宇生核素26Al/10Be埋藏测年法铝化学分析程序的改进

原地宇生核素26Al/10Be埋藏测年法是最近十多年涌现的测年新技术之一,广泛应用于地貌演化、古人类等研究领域,Al回收率及其纯度很大程度上决定着年代结果的精度.美国Purdue大学现用Al分离纯化程序有一些步骤尚待完善.本文通过条件实验,对该程序提出如下修改建议:①用38 ～ 75 μm阴离子交换树脂取代原用的75 ～ 150 μm树脂,以减少淋洗液(0.05 mol/L草酸-0.5 mol/L盐酸)体积并实现Al与主要干扰元素Fe、Ti的定量分离;②用阳离子交换法从草酸-盐酸中提取Al,以规避较为冗长的化学法破坏草酸.模拟样品的分析结果表明,经改进的两步骤可实现Al近于定量的回收,全流程Al回收率达91％-+5％,纯度为98％.     

新疆准噶尔盆地南缘深层有利储层发育的影响因素

准噶尔盆地南缘油气资源十分丰富,但是目前仅在浅层发现有十分有限的储量.深层的勘探一直没有突破.前人在构造模式方面开展过大量的研究,但成效甚微.通过深层储层发育特征及其对有利储层发育的影响因素研究,进行铸体薄片、扫描电镜、孔渗分析、包裹体测温、方解石C和O同位素分析、Ro测定等分析测试.综合分析认为,准噶尔南缘地区:①深层清水河组有效储层的勘探,应该以远砂坝相为主,齐古组有效储层发育在水下分流河道微相的上段.深层有利储层的发育受有利的沉积相带控制,同时受成岩作用的影响;②较低的古地温梯度;③早期浅埋、晚期快速深埋的地层埋藏方式;④区域构造应力发育较弱的区域.以上因素都对准噶尔盆地南缘地区深层储层起到了明显的改善作用.     

时深效应指数在超压储层孔隙度预测中的应用

孔隙度是油气藏描述的一个重要参数,储层孔隙度主要受沉积相和成岩作用影响和控制。笔者研究了利用时深效应指数TDI（time—depthindex）预测超压储层孔隙度的方法,超压储层孔隙度预测的重点在于埋藏史恢复,即剥蚀恢复、去压实恢复和孔隙度预测模型的建立。在计算时深效应指数的过程中,根据三维速度场以及压力系数的分布预测超压场,将超压值引入到有效埋深的计算公式,实现了超压环境对孔隙度影响的校正,建立了适合于超压地层的孑L隙度预测模型,为深层油气勘探提供了科学的依据。     

Lake George revisited: new evidence for the origin and evolution of a large closed lake,Southern Tablelands,NSW, Australia. 2: earliest Pleistocene (Gelasian) environments

The three sedimentary units infilling Lake George provide the longest quasi-continuous sedimentary record of any Australian lake basin. A combination of cosmogenic nuclide burial, magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphic dating techniques previously has shown that the basal (fluvial) unit, the Gearys Gap Formation, began accumulating at ca 4 Ma, in the early Pliocene (Zanclean), and (ii) deposition had ceased by ca 3 Ma, in the mid-late Pliocene (Piacenzian). The same techniques confirm the middle unit, the (fluvio-lacustrine) Ondyong Point Formation began accumulating in the late Pliocene and deposition continued into the earliest Pleistocene (Gelasian) when a shallow but probably laterally extensive freshwater lake extended across the drillhole site. Our data provide a minimum Gelasian age for tectonic blockage of former spillway(s) and formation of paleo-Lake George. Whether this was the earliest lake to form within the basin is unknown, since the dated intervals are separated by a ferric hardpan, interpreted as representing a prolonged period of erosion or non-deposition. Temperate rainforest angiosperms including Nothofagus growing during the late Pliocene had been extirpated or become extinct during this interval, although a number of gymnosperms, now endemic to New Caledonia, New Guinea, New Zealand and Tasmania still survived in the otherwise sclerophyll-dominated vegetation. The succession of plant communities is considered to be due to effectively drier local conditions, which in turn reflect regional aridification during the Plio-Pleistocene transition, despite the formation of a freshwater lake across the basin. The sequence provides a reliable framework for recognising and correlating Plio-Pleistocene deposits elsewhere on the Southern Highlands.     

