某高层建筑刚性桩复合地基设计分析

根据当地工程地质条件，结合工程结构特点和当地施工技术水平，高层建筑软弱地基采用刚性桩和褥垫层处理，形成复合地基，是—种安全、经济的方法，施工难度小，能充分发挥桩和桩间土的承载力．本文分析了刚性桩桩顶设置粒状材料褥垫层后的桩土变形协调原理，桩和桩间土共同承载荷载的受力机制，复合地基的承载力设计和变形计算方法．提出了复合地基的桩和褥垫层施工质量要求．     

武汉市高层建筑岩土工程问题分析

武汉市是华中地区最大的城市,改革开放以来,兴建了许多高层建筑。高层建筑尤其是超高层建筑的主要特点是高度大、重心高、基底压力大及基础埋深大等。而武汉地区的地质条件又比较复杂,就第四纪地层而言,从最新沉积的各类软土如人工填土、淤泥类土、软塑状粘性土等,到全新世(Q4)沉积的各类砂土与卵砾石,直至晚更新世(Q3)及其以前沉积的老粘土均有分布。各类土层的厚度、深度及性质均变化较大。因此武汉地区高层建筑的岩土工程问题就显得复杂与多样,在众多复杂的岩土工程问题中,本文主要分析了比较突出的基础持力层与基础类型的确定,深基坑开挖中的边坡滑移、基坑涌水、流砂、突涌以及基坑防护等。通过对这些问题的分析,从中可以得出一些规律,对今后高层建筑的兴建具有一定的指导作用。     

钢结构住宅体系墙板及墙板节点足尺模型振动台试验研究

本文对山东安尔发建筑科技有限公司开发的钢结构住宅体系的墙板及墙板节点足尺模型进行了模拟地震振动台试验研究，分析了该体系的自振特性、地震反应特征和破坏现象，特别对外墙板及内墙的节点的抗震性能进行了深入研究，得出了有益的结论，为钢结构住宅体系的进一步推广提供了试验依据。     

采用基础摩擦隔震房屋高宽比限值的研究

大量的试验结果和地震经验表明，采用基础隔震方法能有效地提高建筑物的抗震能力，但建筑物的高度在什么范围，即建筑物的高宽比在什么范围内才适合采用这种方法，仍然是一个有待解决的课题。本文对采用基础滑移隔震多层砌体房屋在实际地震作用下的抗倾覆高宽比限值进行了研究，利用Ｗｉｌｓｏｎ－θ数值积分方法计算，得到了多层砌体房屋的高宽比限值的统计值。其数值结果可供编制建筑隔震设计规程参考。     

既有房屋饱和土地基极限承载力增长的探讨

饱和土地基在既有房屋长期荷载作用下,地基土强度参数值随着地基土的排水固结和压密而提高,地基极限承载力也同时增大,如何估算此提高值而挖掘其潜力,传统方法只是借助于统计回归讨论了设计承载力。本文从土力学基本原理出发,借助Prandtl假定,对既有房屋饱和土地基极限承载力的增长进行了探讨。     

A modal pushover analysis procedure to estimate seismic demands for unsymmetric‐plan buildings

An Erratum has been published for this article in Earthquake Engng. Struct. Dyn. 2004; 33:1429. Based on structural dynamics theory, the modal pushover analysis (MPA) procedure retains the conceptual simplicity of current procedures with invariant force distribution, now common in structural engineering practice. The MPA procedure for estimating seismic demands is extended to unsymmetric‐plan buildings. In the MPA procedure, the seismic demand due to individual terms in the modal expansion of the effective earthquake forces is determined by non‐linear static analysis using the inertia force distribution for each mode, which for unsymmetric buildings includes two lateral forces and torque at each floor level. These ‘modal’ demands due to the first few terms of the modal expansion are then combined by the CQC rule to obtain an estimate of the total seismic demand for inelastic systems. When applied to elastic systems, the MPA procedure is equivalent to standard response spectrum analysis (RSA). The MPA estimates of seismic demand for torsionally‐stiff and torsionally‐flexible unsymmetric systems are shown to be similarly accurate as they are for the symmetric building; however, the results deteriorate for a torsionally‐similarly‐stiff unsymmetric‐plan system and the ground motion considered because (a) elastic modes are strongly coupled, and (b) roof displacement is underestimated by the CQC modal combination rule (which would also limit accuracy of RSA for linearly elastic systems). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Model-Based Approach to Semi-Automated Reconstruction of Buildings from Aerial Images

Automated reconstruction of building objects from aerial images is a complex problem due to the diversity of buildings as well as noise and low contrast of images, which are the results of distant photography, atmospheric effects and poor illumination. In this paper, a semi-automated approach to the reconstruction of parametric building models from aerial images is presented, which works with line segments extracted from the image. The model is selected interactively from a library of parametric models. A perceptual grouping technique is used to select the most significant image lines in terms of relations such as proximity and parallelism. Model lines are searched for the same relations as in the grouped image lines, and the corresponding lines undergo a matching procedure, which determines whether or not a match can be found between the given model and image lines. An experiment with aerial images of flat-roof and gable-roof buildings is shown and its results indicate the robustness and efficiency of the proposed approach.     

Identification of structural parameters of multistorey shear buildings from modal data

A procedure has been presented in this paper to identify the structural parameters, viz. mass and stiffness matrices, from modal test data for multistorey shear buildings. The first two orders of modal data have been used by other researchers to estimate the global matrices where they depend only on measurable points which are less than the total number of structural degrees of freedom. The above method has been refined here by using Holzer criteria along with other numerical methods to estimate the global mass and stiffness matrices of the structure. This shows the methodology to be more efficient and accurate. The reliability of the procedure has been shown by examples of multistorey buildings. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地图综合中建筑物方向的计算方法及适用性分析

建筑物的方向是地图综合过程中的一个基本约束,目前仍没有一个计算建筑物方向的统一方法.本文详细阐述了五种常用的计算方法,分别为最长边法、加权平分线法、统计加权法、最小MBR法和基于墙的均值法.并从其基本原理出发,分析了这五种方法的适用性和局限性.通过两个实验设计和实现,进一步例证了这些方法的适用情况和存在的问题,并发现最小MBR方法较为稳健.