JCZ─1超宽频带地震计

ＪＣＺ─１超宽频带地震计是为中国甚宽频带数字地震观测试验系统研制的新型仪器，由一个垂直向和两个水平向地震计组成，频带为ＤＣ─２０Ｈｚ。每个地震计分别有两个通道输出：２０Ｈｚ─３６０秒的速度平坦输出和３６０秒─ＤＣ的加速度平坦输出，复盖了从短周期地震波至固体潮汐的宽广频带。仪器具有高灵敏度、低噪声特点，动态范围大于１４０ｄＢ。地震计采用力平衡式的负反馈系统，传递函数稳定，具有密封、磁屏蔽和高精度恒温功能的环境保护装置，有效地抑制了大气压力、外部磁场及温度变化对仪器的影响，使地震计在超低频端也能稳定工作。     

应用GPR获取水文地质参数研究初探

探地雷达(GPR)能够在不同空间尺度上采集水文地质数据来对地下特征进行详细描述,近年来被广泛应用于探测地下结构和埋藏体。本文简要介绍了GPR的工作原理、探测方式及其应用条件;探讨了GPR获取多孔介质水力参数的物理机制;分别利用50MHz和25MHz天线对同一断面进行等采样距测量,经分层标定和时间拾取,获取了沿测线非饱和带含水率及饱和带的孔隙度和渗透系数,并将结果与钻孔取样的岩性进行了对比,结果合理。     

地质雷达探测工程的几个问题

地质雷达（GPR）探测技术在浅层地质勘探领域广泛应用，并取得较好的应用效果。文章针对消除干扰的方法、关于防空洞探测、关于公路路面检测和隧道衬砌质量检测、地下岩溶探测等内容进行了探讨。     

时域有限差分法(FDTD)模拟探地雷达极化测量

由于探地雷达偶极天线具有电磁极化特性,其发射天线主要发射沿着天线长轴方向的线性极化波,而接收天线对这种极化方向的电磁波也最灵敏。因此,在对混凝土中钢筋、电缆等目标体进行检测时,利用天线的极化特性可以了解目标体的延伸。时域有限差分法是麦克斯韦方程的直接时域法,其计算简单、直观、灵活性强、计算精度高、动态范围大。利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对地质雷达极化测量进行了正演模拟,取得了很好的效果。     

Quantifying rates of coastal progradation from sediment volume using GPR and OSL: the Holocene fill of Guichen Bay, south-east South Australia

Guichen Bay on the south‐east coast of South Australia faces west towards the prevailing westerly winds of the Southern Ocean. The bay is backed by a 4 km wide Holocene beach‐ridge plain with more than 100 beach ridges. The morphology of the Guichen Bay strandplain complex shows changes in the width, length, height and orientation of beach ridges. A combination of geomorphological interpretation, shallow geophysics and existing geochronology is used to interpret the Holocene fill of Guichen Bay. Six sets of beach ridges are identified from the interpretation of orthorectified aerial photographs. The ridge sets are distinguished on the basis of beach‐ridge orientation and continuity. A 2·25 km ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) profile across the beach ridges reveals the sedimentary structures and stratigraphic units. The beach ridges visible in the surface topography are a succession of stabilized foredunes that overlie progradational foreshore and upper shoreface sediments. The beach progrades show multiple truncation surfaces interpreted as storm events. The GPR profile shows that there are many more erosion surfaces in the subsurface than beach ridges on the surface. The width and dip of preserved beach progrades imaged by GPR shows that the shoreface has steepened from around 2·9° to around 7·5°. The changes in beach slope are attributed to increasing wave energy associated with beach progradation into deeper water as Guichen Bay was infilled. At the same time, the thickness of the preserved beach progrades increases slightly as the beach prograded into deeper water. Using the surface area of the ridge sets measured from the orthophotography, and the average thickness of upper shoreface, foreshore and coastal dune sands interpreted from the GPR profile, the volume of Holocene sediments within three of the six sets of beach‐ridge accretion has been calculated. Combining optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages and volume calculations, rates of sediment accumulation for Ridge Sets 3, 4 and 5 have been estimated. Linear rates of beach‐ridge progradation appear to decrease in the mid‐Holocene. However, the rates of sediment accumulation calculated from beach volumes have remained remarkably consistent through the mid‐ to late Holocene. This suggests that sediment supply to the beach has been constant and that the decrease in the rate of progradation is due to increasing accommodation space as the beach progrades into deeper water. Changes in beach‐ridge morphology and orientation reflect environmental factors such as changes in wave climate and wind regime.     

