Waveform Shaping of Sonar Transducers for Improving the Vertical Resolution in Sub-bottom Sediments Profiling

Vertical resolution is of fundamental importance in sonar exploration and is directly related to the duration of the acoustic pulse generated by the transducer. The shorter the radiated pulse, the higher the vertical resolution. Many sub-bottom profiling sonar systems use piezoelectric transducers because they are reversible and well understood. Piezoelectric projectors are normally resonant transducers, which are intrinsically narrowband. A piezoelectric transducer is usually driven by a tone-burst. However, it is possible to use Fourier techniques to find a pre-compensated electrical driving function so that the transducer radiates a prescribed wider band acoustic waveform. This technique can be applied to synthesize zero-phase cosine-magnitude, Gaussian, and bionic pulses, with a conventional sandwich transducer. Zero-phase cosine-magnitude waveforms provide minimum length pulses (and therefore maximum resolution) within a prescribed frequency band.The aim of this paper is to illustrate the synthesis of wideband acoustic pulses using an underwater piezoelectric projector. The conventional acoustic waveform radiated when a Tonpiltz transducer is transiently excited using a “click” and allows its frequency response function to be measured. This function is used to design the electrical signal which then drives the transducer so that it radiates the shortest pulse compatible with its mechanical response. The significant resolution enhancement of the waveform shaping process is illustrated by its application to a sediment wedge model.     

A New Retracking Technique for Brown Peaky Altimetric Waveforms

A new Brown-Peaky (BP) retracker has been developed for peaky waveforms that usually appear within ～10 km to the coastline. The main feature of the BP is that it fits peaky waveforms using the Brown model without introducing a peak function. The retracking strategy first detects the peak location and width of a waveform using an adaptive peak detection method, and then estimates retracking parameters using a weighted least squares (WLS) estimator. The WLS assigns a downsized weight to corrupted waveform gates, but an equal weight to other normal waveform gates. The BP retracker has been applied to 4-year Jason-1 waveform (2002–2006) in two Australian coastal zones. The results retracked by BP, MLE4 and ALES retrackers have been validated against tide-gauge observations located at Burnie, Lorne and Broome. The comparison results show that three retrackers have similar performance over open oceans with the correlation coefficient (～0.7) and RMSE (～13 cm) between altimetric and tide-gauge sea levels for distance >7 km offshore. The main improvement of BP retracker occurs for distance ≤7 km to the coastline, where validation results indicate that data retracked by BP are more accurate (15–21 cm) than those by ALES (16–24 cm) and MLE4 (19–37 cm).     

深源远震波形反演介质层状结构

在远场正演计算的基础上，运用３０°～９０°的四个不同深源远震记录波形，通过试错法选取台站下方的结构，借助波场反向重建算法，反演确定宜昌台站下方的速度结构。这一算法的实现有助于提高用试错法所得结果的可靠性和精确度，对于利用天然地震资料研究地球深部构造有一定的实用价值。     

CT-1地震计传递函数测试仪的设计

将计算机控制技术应用到甚宽频带地震计的传递函数测试中。讨论了基本的测试方法和原理，阐述了传递函数测试系统的软、硬件设计，给出了测试系统的应用实例。该测试系统具有正弦波自动扫频、阶跃信号法和脉冲信号法等标定方法，满足了甚宽频带地震计的传递函数测试在观测频带、动态范围和测试精度等方面的要求。     

省级气象业务宽带信息网络构建策略

根据目前省级气象部门业务发展需求,结合当地电信行业的发展状况,提出一种可持续发展的宽带网络构建方案.     

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CryoSat-2卫星海冰区域波形识别及海冰干舷高确定

利用40%阈值法对CryoSat-2卫星波形数据进行重跟踪,将波形特征参数和海冰浓度相结合,对海冰和Lead(浮冰之间的开阔水域)进行有效识别。利用沿轨前后搜索算法计算海冰干舷高,并引用AWI结果,绘制2011~2013年北冰洋多年冰区域和一年冰区域平均海冰干舷高变化趋势图。比较本文结果与AWI结果的各年同期数据,验证本文结果的可靠性。     

宽带接入用户认证技术分析与比较

给出了一个宽带接入用户认证系统的基本模型，并基于此模型对目前被广泛应用的PPPoE、WEB、DHCP等用户认证技术进行了分析与比较。最后，简单介绍了用户认证技术的新成员-802．1x(Port Based Network Access Control Protoco1)协议。     

发射电流波形对瞬变电磁响应的影响

本文研究了不同发射电流波形对瞬变电磁(TEM)响应的影响,利用自由空间中回线作为目标体,推导出方波、梯形波、半正弦波、三角波激励的响应.研究表明:对于低电导率目标体,同种波形激励的响应在有发射电流期间(on-time)与无发射电流期间(off-time)的幅度相近,四种波形中方波激励响应最强.由于off-time采集可以获得更高的信噪比,因而探测低电导率目标体时一般采用方波激励,采集off-time信号.对于高电导率目标体,off-time响应幅度随电导率增加而迅速下降,而半正弦与三角波激励的on-time响应幅度基本不随电导率变化,因而航空TEM可以采用半正弦与三角波进行on-time采集,并通过适当地提高激励电流的基频,以提高信噪比与空间分辨率.     

地震波形分类技术在地质异常体解释中的应用

地震波形分类技术具有统计地震信号总体变化和反映这种变化分布规律的特点,是地震属性分析技术的重要延伸,在地质异常体解释方面具有良好的应用效果。高密度三维地震资料具有高信噪比,高分辨率和高保真度的特点,尝试利用波形分类技术对高密度三维地震资料反映的煤层赋存状态、岩浆岩侵入区进行预测,并对陷落柱解释方法进行了研究。井下巷道实际揭露和钻孔验证结果表明：波形分类方法解释的地质异常体精度高、圈定范围准确,可以为煤矿安全开采提供精准的地质资料。