综合物探方法在广西柳州隐伏断裂探测中的应用

据野外地震地质调查研究,柳州市柳北区存在多条隐伏断裂带,这些断裂带的具体位置尚未确定,这对柳北区的建设发展存在极大隐患。为此,在地质调查的基础上,本文采用高密度电法和地震映像综合方法来探测柳北区隐伏断裂带的具体位置,通过钻探验证和地质调查研究,确定了隐伏断裂带的具体位置,为柳州市柳北区的建设发展提供安全保障。     

渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷古潜山的宏观展布特征与演化过程

古潜山的形成与发育受控于多期构造运动,在不同构造背景下所表现出的结构形态是有规律可循的,呈现出成群、成带分布的现象。本文以黄骅坳陷潜山宏观展布特征为研究重点,利用三维地震资料,解剖潜山结构特征,探讨潜山的演化过程。研究表明,黄骅坳陷古潜山可分为基岩褶皱形成的潜山背斜群、基底断块掀斜作用形成的大型断鼻和盆缘裙边断鼻潜山构造三大类潜山。歧口凹陷内部潜山构造带总体构成"轮毂"式格局,沧东-盐山断陷区潜山带结构整体性强,以大型背斜构造为主。基底逆掩断裂系统复杂化潜山构造带内幕结构,可分为三角逆冲构造、背驮式逆冲构造及双重构造等。三大拆离伸展构造系统控制掀斜断块潜山的分布,形成以断鼻和断垒构造为主的潜山构造群。黄骅坳陷古潜山分为四个主要演化阶段:中元古代至古生代末为潜山内幕地层建造阶段,中生代为潜山内幕构造发育阶段,新生代古近纪为潜山宏观面貌定型阶段,新近纪为潜山深埋阶段。     

Key Groundwater Control Factors of Deep Buried Coalfield by Landform and Sedimentation in the Northern Ordos Basin

There were three landforms (i.e. desert, bedrock platform and loess gully) in deep-buried coalfield of northern Ordos Basin. Water inflow of working face in desert area was 1~2 orders of magnitude larger than that in other landform areas. In order to find out the key controlling factors of the directly water filled aquifers on the roof of the coal seam, we carried out research from the aspects of topography, landform and geological sedimentation. The results showed that desert landform provides abundant recharge water for underlying aquifers because of gentle topography, large precipitation infiltration coefficient, thick and water-rich quaternary system. While bedrock platform and loess gully landform were the water sources with weak recharge capacity of underlying aquifers. The sandstone-mudstone interbedding structure formed by continental deposits resulted in the absence of regional stable aquifers in Jurassic and Cretaceous strata on the roof of coal seams. Pumping tests of boreholes showed that all strata belong to weak to medium water-rich aquifers. The groundwater level of Cretaceous aquifer decreased by 20~130 m in three mines. There was a close hydraulic relationship between shallow and deep aquifers. The Mesozoic strata belonged to fluvial deposits. Qilizhen sandstone and Zhenwudong sandstone aquifers were mainly developed on the roof of the coal seam, which were characterized by thick medium-coarse sandstone sections. The geological and sedimentary conditions of direct water-filled aquifer were similar, but the amount of borehole water, cumulative pre-drainage water and water inflow from goaf in desert geomorphic area were much larger than those in bedrock platform and loess gully geomorphic area. The water-rich of the aquifer was mainly controlled by geomorphology, and the water sources of the deep aquifers were meteoric precipitation and Quaternary aquifer. In different mines with similar Quaternary conditions in Mu Us Desert, there were also great differences in the amount of borehole water, cumulative pre-drainage water and water inflow from goafs. The difference was related to the thickness and lithology of the aquifers. It reflected that the geological sedimentary conditions of the coal seam roof were also important factors to control the water-rich of the aquifers. Topography, landform and geological sedimentation were the key factors to control the water-rich of the aquifer directly and the water inflow from the working face.     

广西十万大山盆地下二叠统生物礁古油藏及隐伏礁预测

广西宁明县亭亮下二叠统茅口组生物礁古油藏,为十万大山盆地已暴露破坏的礁古油藏之一。该古油藏的含沥青储层主要分布于礁体的上部和顶部,含沥青礁灰岩厚达９８ｍ以上,礁储层次生溶孔的形成与分布主要受控于深埋有机溶剂作用,同时在空间上还与礁顶部古风化壳和不整合面密切相关,论文深入探讨了礁古油藏形成的主要成岩作用类型及其埋藏一构造发展史,有机质演化史及成岩孔隙演化史三者的配置关系和成藏机理,另据地震和电法资料     

中国东北全新世干湿状况的演变

通过综合分析植物花粉,沙土埋藏土壤,泥炭形成与发展,沙丘活动历史,黄土状土堆积和黑土发育等多种资料表明,我国东北地区的湿润程度或土壤水分含量在５ｋａ ＢＰ以前的早中全新世较低,中晚全新世不能增加,早中全新世最干燥时段出现的＾１４Ｃ年代９－８ｋａ ＢＰ,中晚全新世湿润时期可能是最近的２ｋａ,近现代气候比过去１０ｋａ平均状况湿润。     

河南西峡盆地恐龙蛋化石及埋藏特征

产于西峡盆地的恐龙蛋化石计有７ 科、８ 属、１０ 种以上, 主要分布于晚白垩世的高沟组和马家村组。其埋藏特征为： 含蛋层数多, 自下而上约２０ 层; 恐龙蛋大都为原地埋藏,成窝性好, 化石完整; 恐龙蛋集中区分布在冲积扇下、中部及洪泛平原内; 不同类型的恐龙蛋可在同一层面或上、下层中产出; 恐龙蛋在窝中的不同排列形式反映了恐龙产蛋的多样化;原地埋藏的恐龙蛋化石多产于一个正粒序层中、上部的细碎物中     

不滑移状态下深埋圆形隧道地震响应研究

地下结构的地震响应主要取决于由地震波传播产生的土体变形与土结相互作用。剪切波传播过程中将会引起隧道衬砌的椭圆化变形,进而降低衬砌有效承载力。剪切波作用下的深埋圆形隧道可认为处于均质的纯剪状态,基于相对刚度法的拟静力解析解可充分考虑土结相互作用对隧道结构内力的影响。基于此,本文将通过有限元数值分析获得的自由场地地基变形引入不滑移状态下深埋圆形隧道内力求解公式,并结合二维和三维数值模拟途径,将动力分析结果与解析解结果进行对比分析,以评价各种解析方法的适用性和数值途径的可靠性。     

水井测温在地热普查中的应用

利用水井测温方法确定恒温层温度,以恒温层的温度值作为湖顶地热异常区的下限值,用内插法勾绘温度等值线图,高于该下限值范围的即为地热异常区。曹县庄寨地区的地热普查证明该方法是快速有效的。     

宁夏吴忠地区北部的浅部结构和隐伏断裂——地震反射剖面结果

应用浅层地震勘探法对宁夏吴忠地区北部的浅部地壳结构和隐伏活动断裂进行研究。结果表明,该区存在2条隐伏断裂,分别为银川主断层南段和新华桥断层。推测银川主断层南段为近SN走向的W倾正断层,断层下盘地层界面一般呈近水平状展布,而在断层上盘,T_Q及其以下的地层界面向断面方向倾伏并显示出逆牵引现象,断层向上错断了第四系内部。钻孔联合地质剖面及浅层地震探测结果共同揭示新华桥断层为一条走向NE,倾向SW的正断层,深、浅地震测线控制的新华桥断层延伸长度9 km左右,向上错断了第四系内部的T_(02)界面。