黔西南郭家湾新发现幻龙化石的埋藏特征及时代

1∶5万区域地质调查在黔西南郭家湾新发现了一处幻龙化石点。通过剖面测制,详细解剖了化石的异地埋藏特征,并依据区域地质填图和化石资料确定其时代为中三叠世安尼期。在此基础上,根据黔西南及邻区安尼期化石群的分布,结合岩相古地理分布特征,浅析了幻龙化石可能的物源,结果显示郭家湾一带为幻龙活动范围的可能性较大。该幻龙化石的发现及其时代的限定,为研究三叠纪海生爬行动物的演化和迁移提供了新的素材,具有重要的科学意义。     

鄂尔多斯地区奥陶系马家沟群中部块状白云岩的深埋藏白云石化机制

鄂尔多斯地区奥陶系马家沟群中部发育一套厚层块状白云岩。在西部地区定边至鄂托克旗一带,这套块状白云岩连续厚度达数百米。定探 1井揭示的最大厚度为 431m。自西向东,白云岩体由厚变薄,并与石灰岩呈指状交织。这套块状白云岩由粗粉晶-细晶白云石组成,斑状结构发育。常见云斑的边界为缝合线,这表明斑状白云石化明显受缝合线控制。白云岩有序度平均值为 0.85,CaCO₃ 摩尔含量平均为 5 0.6 5 g/mol。δ13 C的平均值为 0.6‰ (PDB),δ18O的平均值为 - 7.4‰ (PDB)。主体细晶白云石中液态包体常见,最低均一温度为 104℃,包体成分中含有大量的有机成分CH₄ 和无机成分H₂ S。上述特征表明,这套白云岩是由深埋藏白云岩化作用形成的,它显示出良好的储集性能,是重要的后备储集岩。     

鄂尔多斯盆地地层埋藏演化与油气成藏分析

地层埋藏状况对有机质生烃及油藏保存具有重要的控制作用.通过对鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世以来地层埋藏史和有机质热演化生烃史的恢复,对比盆地不同地区之间地层剥蚀和埋藏特点,探讨地层埋藏演化特征对油气成藏的影响,分析地层埋藏对有机质生烃及油藏保存条件的影响.结果表明:在鄂尔多斯盆地晚三叠世以来经历的4期(T3、J1、J2、K1)沉降—抬升循环演化过程中,不同地区的沉积埋藏深度和埋藏速率存在明显差异.一方面导致各地区间长7烃源岩进入生烃的时间提前或滞后.北部古峰庄地区和中部白豹地区在J2期已进入早期生烃,姬塬和镇北地区在J3期进入早期生烃,而南部西峰、洛川地区和东部陕北地区早期生烃的时间是K1早中期.进入大量生烃阶段的时间基本都在K1期.另一方面导致地区间成藏封存条件的变化.在北部和中南部地区,地层埋藏深度大,沉积速率高,形成很好的封闭条件.各生烃阶段,特别是早期生成油气也可很好地保存而成藏.     

Analysis of evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water at a burial depth of 0 m in an arid area

High-salinity phreatic water refers to which with total dissolved solids(TDS)30 g/L. Previous studies have shown that high salinity phreatic water evaporation is different at different depths. High salinity phreatic water evaporation under 0 m depth is the basis of the high salinity phreatic water evaporation studies. In this study, evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water at a burial depth of 0 m in arid area was investigated. New insights were gained on evaporation mechanisms via experiments conducted on high-salinity phreatic water with TDS of 100 g/L at 0 m at the study site at Changji Groundwater Balance Experiment Site, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China, where the lithology of the vadose(unsaturated zone) was silty clay. Comparison was made on the data of high-salinity phreatic water evaporation, water surface evaporation(E_(Φ20)) and meteorological data obtained in two complete hydrological years from April 1, 2012 to March 31, 2014. The experiments demonstrated that when the lithology of the vadose zone is silty clay, the burial depth is 0 m and the TDS is 100 g/L, intra-annual variation of phreatic water evaporation is the opposite to the variation of atmospheric evaporation E_(Φ20) and air temperature. The salt crust formed by the evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water has a strong inhibitory effect on phreatic water evaporation. Large volumes of precipitation can reduce such an inhibitory effect. During freezing periods, surface snow cover can promote the evaporation of high-salinity phreatic water at 0 m; the thicker the snow cover, the more apparent this effect is.     

A test of the isochron burial dating method on fluvial gravels within the Pulu volcanic sequence,West Kunlun Mountains,China

Isochron burial dating with cosmogenic nuclides is used in Quaternary geochronology for dating sediments in caves, terraces, basins, and other depositional environments. However, the method has seldom been rigorously tested against an independent chronology. Here, we report a direct comparison of isochron burial dating with K-Ar and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar bracketing ages on volcanic flows that sandwich a fluvial gravel layer in the Xinjiang province of northwestern China. The ages agree to within analytical uncertainty, validating the assumptions and physical constants used in the isochron burial dating method.     

