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101.
Seismic ground faulting is the greatest hazard for continuous buried pipelines.Over the years,researchers have attempted to understand pipeline behavior mostly via numerical modeling such as the finite element method.The lack of well-documented field case histories of pipeline failure from seismic ground faulting and the cost and complicated facilities needed for full-scale experimental simulation mean that a centrifuge-based method to determine the behavior of pipelines subjected to faulting is best to verify numerical approaches.This paper presents results from three centrifuge tests designed to investigate continuous buried steel pipeline behavior subjected to normal faulting.The experimental setup and procedure are described and the recorded axial and bending strains induced in a pipeline are presented and compared to those obtained via analytical methods.The influence of factors such as faulting offset,burial depth and pipe diameter on the axial and bending strains of pipes and on ground soil failure and pipeline deformation patterns are also investigated.Finally,the tensile rupture of a pipeline due to normal faulting is investigated. 相似文献
102.
着重介绍了放射性水化学方法寻找隐伏铀矿的过程:即,从找到放射性水化学异常点到放射性水化学异常晕,到初步评价和工程揭露。以放射性水化学找矿2个成果为例,说明放射性水化学方法是寻找隐伏铀矿的有效方法之一。 相似文献
103.
104.
王政友 《水文地质工程地质》2012,39(1):13-18
本文针对地中蒸渗计在冻结-冻融期存在的问题,利用实验站冻土及土壤水分势能资料,探索了冻土层的发育及其水分运移规律,通过对亚砂土不同埋深及不同年度的地中蒸渗计资料处理,得出冻结期和冻融期地中蒸渗计资料的处理方法及其埋深临界值。这对准确利用冻结-冻融期地中蒸渗计资料具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
105.
Shantanu Joshi Amit Prashant Arghya Deb Sudhir K. Jain 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2011
Presently available simplified analytical methods and semi-empirical methods for the analysis of buried pipelines subjected to fault motion are suitable only for the strike-slip and the normal-slip type fault motions, and cannot be used for the reverse fault crossing case. A simple finite element model, which uses beam elements for the pipeline and discrete nonlinear springs for the soil, has been proposed to analyse buried pipeline subjected to reverse fault motion. The material nonlinearities associated with pipe-material and soil, and geometric nonlinearity associated with large deformations were incorporated in the analysis. Complex reverse fault motion was simulated using suitable constraints between pipe-nodes and ground ends of the soil spring. Results of the parametric study suggest that the pipeline's capacity to accommodate reverse fault offset can be increased significantly by choosing a near-parallel orientation in plan with respect to the fault line. Further improvement in the response of the pipeline is possible by adopting loose backfill, smooth and hard surface coating, and shallow burial depth in the fault crossing region. For normal or near normal orientations, pipeline is expected to fail due to beam buckling at very small fault offsets. 相似文献
106.
通过对降扎铀矿床地质条件的分析,总结了矿床围岩蚀变、控矿构造形式、矿石矿物特征、铀矿体主要特征、矿物组合、成矿流体、盲矿体地表放射性物化探异常等矿床特征和成矿规律,指出向阳沟矿段等已知矿段深部、向阳沟以西地段、热乎东地段为以后的找矿靶区. 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
冀中坳陷潜山油气输导体系及与油气藏类型的匹配关系 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过总结前人研究结果,利用测井、钻井地质和地化等资料,对冀中坳陷潜山油气藏类型和油气输导体系特征进行研究,并结合已发现的潜山油气藏,建立了不同油气输导体系与潜山油气藏类型的匹配关系。结果表明:根据不同的圈闭遮挡条件,可将冀中坳陷潜山油气藏分为潜山顶、潜山坡和潜山内幕油气藏等3种类型;潜山油气输导体系发育断裂、不整合、内幕溶蚀层和复合型输导体系等4种类型;受碳酸盐岩地层、断层活动性影响以及与油气生成时间的匹配,断裂型输导体系具有高效性和时效性的特征,有利于形成潜山顶和内幕油气藏;不整合型输导体系由不整合上部底砾岩和下部淋浴带组成,具有"双层"输导的特点,有利于形成潜山顶和潜山坡油气藏;内幕溶蚀层型输导体系由潜山内部的溶蚀孔-洞-缝系统组成,其发育程度受内部地层泥质含量控制,有利于形成潜山内幕油气藏;复合型输导体系由单一型输导体系复合形成,具有"多样式"的特点,可以形成潜山顶、潜山坡和潜山内幕油气藏。 相似文献
110.
The present paper proposes a numerical model to determine horizontal and vertical components of the hydrodynamic forces on a slender submarine pipeline lying at the sea bed and exposed to non-linear waves plus a current. The new model is an extension of the Wake II type model, originally proposed for sinusoidal waves (Soedigdo et al., 1999) and for combined sinusoidal waves and currents (Sabag et al., 2000), to the case of periodic or random waves, even with a superimposed current. The Wake II type model takes into account the wake effects on the kinematic field and the time variation of drag and lift hydrodynamic coefficients. The proposed extension is based on an evolutional analysis carried out for each half period of the free stream horizontal velocity at the pipeline. An analytical expression of the wake velocity is developed starting from the Navier–Stokes and the boundary layer equations. The time variation of the drag and lift hydrodynamic coefficients is obtained using a Gaussian integration of the start-up function. A reduced scale laboratory investigation in a large wave flume has been conducted in order to calibrate the empirical parameters involved in the proposed model. Different wave and current conditions have been considered and measurements of free stream horizontal velocities and dynamic pressures on a bottom-mounted pipeline have been conducted. The comparison between experimental and numerical hydrodynamic forces shows the accuracy of the new model in evaluating the time variation of peaks and phase shifts of the horizontal and vertical wave and current induced forces. 相似文献