表明,其他条件相同的前提下,8 k W换热功率持续运行,以换热孔为中心,岩体温度响应速率和影响幅度与径向距离成负相关性,距离越近,响应速率和影响幅度越大,反之就越小;47天后,地埋管换热器热影响范围大于5m。     

东海陆架两期沙脊的时空对比东海陆架两期沙脊的时空对比

基于高分辨率的单道地震和多波束测深数据,识别并对比了东海陆架中部同一海区相距20余万年的层U14和层U2两期沙脊群,其中层U14期沙脊属于埋藏沙脊,位于东海海底以下90 m深处,推测属于距今320~200 ka的海侵体系域(TST),沙脊顶界面是该期海侵的最大洪泛面(MFS);层U2期沙脊位于东海陆架,属于衰退沙脊,系末次盛冰期(LGM)以来的TST,顶界面是LGM以来的MFS。尽管两期沙脊形成年代相距20余万年,地层层位相距近90 m,但是沙脊群总体走向一致,表明距今2×105 a以来东海陆架潮波基本格局稳定。从层U2期可识别出4个亚期沙脊,通过多波束海底地形图可识别出4组走向的沙脊,多亚期、多走向沙脊是LGM以来海平面阶梯状波动在海底地形演变过程中的响应证据。     

渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷潜山油藏分布规律及控制因素

济阳坳陷潜山油藏类型复杂,构造裂缝是油藏的主要储集空间。济阳坳陷潜山储层的分布主要受控于盆地的形成过程,构造运动是控制潜山分布的最主要的因素。潜山储层非均质性强,且不同潜山的储层性质存在较大差异。济阳坳陷潜山油藏的开发特征复杂,稳产阶段短、产能差异大、含水上升快。中生代及以前形成的古地貌早隆潜山是济阳坳陷最有利的潜山油藏勘探目标。      

Mid‐Holocene sub‐blanket‐peat alluvia and sediment sources in the upper Liffey valley,Co. Wicklow,Ireland

A recently exposed section across a ?rst‐order valley buried beneath the regional blanket peat on hillside slopes in the upper Liffey valley, Co. Wicklow, is described. The section shows two alluvia within a shallow valley form underlain by an extensive boulder and stone line over regional till and weathered granite. ¹⁴C dates from wood in the alluvia indicate the older alluvium to have formed between 4324 ± 53 BP and 4126 ± 45 BP and the younger between 3217 ± 53 BP and 2975 ± 53 BP . The basal layer of the overlying peat yielded a date of 2208 ± 61 BP . The younger alluvium shows the effects of soil paludi?cation prior to the peat expansion. Dated pollen analyses elsewhere in the upper catchment con?rm the spread of blanket peat over most areas above 350 m after 4000–3600 BP . The buried valley was contributing sediments to the mid‐Holocene ?oodplains in the upper Liffey valley prior to the extension of blanket peat over the catchment after which sediment yields from it and the other catchment slopes declined. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CSAMT法和TEM法在铜陵龙虎山地区隐伏矿勘探中的应用

CSAMT法是深部隐伏矿勘探工作的重要手段之一。将CSAMT法用于铜陵龙虎山地区隐伏矿勘察,在深入认识研究区的成矿规律和控矿因素的基础上,对该区的CSAMT数据进行了预处理和反演,对比TEM法反演结果,电性特征的统一性验证了CSAMT法反演结果的可靠性。联合CSAMT和TEM反演结果成功地分辨出侵入岩体和岩浆热液的运移通道,为该区寻找隐伏矿提供了有效的勘探手段。     

浅层地热能在合肥地区的应用

根据合肥地区的水文与工程地质条件,研究浅层地热能在合肥地区应用的适宜方式,并结合工程实例,对浅层地热能应用的地源热泵空调系统中的地埋管换热器设计、自动控制与监测、运行控制等关键技术进行了探讨,旨在合肥地区推广应用浅层地热能,实现浅层地热能与地源热泵系统、建筑空调系统相匹配。     

UPPER CRUSTAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE AND CONSTRAINING FAULT INTERPRETATION FROM SHUNYI-TANGGU REFRACTION EXPERIMENT DATA

The urban active fault survey is of great significance to improve the development and utilization of urban underground space, the urban resilience, the regional seismic reference modeling, and the natural hazard prevention. The Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region with the densest population is one of the most developed and most important urban groups, located at the northeastern North China plain. There are several fault systems crossing and converging in this region, and most of the faults are buried. The tectonic setting of the faults is complex from shallow to deep. There are frequent historical earthquakes in this area, which results in higher earthquake risk and geological hazards. There are two seismicity active belts in this area. One is the NE directed earthquake belt located at the east part of the profile in northern Ninghai near the Tangshan earthquake region. The other is located in the Beijing plain in the northwest of the profile and near the southern end of Yanshan fold belt, where the 1679 M8.0 Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake occurred, the largest historical earthquake of this area. Besides, there are some small earthquake activities related to the Xiadian Fault and the Cangdong Fault at the central part of the profile.
The seismic refraction experiment is an efficient approach for urban active fault survey, especially in large- and medium-size cities. This method was widely applied to the urban hazard assessment of Los Angeles. We applied a regularized tomography method to modeling the upper crustal velocity structure from the high-resolution seismic refraction profile data which is across the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. This seismic refraction profile, with 185km in length, 18 chemical explosive shots and 500m observation space, is the profile with densest seismic acquisition in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region up to now. We used the trial-error method to optimize the starting velocity model for the first-arrival traveltime inversion. The multiple scale checker board tests were applied to the tomographic result assessment, which is a non-linear method to quantitatively estimate the inversion results. The resolution of the tomographic model is 2km to 4km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.5 and is 4km to 7km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.7. The tomographic model reveals a very thick sediment cover on the crystalline basement beneath the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. The P wave velocity of near surface is 1.6km/s. The thickest sediment cover area locates in the Huanghua sag and the Wuqing sag with a thickness of 8km, and the thinnest area is located at the Beijing sag with a thickness of 2km. The thickness of the sediment cover is 4km and 5km in the Cangxian uplift and the Dacang sag, respectively. The depth of crystalline basement and the tectonic features of the geological subunits are related to the extension and rift movement since the Cenozoic, which is the dynamics of formation of the giant basins.
It is difficult to identify a buried fault system, for a tomographic regularization process includes velocity smoothing, and limited by the seismic reflection imaging method, it is more difficult to image the steep fault. Velocity and seismic phase variations usually provide important references that describe the geometry of the faults where there are velocity differences between the two sides of fault. In this paper, we analyzed the structural features of the faults with big velocity difference between the two sides of the fault system using the velocity difference revealed by tomography and the lateral seismic variations in seismograms, and constrained the geometry of the major faults in the study region from near surface to upper crust. Both the Baodi Fault and the Xiadian Fault are very steep with clear velocity difference between their two sides. The seismic refraction phases and the tomographic model indicate that they both cut the crystalline basement and extend to 12km deep. The Baodi Fault is the boundary between the Dachang sag and the Wuqing sag. The Xiadian Fault is a listric fault and a boundary between the Tongxian uplift and the Dachang sag. The tomographic model and the earthquake locations show that the near-vertical Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault, with a certain amount of velocity difference between its two sides, cuts the crystalline basement, and the seismicity on the fault is frequent since Cenozoic. The Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault can be identified deep to 20km according to the seismicity hypocenters.
The dense acquisition seismic refraction is a good approach to construct velocity model of the upper crust and helpful to identify the buried faults where there are velocity differences between their two sides. Our results show that the seismic refraction survey is a useful implement which provides comprehensive references for imaging the fault geometry in urban active fault survey.