基于固体潮观测的高精度垂直摆倾斜仪

针对地球固体潮汐监测的要求，介绍了高精度垂直摆倾斜仪的组成和工作原理；论述了差动电容测微传感器技术在垂直摆倾斜仪中的应用；采用空间多体中心构形理论进行倾斜仪机械结构设计；利用复杂双摆理论分析了摆体的动力学特性，并进行了摆体摆动误差的分析计算；提出了用静电进行垂直摆倾斜仪的标定方法。同时，对垂直摆倾斜仪的使用环境和应用情况进行了说明。     

Instability of an underground ancient tomb due to excavation and its relationship to the temperature and ground water

In order to consider a counterplan to preserve an ancient royal tomb in Kongju, Korea, the deformation of the wall structure, the atmospheric temperature in the tomb, and the groundwater level have been monitored. The long-term measurement of biaxial tilting of the tomb walls revealed that the brick-built subsurface opening had been subjected to severe structural instability. The measured deformation of the tomb was consistent with the displacement of soil around the tomb calculated using a numerical analysis. The instability of the tomb structure is closely related to the rainy season as the deformations measured are several times that in the dry season. A sudden change of temperature inside the tomb exerted an influence on the deformation of the tomb structure as well. It is suggested that the excavation be restored for tourists, the quicklime layer for preventing groundwater infiltration is reinforced, and a constant temperature is kept inside the tomb. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

甚宽频带地震计频域标定的相关处理技术--用正交相关法提高大噪声条件下正弦波标定的精度

研究了正交相关法的数学原理,给出了仿真计算与测试应用的实例。结果表明,正交相关法具有很强的噪声抑制能力,克服了大噪声对标定精度的影响,大大提高了甚宽频带地震计的频域标定精度。     

Observations on the leader-return stroke of cloud-to-ground lightning with the broadband interferometer

Radio frequency observations of cloud-to-ground lightning (CG) were made in 1999 in Guangdong Province with the broadband lightning interferometer. In this paper, radiation source locations and electric field waveforms are analyzed for different types of breakdown events, including the preliminary breakdown of in-cloud activities, the stepped leaders of initial strokes to ground and activities during and following return strokes. It is shown that the structure and development of lightning discharges and associated breakdown processes can be reconstructed by using this new type of lightning radiation source location system. The detectable radiation of lightning was primarily produced by the negative breakdown process. The channel was concentrated with few branches during the preliminary breakdown stage of CG lightning flashes. The radiation sources appeared generally at the tip of the channel. During the late period of the stepped leader, the radiation sources were dispersed with branches extended away from the main channel. The radiation sources were in a certain length segment of the channel and the altitude of the segment descended along with the propagation of the leader to the ground. During the preliminary breakdown and the stepped leader of initial strokes to the ground, a sequence of fast negative streamers were observed to start continually from or farther away the lightning-initiated region and propagate along the developed leader channel, which may supply negative charge that assisted the leader’s development. The progression speed of fast negative streamers was about ten times faster than the average speed of lightning channel.     

宽频带负反馈地震计的实用标定方法

阐述了一种低成本有效标定宽频带负反馈地震计的方法,给出了实际标定结果和数据处理方法。     

近10年中国16个台站大气气溶胶光学厚度的变化特征分析

应用宽带消光法从1993～2002年中国16个辐射观测站小时累积太阳直接辐射资料,反演了逐时气溶胶光学厚度值,并统计日、月、年的平均值,用作气溶胶光学厚度变化特征分析.结果表明,16个辐射站总的年平均气溶胶光学厚度在0.32～0.36之间变化,沈阳和郑州两站的气溶胶光学厚度有明显增加的趋势,而哈尔滨、兰州、广州、北京等站气溶胶光学厚度则有明显减弱的趋势.就季节变化而言,一般气溶胶光学厚度最大值出现在春季.月平均气溶胶光学厚度与月平均能见度有较好的负相关关系.     