埋藏环境硫酸盐岩岩溶发育的微生物机理

针对我国广泛分布的碳酸盐-硫酸盐岩混合建造,选择其中的硫酸盐岩作为研究对象,通过室内水-岩和水-岩-细菌两个封闭系统的硫酸盐岩溶蚀模拟实验,模拟了细菌数、温度、时间等因素对反应系统水化学组分的影响,研究了两个系统内的地球化学作用.结果表明,水-岩系统内发生的是硫酸盐岩溶解作用;水-岩-细菌系统内发生了细菌硫酸盐还原作用和细菌硫酸盐还原驱动的硫酸盐岩溶解作用,导致埋藏环境硫酸盐岩岩溶的发育,进而增强了与硫酸盐岩共生的碳酸盐岩的渗透性.研究成果开拓了油气储层古岩溶研究的新思路.      

Glacial-Interglacial Atmospheric CO2 Change—The Glacial Burial Hypothesis

Organic carbon buried under the great ice sheets of the Northern Hemisphere is suggested to be the missing link in the atmospheric CO2 change over the glacial-interglacial cycles. At glaciation, the advancement of continental ice sheets buries vegetation and soil carbon accumulated during warmer pe-riods. At deglaciation, this burial carbon is released back into the atmosphere. In a simulation over two glacial-interglacial cycles using a synchronously coupled atmosphere-land-ocean carbon model forced by reconstructed climate change, it is found that there is a 547-Gt terrestrial carbon release from glacial maximum to interglacial, resulting in a 60-Gt (about 30-ppmv) increase in the atmospheric CO2, with the remainder absorbed by the ocean in a scenario in which ocean acts as a passive buffer. This is in contrast to previous estimates of a land uptake at deglaciation. This carbon source originates from glacial burial,continental shelf, and other land areas in response to changes in ice cover, sea level, and climate. The input of light isotope enriched terrestrial carbon causes atmospheric δ^13C to drop by about 0.3‰ at deglaciation,followed by a rapid rise towards a high interglacial value in response to oceanic warming and regrowth on land. Together with other ocean based mechanisms such as change in ocean temperature, the glacial burial hypothesis may offer a full explanation of the observed 80-100-ppmv atmospheric CO2 change.     

Transport of terrestrial organic carbon to the oceans by rivers: re-estimating flux- and burial rates

 This study re-estimates one important component in the global carbon cycle: the modern global fluviatile organic carbon discharge- and burial rates. According to these results, approximately 430×10¹² g of terrestrial organic carbon are transported to the ocean in modern times. This amount is higher than the latest estimates but takes into account new data from Oceania not previously considered in global flux studies. However, only the minor amount of 10% or approximately 43×10¹² gC year^–1 is most likely buried in marine sediments. This amount is similar to the burial of marine organic carbon in the coastal ocean (55×10¹² gC year^–1). Adding both estimates gives approximately 100×10¹² gC year^–1, which is the value calculated by Berner (1982) for "terrestrial" deltaic-shelf sediments. However, the results in this study suggest that on a global scale the organic carbon content in coastal ocean sediments is not solely of terrestrial origin but a mixture of nearly equal amounts of marine and terrestrial organic carbon. The major part of the terrestrial organic carbon that enters the ocean by rivers (approximately 400×10¹² gC year^–1) seems to be either (a) remineralised in the ocean, whereas the mechanism by which the terrestrial organic carbon is oxidised in the ocean are unknown; or (b) is dispersed throughout the oceans and accumulates in pelagic sediments. Received: 9 November 1998 / Accepted: 25 May 1999     

流体包裹体技术在油气成藏期次研究中的应用——以黑帝庙地区为例

应用流体包裹体均一温度、成分测试技术,结合埋藏史和古地温史,研究松辽盆地南部黑帝庙地区青山口组油气成藏期次。研究表明,该区经历了两次大规模油气运移成藏期和一次弱成藏期:第一次油气成藏期对应的古地温为80~100℃,期内发生嫩江末期构造运动对油气成藏产生不利影响;第二次油气成藏期对应的古地温为120~140℃,由于在明水末期研究区的构造基本定型,为油气成藏提供了圈闭条件,因此这次成藏是现存油气藏的主要成藏期;弱成藏期无论规模和持续时间都较小,对应的古地温为150~170℃,推测由断裂沟通深部烃源所造成。     

郧西人遗址洞穴发育与埋藏环境初步观察*

湖北省黄龙洞"郧西人"遗址是2004年新发现的一处重要的更新世晚期古人类遗址。3年来已经进行过3次发掘,出土了距今约10万年的晚期智人牙齿化石及文化遗物,是在东亚地区发现时代最早的现代人遗址。黄龙洞处于秦岭东段南麓的两郧断裂带,发育于上震旦系陡山沱组细晶灰岩和泥灰岩地层中,周围紧闭褶皱和次级断裂发育,为岩溶的发育提供了先决条件。黄龙洞的形成表现为前期以岩溶裂隙水溶蚀为主,后期则转变为大型管道状溶洞。古人类进入洞穴的出入口可能从洞顶"天窗"型开口入洞。古人类遗物属原地埋藏环境,活动期气候以温暖、干燥为主。