2005年珠穆朗玛峰峰顶冰雪层厚度测定

介绍了雷达探测技术（GPR）原理及其与GPS集成的峰顶专用雷达探测设备和测量情况。经过对测量数据的处理与分析，获得峰顶觇标处的冰雪层厚度为3．50m，为珠穆朗玛峰岩石面高程的确定提供了可靠参数。     

河北VP型宽频带垂直摆倾斜仪映震效能及时频特征分析

利用河北地区8套VP型宽频带垂直摆倾斜仪的连续观测资料,从映震特征及映震能力等方面讨论其映震效能,并对其时频响应特征进行分析。结果显示：1）河北地区宽频带垂直摆倾斜仪的映震能力与震级和震中距正相关,与震源深度负相关（崇礼台除外）;对于同一地震而言,各台站震中距的远近与仪器映震能力相关性不大。2）8套仪器均能记录到较为完整的远震地震波信息,从波形上能够清晰看到P波与S波的起始时刻。3）时频分析结果显示,仪器能够记录到较为完整的面波信号,但受采样率的限制,体波（P波和S波）信号记录不全,无法记录到0.5 Hz以上的信号。4）由于厂家修改了崇礼台仪器的高端截止频率参数,调整后仪器记录的高频成分增多,信噪比降低,对浅源地震的映震效能产生了与其他仪器相反的结论,对该仪器参数的修改结果需作进一步验证。     

探地雷达在确定全新世海侵线方面的应用

针对全新世大暖期古海岸线位置的不确定性问题,提出了一种利用探地雷达进行最大海侵位置追踪的方法,在探地雷达可获得连续沉积地层图像的理论基础上,在具有丰富研究资料的莱州湾东岸开展了实验研究。结果表明,利用Mala RAMAC100MHz天线结合相应的图像处理手段,能够识别区域10 m以内浅地层中海陆相沉积物分界面,与已有钻孔和现场探挖浅孔剖面对比,具有较好的一致性。证实了利用探地雷达追踪全新世海侵时期古地层、将海相层尖灭点处确定为最大海侵线位置,进一步恢复古环境是可行的。本文为研究古海岸线位置提供的方法,即通过探地雷达探测地层,得到高清的可视化图像,这使得古海岸线位置确定更精确、更直观。     

GPR Surveying in the kernel area of Grove Mountains,Antarctica

The Grove Mountains, located between the Zhongshan Station and Dome A, are a very important area in inland Antarctic research. China has organized five investigations of the Grove Mountains, encompassing the geological structure, ancient climate, meteorites, ice-movement monitoring, basic mapping, meteorological observations, and other multi-disciplinary observational studies. During the 26th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition in 2010, the Grove Mountains investigation team applied specialized ground-penetrating radar(GPR) to survey subglacial topography in the eastern kernel area of the Grove Mountains. In this paper, we processed GPS and GPR data gathered in the field and drew, for the first time, two subglacial topographic maps of the Grove Mountains kernel area using professional graphics software. The preliminary results reveal the mystery of the nunatak landform of this area, give an exploratory sense of the real bedrock landforms, and indicate a possible sedimentary basin under the Pliocene epoch fossil ice in the Grove Mountains area. Additionally, it has been proven from cross-sectional analysis between Mount Harding and the Zakharoff ridge that the box-valley shape between two nunataks has already matured. ′     

Potentials of monitoring rock fall hazards by GPR: considering as example the results of Salzburg

A part of the IUGS-UNESCO research project "Landslide Hazard Assessment and Cultural Heritage" (IGCP-Project No. 425) includes testing the application of geophysical methods for assessing hazard risks to people and cultural assets. In this work, Austria contributed with a study on the assessment of rock-fall hazards. As the Old Town of Salzburg is a prime example of such hazards, systematic GPR-measurements were made on major rock surfaces. The aim of the exploration with GPR was to assess the potential of the method for monitoring rock walls. That is, whether structures in the rock mass which could become important when considering the risk of a rock fall, can be imaged. To manage this problem successfully, moving the antenna over the rough rock surface was made as regular as possible. The effects of vegetation lifting the antenna from the rock surface and of overhanging regions could not be avoided. Due to the loss of coupling of the antenna and the change of radiation pattern, some interference of the records occurred. Thus, only after processing could it become clear which reflections came from within the rock. A three-dimensional survey of discontinuities in the rock requires accurate mapping of the rock surface by photogrammetric methods, to get a digital terrain model for the analysis of the GPR records. The results of repeated measurements have proved to be of essential relevance. They have shown that it is possible to reveal changes with time. For the interpretation of such observations, modeling is a very useful tool.