Hyper Redundancy for Accuracy Enhancement in Automated Close Range Photogrammetry

A generic network design in close range photogrammetry is one where optimal multi-ray intersection geometry is obtained with as few camera stations as practicable. Hyper redundancy is a concept whereby, once the generic network is in place, many additional images are recorded, with the beneficial impact upon object point precision being equivalent to the presence of multiple exposures at each camera position within the generic network. The effective number of images per station within a hyper redundant network might well be in the range of 10 to 20 or more. As is apparent when it is considered that a hyper redundant network may comprise hundreds of images, the concept is only applicable in practice to fully automatic vision metrology systems, where it proves to be a very effective means of enhancing measurement accuracy at the cost of minimal additional work in the image recording phase. This paper briefly reviews the network design and accuracy aspects of hyper redundancy and illustrates the technique by way of the photogrammetric measurement of surface deformation of a radio telescope of 26 m diameter. This project required an object point measurement accuracy of σ  = 0·065 mm, or 1/400 000 of the diameter of the reflector.     

资源勘查图件计算机辅助编绘系统的结构分析与开发策略研究

如何站在信息系统的高度来进行资源图件计算机辅助编绘系统的快速开发，是资源信息系统领域计算机应用的一个重要研究课题。在结构分析的基础上，将资源图件计算机辅助编绘系统划分为图形数据库，应用图形系统和基础图形系统3个基本部分。对于复杂资源图件的计算机辅助编绘，需要地矿点源信息系统的支持。在基础图形系统上进行专业编绘程序的二次开发是高效建立图件编绘系统的最佳途径，并需注意GIS集成应用，三维可视化，人工智能和参数化设计等方法的运用，而系统平台开发是复杂应用的高级阶段。该思想可应用于煤及油气勘探，工程开发，矿区管理及区域地质等诸多领域的软件开发中。     

三峡库区滑坡治理工程设计中推力荷载计算方法初探

随着三峡水利工程的逐步实施，淹没区移民及新城镇建设等人类工程活动的加剧，以滑坡为主的环境地质问题日益突出。本文从稳定系数、安全系数入手，对铁道、公路等部门常用的设计计算原理进行了研究，并由此类比分析研究了三峡区回水后或库水位正常运行条件下，滑坡治理工程设计计算方法。     

某既有建筑物改造工程地基加固质量的综合检测

随着既有建筑物的增层改造工程的发展和技术的日益成熟 ,为了提高原有建筑物地基土强度和变形能力 ,对其基础加固处理也愈加频繁。如何准确有效地评价其地基加固质量及其空间变化的均匀性是关系此类工程安全可靠的重要保证。本文以某一工程为例 ,讨论既有建筑物增层改造工程的地基加固质量的检测和综合评价方法。该建筑物建于 5 0年代 ,原设计为 5层 ,现增层为 6层 ,采用高压注浆方法进行地基加固处理.     

Optimal design of passive energy dissipation systems based on H∞ and H2 performances

Passive energy dissipation devices (EDDs), such as viscous dampers, viscoelastic dampers, etc., have been used to effectively reduce the dynamic response of civil infrastructures, such as buildings and bridges, subject to earthquakes and strong winds. The design of these passive energy dissipation devices (EDDs) involves the determination of the optimal locations and the corresponding capacities. In this paper, we present two optimal design methodologies for passive EDDs based on active control theories, including H_∞ and H₂ performances, respectively. The optimal design methodologies presented are capable of determining the optimal locations and the corresponding capacities of EDDs. Emphasis is placed on the application of linear matrix inequality (LMI) for the effective design of passive EDDs using the popular MATLAB toolboxes. One important advantage of the proposed approaches is that the computation of the structural response is not needed in the design process. The proposed optimal design methodologies have been applied to: (i) a 10‐storey building and a 24‐storey building both subject to earthquake excitations, and (ii) a 76‐storey wind‐excited benchmark building, to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed design methodologies over the conventional equal capacity design. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Towards a direct collapse–load method of design for concrete frames subjected to severe ground motions

Most current methods of design for concrete structures under earthquake loads rely on highly idealized ‘equivalent’ static representations of the seismic loads and linear‐elastic methods of structural analysis. With the continuing development of non‐linear methods of dynamic analysis for the overload behaviour and collapse of complete concrete structures, a more direct and more accurate design procedure becomes possible which considers conditions at system collapse. This paper describes an evaluation procedure that uses non‐linear dynamic collapse–load analysis together with global safety coefficients. A back‐calibration procedure for evaluating the global safety coefficients is also described. The aim of this paper is to open up discussion of alternative methods of design with improved accuracy which are necessary to move towards a direct collapse–load method of design. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

DEM在公路设计中的应用

根据公路部门的实际工作,利用数字高程模型这一新的数字地理信息产品,采用空间分析的一些方法,应用AMI语言,对公路设计和施工中断面图的绘制、挖、填方量的计算等一些实际问题进行探讨和实践,并在此基础上构建了<宣芜高速公路设计应用示范系统>.     

粉喷桩技术加固软土地基

简介了水泥粉体喷射搅拌加固软土地基的工作机理,结合沪蓉高速公路(沪宁段)地基处理实践,论述了粉喷桩加固软土地基的计算方法.采用粉喷桩加固软基,可加快路堤填土速率,铺筑路面后的工后沉降量能得到有效地控制,保证了工程质量.     

东昆仑东段中更新世以来的成山作用及其动力转换

对东昆仑造山带东段第四纪构造及与地貌关系的分析表明，现代山盆相间的地貌格局成型于中更新世，且在中更新世以来发生了多次构造变形体制的转换。根据布青山北部查干额热格地区第四系剖面的构造、地层时代及地层与构造关系的分析表明，中更新世时期为伸展构造体制，昆仑山内部开始发生了差异隆升，布青山开始崛起。中更新世末应力体制发生急剧变化，由伸展体制转为收缩事件，又急速转为伸展构造体系，短暂的收缩事件造成了中更新世冲洪积层的褶皱，随后的伸展则导致了影响深刻的向北依次断落的阶地状正断层系统。晚更新世应力体系再度发生重大转换，伸展正断层体系被左旋走滑运动体系所代替，并一直延续至今。中更新世以来多次隆升构造变形体制的转换说明东昆仑地区的成山过程受控于多种动力背景，而非单一的挤压抬升。隆升构造变形体系的确定及其时代约束为深入刻划青藏高原东北缘隆升作用的动力过程提供了重要信息。     

用翁氏模型图版设计早期油气田(藏)开发方案

由于缺乏早期资料，设计早期油气田（藏）开发方案是非常困难的。在制作翁氏模型的Qctm/No-ER图版和ER-ctR图版过程提出根据探明储量No、经济极限产量Qc、假定达到峰值产量的时间tm、最终采收率ER，由翁氏模型的Qctm/No-ER图版求取增长指数b，由翁氏模型ER-ctR图版求取ctR，再求出其他参数及所有的油气田（藏）开发指标，完成早期油气田（藏）开发方案设计。