用微型地下室坑式摆墩方式解决BBVS-60宽频带地震计零漂问题

分析了在四川省西昌数字测震台网"十五"项目中安装BBVS-60和CMG-3ESPC三分向宽频带地震计记录时遇到的零漂问题。通过实例证明了在一体化的地表观测房中,通过修建微型地下室构筑坑式摆墩的方法,能够有效解决由于环境变化产生的宽频带地震计记录时遇到的零漂问题,确保宽频带地震计正常记录工作。优点有:(1)满足了宽频带地震计对观测环境条件的要求;(2)大幅度降低了工程造价;(3)便于地震计维护;(4)有效地降低了地表噪声水平。     

基于地质雷达和钻孔数据的三维地层建模

为了结合地质雷达探测图像和钻孔数据共同用于地层的三维建模,根据反射波组的同相性和反射波形的相似性,通过与钻孔采样数据的对比,从处理后的地质雷达数据中提取出虚拟钻孔数据用于建模;基于该类数据的一般分布特点,根据曲面光顺的条件构建了网格的插值算法。采用该方法对某区域进行了三维地层建模。     

An englacial image and water pathways of the Fourcade glacier on King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, inferred from ground-penetrating radar

The distribution of small fractures and water content of the Fourcade glacier on King George Island, Antarctica, was investigated in November 2006 and December 2007 by two ground-based (470-and 490-m-long profiles) and one helicopter-borne (470-m-long profile) ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys using 50-, 100-, and 500-MHz antennas. Radar images in the pre-migrated GPR sections are characterized by a smooth ice surface and irregular bed topography, numerous diffraction hyperbolas in the ice and at the g...     

Ground penetrating radar for facies architecture and high-resolution stratigraphy: Examples from the Mesoproterozoic in the Chapada Diamantina Basin,Brazil

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) surveys were conducted on Mesoproterozoic eolian, fluvial, deltaic, estuarine, and shallow marine successions in the Chapada Diamantina Basin. The subsurface continuation of facies and facies architecture exposed on road cuts was imaged using the GPR signal of a 400-MHz antenna penetrating 8 m in depth, even with mudstone intervals. Reflection patterns in the GPR profiles that were compared with photo mosaics of outcrops and supporting data from vertical sections and gamma ray logs, reveal sedimentary, stratigraphic, and structural features, such as sedimentary structures, the external geometry of architectural elements, stratigraphic surfaces, folds and tension gashes. The patterns most likely reflect the response from low-weathered, non-porous muscovite-illite-rich mudstone and quartzarenite sandstone in which authigenic and detrital illite and sericite are prevalent clay minerals.Measured vertical sections and radar stratigraphy indicate high-frequency cyclic successions of estuarine and shoreface intervals are present at the base of the Tombador Formation. The shoreface intervals are composed of heterolithic strata and offshore tidal bars deposits. The heterolithic shoreface strata exhibit tabular geometry that can be easily identified throughout the outcrop and in the subsurface. Such intervals represent the end of high-frequency transgressive cycles, and hence they are potential candidates for including the maximum flooding surfaces and for defining genetic sequences. Therefore, GPR proved to be an independent method for studying facies architecture and the establishment of a high-resolution stratigraphic framework even in the Precambrian.     

JCZ─1超宽频带地震计

ＪＣＺ─１超宽频带地震计是为中国甚宽频带数字地震观测试验系统研制的新型仪器，由一个垂直向和两个水平向地震计组成，频带为ＤＣ─２０Ｈｚ。每个地震计分别有两个通道输出：２０Ｈｚ─３６０秒的速度平坦输出和３６０秒─ＤＣ的加速度平坦输出，复盖了从短周期地震波至固体潮汐的宽广频带。仪器具有高灵敏度、低噪声特点，动态范围大于１４０ｄＢ。地震计采用力平衡式的负反馈系统，传递函数稳定，具有密封、磁屏蔽和高精度恒温功能的环境保护装置，有效地抑制了大气压力、外部磁场及温度变化对仪器的影响，使地震计在超低频端也能稳定工作。     