Controlling factors for dawsonite diagenesis: a case study of the Binnan Region in Dongying Sag,Bohai Bay Basin,China

Authigenic minerals and the diagenetic sequence of the dawsonite-bearing sandstones from the Binnan Region of the Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China were studied to understand the formation of dawsonite, as a possible mechanism for mineral trapping of CO₂ in carbon capture and storage (CCS) programmes. Authigenic minerals include quartz overgrowth, dawsonite (5–15 vol%), calcite, ferrocalcite and ankerite. The major rock types are medium- to fine-grained arkose, feldspathic litharenite and lithic arkose. Quantitative analysis suggests that the burial depth and feldspar content are the two dominant controlling factors of the growth of dawsonite. The dawsonite content increases initially before decreasing with burial depth, with the peak dawsonite content occurring at approximately 1500 m depth. This trend is probably due to increases in temperature and pCO₂ with the burial depth and contributes to the formation of dawsonite. However, the pCO₂ content and stability of dawsonite decrease with increasing distance from the centre of the gas reservoir. When the formation temperature exceeds the upper limit of the preservation temperature of dawsonite, the dawsonite is suppressed, while the dissolution of dawsonite is promoted. Overall, the dawsonite content exhibits a positive correlation with the feldspar content. The dissolution of feldspar makes both Na⁺ and Al³⁺ available and creates the accommodation space necessary for dawsonite growth. In addition, feldspar dissolution also neutralises the acidity of the thermal fluid present, which again facilitates the growth and preservation of the dawsonite.     

白令海和楚科奇海陆架区的生源物质埋藏通量研究

楚科奇海和白令海通过白令海峡相连,是气候变化研究的关键区域。利用210Pb过剩法开展两个海域沉积过程和生源物质的埋藏通量研究。研究发现,白令海陆架区沉积柱样(NB22)受到生物扰动影响,楚科奇海沉积物柱样(R17)所受生物扰动很小。通过建立模型,获得楚科奇海陆架区的沉积速率为0.6±0.1 mm·a~(-1),白令海陆架区的沉积速率为2.1±0.7 mm·a~(-1)。忽略沉积过程,白令海陆架区由生物扰动引起的混合因子为1.38±0.92 cm2·a~(-1);考虑沉积过程,则混合因子为0.65±0.95 cm2·a~(-1)。白令海的有机碳、生源硅、Ca CO3的埋藏通量分别为:6.85 mmol C·m-2·d-1、37.7 mmol Si·m-2·d-1、3.15 mmol C·m-2·d-1;楚科奇海的有机碳、生源硅、Ca CO3的埋藏通量分别为:5.71 mmol C·m-2·d-1、9.78 mmol Si·m-2·d-1、3.08 mmol C·m-2·d-1。楚科奇海陆架区具有高效的垂直输运的海洋生物泵,白令海陆架区海洋生物泵可能存在较强的水平输运过程。海洋沉积物中210Pb信号不仅可以定量沉积速率和埋藏通量,也在一定程度上反映海洋底栖生物的扰动强度。     

Field experiments on bioturbation in salt marshes (Bombay Hook National Wildlife Refuge,Smyrna, DE,USA): implications for sea‐level studies

The suitability of marsh sites for sea‐level studies was examined based on field experiments along a transect from low to high marsh. Bead distributions were determined both seasonally and after 7 years. Seasonal sediment mixing was greatest in the low marsh and in the late spring and early summer, when biological activity is greatest. However, after an initial interval of relatively intense reworking, the bead concentrations reached an approximate equilibrium profile characteristic of each marsh environment as reflected by the profiles obtained after 7 years. Mixed‐layer thickness is greatest (>10 cm) in the intermediate and low marsh, and burial rates are rapid (3.7–11.1 mm yr^?1). Moreover, burial rates are comparable to or even surpass longer‐term (30 to >150 yr) radiotracer‐derived sediment accumulation rates and rates of local and regional sea‐level rise (～4 mm yr^?1). Therefore, sediment accumulation rates appear to reflect primarily sediment resuspension/redeposition within the system due to bioturbation. Thus, bioturbation may be critical to the ability of marshes to keep pace with sea level, while seemingly precluding the use of low marsh for high‐resolution sea‐level studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Naval Mine Impact Burial Prediction using Seafloor Database,Experiment, and GIS Technologies

The possibility of naval mines buried in the seafloor poses difficulties for navies concerned with port and seaway operations. To devise countermeasures, predictions of degrees of impact burial over wide areas of seabed must be made. Under ideal conditions, this is done with a knowledge of local seabed shear strengths, but in practice, such data are rarely available.

We describe an alternative prediction method. Probabilistic predictions of mine impact burial are made across areas of variable seafloor by combining data on sedimentary character directly with experimental impact burial results. The most useful seafloor characteristics are mud content and consolidation. The predictions are relatively accurate (SD 1–22%), and are computable in detail over wide geographic areas. They are of a form immediately useful for naval operations (including calculations of risk) and are easily displayed in geographic information systems (GIS). An example is shown for the northern Gulf of Mexico.     

二维板状体反演计算产状参数的一种方法

计算磁性矿休(脉)的产状参数,是磁异常解释推断的重要内容。本文主要讨论了利用磁异常复梯度振幅曲线A(x)和相位曲线Φ(x),某些特征点坐标及振幅值计算产状参数的方法—复梯度法。详细地推导了反演计算公式。