地震计恒温低湿智能监控仪研制

摆房温度、湿度变化过大,地震计会出现靠摆、卡摆、标定不合格等故障现象,直接影响观测质量。为确保地震计工作环境恒温、低湿,观测数据连续、可靠,研制地震计低温低湿智能监控仪。     

宽频带地震计零位状态的实时监控与发布

为了提高地震台站运行质量,减少零漂超范围对宽频带地震计正常运行的影响,对宽频带地震计零位状态实现了实时监视,并通过微信发送给运维工作人员。     

基于微机电的速度型地震传感器技术仿真

随着微机电技术的广泛应用,开发微型化的新型地震计成为发展趋势。本文分析了微机电速度型地震传感器的基本原理,根据实际需求,用multisim软件对微机电速度型地震传感器的加速度／速度积分电路的电路特性进行仿真,并提出了微机电速度型地震传感器的实现方法。     

横波勘探在海洋天然气水合物调查中的应用

在地震勘探领域,利用纵波(P-w)、横波(S-w)、转换横波(PS-w)进行联合多波勘探已成为近年来的热点。文中主要介绍了将陆上三分量横波勘探方法引入深海天然气水合物勘探工作中所取得的成果。首先介绍横波勘探在陆上地震中的成熟技术和勘探优势,并结合我国南海海域天然气水合物的地球物理特征和成矿特点,给出了技术应用的可能性,提出了一系列技术方案。最后介绍了广州海洋地质调查局在2000年以来进行三分量海底横波勘探天然气水合物方法的研究进展,并提出了一些设想和建议。     

地震计时域标定的噪声数据处理

分析了在甚宽频带地震计的时域标定中存在的各种噪声，探讨了相应的处理方法，重点阐述了对阶跃标定影响最大的长周期漂移噪声的处理方法——漂移曲线拟合法。     

Comment on 'Systematic determination of earthquake rupture directivity and fault planes from analysis of long-period P-wave spectra' by L. M. Warren and P. M. Shearer

Warren and Shearer describe a method of estimating the duration of P pulses radiated by earthquakes, on the assumption that the source is a unilateral fracture. The estimates are made in the frequency domain. The estimates obtained by Warren and Shearer for seven of the earthquakes are compared to durations estimated here in the time domain; the time-domain measurements being made on broad-band seismograms (∼0.1–4.0 Hz) derived by filtering from short-period recordings. Overall, the time-domain method indicates that the pulse duration of the earthquakes studied here range from 2.0 to 7.6 s, whereas the estimates from the results of Warren and Shearer range from 7.1 to 9.8 s. This suggests that the method of Warren and Shearer cannot resolve pulse lengths less than about 7 s. The suggestion is supported by the estimates of the duration of rupture—fault length/speed of rupture—implied by the results of Warren and Shearer. For, although the estimated fault-length ranges from 0.8 km to over 40 km most rupture durations are around 8 s.     

Differences in the Crustal and Uppermost Mantle Structure of the Bohemian Massif from Teleseismic Receiver Functions

A target of our study was the Bohemian Massif in Central Europe that was emplaced during the Variscan orogeny. We used teleseismic records from ten broadband stations lying within and around the massif. Different techniques of receiver function interpretation were applied, including 1-D inversion of R- and Q-components, forward modelling of V _s velocity, and simultaneous determination of Moho depth and Poissons ratio in the crust. These results provide new, independent information about the distribution of S wave velocity down to about 60 km depth. In the area of Bohemian Massif, the crustal thickness varies from 29 km in the NW to 40 km in the SE. A relatively simple velocity structure with gradually increasing velocities in the crust and uppermost mantle is observed in the eastern part of the Bohemian Massif. The western part of the massif is characterized by more complicated structure with low S wave velocities in the upper crust, as well as in the uppermost mantle. This could be related to tectono-magmatic activity in the Eger rift that started in the uppermost Cretaceous and was active in the West Bohemia-Vogland area till the late Cenozoic.     

RADIATIVE COOLING AND BROADBAND PHENOMENON IN LOW-FREQUENCY WAVES

In this paper, we analyze the effects of radiative cooling on the pure baroclinic low-frequency waves under the approximation of equatorial β-plane and semi-geostrophic condition. The results show that radiative cooling does not, exclusively, provide the damping effects on the development of low-frequency waves.Under the delicate radiative-convective equilibrium, radiative effects will alter the phase speed and wave period,and bring about the broadband of phase velocity and wave period by adjusting the vertical profiles of diabaticheating. When the intensity of diabatic heating is moderate and appropriate, it is conductive to the development and sustaining of the low-frequency waves and their broadband phenomena, not the larger, the better. The radiative cooling cannot be neglected in order to reach the moderate and appropriate intensity of diabatic heating.     

Broadband seismic experiment at Merapi Volcano, Java, Indonesia: very-long-period pulses embedded in multiphase earthquakes

Multiphase (MP) and low frequency (LF) earthquakes with spectral peak amplitudes at 3–4 and 1 Hz, respectively, are two common types of shallow volcanic earthquakes previously recognized at Merapi Volcano. Their mechanisms are poorly understood but MPs have been temporally associated with lava dome growth. We conducted a seismic experiment in January–February 1998, using four broadband seismographs to investigate the nature of seismic activity associated with dome growth. During our experiment, Merapi experienced mild dome growth with low-level seismic activity. We compare our data to that recorded on a local short-period (SP) network, with the following preliminary results.MP and LF events as recorded and classified on the short-period network instruments were recognized on the broadband network. Frequency spectrograms revealed similar patterns in the near summit region at widely separated broadband stations. Higher frequency spectra than previously recognized were identified for both MP and LF events, and were strongly attenuated as a function of radial distance from the source. Thus the spectral characteristics of these events as recorded on far-field stations are not fully indicative of the source processes. In particular, many events classified as LF-type appear to have much high frequency energy near the source. This aspect of these so-called LF earthquakes, and their association with very-long-period (VLP) pulses, suggests that many events identified in the far-field as LF events are in actuality a variety of the MP event and involve similar source processes. Broadband records indicated that simple large-amplitude VLP pulses were embedded in MP and LF wavetrains. From event to event these pulses were similar in their waveforms and had periods of 4 s. VLP events embedded in LF and MP earthquakes were located using particle motions. The epicenters were clustered in a central region of the dome complex, and preliminary source depths were within about 100 m of the dome surface, suggesting a source region deep within the dome or the uppermost conduit. A similar source location was established by study of MP high-frequency onsets. Our broadband data suggests that we have recorded both elastic seismic waves and a simple embedded pulse that is interpreted to represent a surface tilt at the seismometer site. The inferred tilt indicates an inflation and subsequent deflation, possibly caused by a gas pressure pulse or episodic shallow magma transport with stick-slip movement of the conduit wall.     

GPS地震仪:PANDA软件测试结果与验证

介绍了基于PANDA软件的高采样率GPS数据非差精密定位方法,为了验证高采样GPS技术与地震仪观测结果的一致性,进行了震动平台模拟数据试验。试验结果表明,高采样GPS和地震仪均能有效地恢复平台震动位移和震动主频率。对2010年Baja地震实际观测的GPS和强震仪进行分析,结果表明,利用高采样GPS技术不仅能成功获取地震波信号;而且能同时获得地表永久形变信息;而地震仪只能获取地震波信息,而不能直接获得地表永久形变信息。