应用GPR获取水文地质参数研究初探

探地雷达(GPR)能够在不同空间尺度上采集水文地质数据来对地下特征进行详细描述,近年来被广泛应用于探测地下结构和埋藏体。本文简要介绍了GPR的工作原理、探测方式及其应用条件;探讨了GPR获取多孔介质水力参数的物理机制;分别利用50MHz和25MHz天线对同一断面进行等采样距测量,经分层标定和时间拾取,获取了沿测线非饱和带含水率及饱和带的孔隙度和渗透系数,并将结果与钻孔取样的岩性进行了对比,结果合理。     

地质雷达探测工程的几个问题

地质雷达（GPR）探测技术在浅层地质勘探领域广泛应用，并取得较好的应用效果。文章针对消除干扰的方法、关于防空洞探测、关于公路路面检测和隧道衬砌质量检测、地下岩溶探测等内容进行了探讨。     

时域有限差分法(FDTD)模拟探地雷达极化测量

由于探地雷达偶极天线具有电磁极化特性,其发射天线主要发射沿着天线长轴方向的线性极化波,而接收天线对这种极化方向的电磁波也最灵敏。因此,在对混凝土中钢筋、电缆等目标体进行检测时,利用天线的极化特性可以了解目标体的延伸。时域有限差分法是麦克斯韦方程的直接时域法,其计算简单、直观、灵活性强、计算精度高、动态范围大。利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对地质雷达极化测量进行了正演模拟,取得了很好的效果。     

Quantifying rates of coastal progradation from sediment volume using GPR and OSL: the Holocene fill of Guichen Bay, south-east South Australia

Guichen Bay on the south‐east coast of South Australia faces west towards the prevailing westerly winds of the Southern Ocean. The bay is backed by a 4 km wide Holocene beach‐ridge plain with more than 100 beach ridges. The morphology of the Guichen Bay strandplain complex shows changes in the width, length, height and orientation of beach ridges. A combination of geomorphological interpretation, shallow geophysics and existing geochronology is used to interpret the Holocene fill of Guichen Bay. Six sets of beach ridges are identified from the interpretation of orthorectified aerial photographs. The ridge sets are distinguished on the basis of beach‐ridge orientation and continuity. A 2·25 km ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) profile across the beach ridges reveals the sedimentary structures and stratigraphic units. The beach ridges visible in the surface topography are a succession of stabilized foredunes that overlie progradational foreshore and upper shoreface sediments. The beach progrades show multiple truncation surfaces interpreted as storm events. The GPR profile shows that there are many more erosion surfaces in the subsurface than beach ridges on the surface. The width and dip of preserved beach progrades imaged by GPR shows that the shoreface has steepened from around 2·9° to around 7·5°. The changes in beach slope are attributed to increasing wave energy associated with beach progradation into deeper water as Guichen Bay was infilled. At the same time, the thickness of the preserved beach progrades increases slightly as the beach prograded into deeper water. Using the surface area of the ridge sets measured from the orthophotography, and the average thickness of upper shoreface, foreshore and coastal dune sands interpreted from the GPR profile, the volume of Holocene sediments within three of the six sets of beach‐ridge accretion has been calculated. Combining optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages and volume calculations, rates of sediment accumulation for Ridge Sets 3, 4 and 5 have been estimated. Linear rates of beach‐ridge progradation appear to decrease in the mid‐Holocene. However, the rates of sediment accumulation calculated from beach volumes have remained remarkably consistent through the mid‐ to late Holocene. This suggests that sediment supply to the beach has been constant and that the decrease in the rate of progradation is due to increasing accommodation space as the beach progrades into deeper water. Changes in beach‐ridge morphology and orientation reflect environmental factors such as changes in wave climate and wind regime.