递归型多业务宽带GEO卫星网络跨层流量控制算法研究

提出了一种递归型多业务跨层流量控制算法。该算法首先将多业务输入的流量控制问题抽象为具有输入端速率控制机制的缓冲区门限优化问题,建立多输入递归型SFM单节点模型MRSFM;确定了反映用户应用层QoS丢包和延时性能要求的系统代价函数,建立了用于跨层流量控制优化模型。在跨层优化模型的基础上,以建立的MRSFM模型为基础,运用IPA方法推导了代价函数相对于优化参数(缓冲区门限)的IPA导数,并利用SA理论进行优化。仿真实验验证了宽带GEO卫星网络跨层流量控制算法的正确性。     

宽带太阳漫射辐射法反演辐射加权平均的气溶胶一次散射反照率研究

引入了一个辐射加权平均的宽带气溶胶一次散射反照率(SSA)的定义,提出了一个从宽带的漫射信息反演该SSA的方法.数值模拟结果表明,在Junge气溶胶谱分布情形下,对气溶胶光学厚度、(A)ngstr(o)m 指数与气溶胶虚部的通常变化范围,应用该SSA所计算的2160组宽带太阳辐射反射率、漫射透过率、总透过率和吸收率的相对标准误差都在1.107%以内; 绝对标准差在0.00287以内.对非Junge的大陆性和都市工业污染气溶胶模式(由水溶性、沙尘和碳粒子组成),在72组反射率、漫射透过率、总透过率和吸收率计算中,相对标准差都在2.047%以内,绝对标准差在0.0075以内.在Junge气溶胶假设下,作者提出了一个综合应用宽带太阳直射和漫射信息同时反演气溶胶光学厚度与辐射加权平均SSA的方法,并通过模拟反演分析了SSA反演的3个主要误差因子.从反演结果可以看出:(1)如果(A)ngstr(o)m指数误差在±0.2以内,对0.55 μm气溶胶光学厚度大于0.312大陆性气溶胶,SSA误差在±0.0418以内;(2)波长无关的宽带地表反照率适用于SSA反演;(3)气溶胶光学厚度越大,辐射资料误差所引起的SSA解误差越小.当辐射误差在±2%以内以及0.55 μm气溶胶光学厚度大于0.312时,SSA解的误差在±0.0149以内; 辐射误差在±4%以内时,SSA解的误差在±0.0317以内.     

武昌台JCZ-1地震计LP通道的信号分析

对武汉地震基准台JCZ-1超宽频地震计加速度信号通道的记录数据进行了分析,并对其中垂直分量记录的信息进行了潮汐计算。结果表明：JCZ-1超宽频地震计LP加速度通道记录的观测信号以固体潮汐信息为主,其中垂直分量记录的主要是重力固体潮,其观测基本达到传统固体潮仪器的精度水平。给出了经典的Venedikov调和分析结果。     

南海北部荔湾3区块天然气水合物分布特征及目标识别

针对天然气水合物钻探与取样难以解决的水合物矿体空间展布等问题,利用白云-荔湾凹陷高密度分析重新处理的三维地震资料,首先基于模糊数学的多属性融合技术对水合物分布进行刻画;再通过高分辨率速度场对浅层开展高分辨率宽频无井反演技术,提高了水合物层分辨率;最后,利用岩石物理方法及多种模型对水合物饱和度进行定量预测,实现了对5～6m厚水合物层的有效辨别,进而形成了一套适合于孔隙充填型的水合物矿藏目标识别评方法。结果表明:应用该技术可有效对荔湾3水合物富集区第四条带水合物空间刻画,揭示出该区水合物饱和度最高可超40%,同时薄层与厚层水合物具有明显互层分布特征,在水合物矿体刻画及饱和度预测基础上,进一步对该区实施了井位优选,该方法预测的水合物层与实际钻探H1和H2站位吻合较好。这些结果说明常规三维油气地震数据在经过宽频处理后可应用于高分辨率水合物勘探,节约经济成本,同时提高了常规地震在水合物勘探中精度与实用性。