钢筋混凝土GPR检测图像的目标体快速识别技术

在一般的城建工程结构体的探地雷达检测中,为减小检测工作周期,需要进行现场探测、处理及解释;或是检测工区数据量大,逐个剖面进行人工处理解释需要很大的工作量和工作时间。为解决这些问题,引入了基于F—K偏移及小波变换法图像分割的目标体快速识别技术,对钢筋混凝土探地雷达检测图像进行处理,达到了对钢筋混凝土结构探地雷达检测图像快速处理与解释的效果,也为能够把数据处理程序直接嵌入探地雷达系统中提供理论基础。     

新的机遇,新的挑战--关于"十五"工作的设想

地震科学经历近百年的发展,现已步入中年.文章介绍针对地震科学当前面临的主要问题,IASPEI采取的措施和努力的方向,其中强调了宽频带数字地震观测在地震研究中的作用.这些背景值得我们在编制"十五"规划时借鉴.     

偏移技术在GPR资料处理中的研究

针对GPR剖面中存在的绕射波影响资料处理和解释问题,根据雷达波波动方程和声波波动方程在形式上的一致性,合理地将地震勘探中成熟的相位移波动方程偏移法、克希霍夫积分偏移法和有限差分波动方程偏移法引入到GPR资料处理中。理论模型的试验和实测资料的处理分析表明,该方法有较好的效果。     

现代地震目录

８０年代以来，随着地震学观测与研究的发展，愈来愈多的新的地震参数的测定开始从研究成果转化为常规工作，地震目录无论是在内容上还是在形式上都出现了相当大的变化。本文讨论了现代地震目录的主要特点及其在构造研究、地震预报研究和地震问题的非线性物理学研究中的应用。     

青海玛多MS7.4地震安西站VP宽频带倾斜仪数据特征分析

青海玛多M_S7.4地震前甘肃省安西县地震监测站VP宽频带倾斜仪出现明显异常变化且记录到该地震的同震波形。结合CTS-1地震计进行融合分析可知,2套仪器同震波形的震相到时基本同步,表明2套仪器具有可靠性和一致性,但震相记录特征存在差异。2021-04-17 VP宽频带倾斜仪数据打破原有倾斜趋势,年变向西北方向倾斜,05-13恢复为向西南方向倾斜,震前记录到倾角急剧增大的方位与震中至台站的方位一致,倾斜旋转变化方向与区域构造应力方向一致。在同时段时均值数据时频谱中,异常时段存在（1.085~4.340）×10^-6 Hz(周期为64~128 h)的低频信号。此次地震中2套仪器的优势频率和时频变化特征存在显著差异,这种差异可能与2套仪器不同的机械结构、频段宽度、采样频率有关。     

基于DOA估计的阵列式探地雷达逆向投影目标成像方法

本文针对阵列式天线探地雷达系统的目标成像问题,理论模拟分析了最小二乘(LS)估计、Capon估计、幅度相位估计(APES)三种波束形成算法在目标回波到达角(direction of arrival,DOA)估计上的效果和精度,提出了基于DOA估计的阵列式探地雷达逆向投影目标成像方法。该方法综合利用多输入多输出(MIMO)阵列信号估计得到的目标回波信号DOA和阵列空间观测信息对目标体进行成像,通过成像点空间扫描对各测点估计DOA幅度值在成像点的加权积分进行目标定位及反射强度估计。该方法实现简单高效,可以广泛应用于地下简单目标体的快速成像。     

Broadband Plasma Waves In The MagnetopauseAnd Polar Cap Boundary Layers

Boundary layers occurring in the magnetosphere can support a wide spectrumof plasma waves spanning a frequency range of a few mHz to tens of kHz andbeyond. This review describes the main characteristics of the broadband plasma waves observed in the Earth's low-latitude magnetopause boundary layer (LLBL), in the polar cap boundary layer (PCBL), and the possible generation mechanisms. The broadband waves at the low-latitude boundary layer are sufficiently intense to cause the diffusion of the magnetosheath plasma across the closed magnetospheric field lines at a rate rapid enough to populate and maintain the boundary layer itself. The rapid pitch angle scattering of energetic particles via cyclotron resonant interactionswith the waves can provide sufficient precipitation energy flux to the ionosphere to create the dayside aurora. In general, the broadband plasma waves may play an important part in the processes of local heating/acceleration of the boundary layer plasma.     

Photographing layer thicknesses and discontinuities in a marble quarry with 3D GPR visualisation

An important problem of marble-quarry management is assessing the quality and the homogeneity of quarry blocks before excavation. In this study, we decided to image the limestone, which we studied in a marble quarry, in terms of layer thickness, discontinuities and cavities using the ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) method. The method was successfully applied to detect and map the fractures with the cavities in a marble layer according to depth in the Ankara City Polatli Town (Turkey) region, which represents upper Miocene–Pliocene lacustrine carbonate rocks.This paper is based on interactive transparent 3D visualisation of the 2D GPR profiles to determine changes in layer thickness and discontinuities. In addition, this paper indicates the importance of the appropriate opacity-function construction to obtain transparent 3D visualisation. Firstly we acquired and processed parallel 2D GPR profile data, then we assigned two different amplitude–colour ranges using a limited number of colours to determine the layer thickness and its discontinuities separately. We obtained a 3D volume using parallel 2D GPR data and displayed a limited amplitude range by arranging an opacity function. Therefore, we obtained transparent 3D blocks for thickness and discontinuities, and we formulated an interactive 3D display to image the horizontal, vertical and inclined discontinuities and their directions in the x–y plane versus depth. The GPR results were compared with the petrographical investigation on the basis of textural and mineralogical compositions. The vesicular textures within carbonate platform were supported by the GPR results.     

宝昌地震台面波震级MS与宽频带面波震级MS (BB)对比分析

选取2016—2017年宝昌地震台记录的全球220次M_S≥6.0地震,对所选地震的面波震级重新量取,为更好实现单台新旧震级的“无缝”对接,进行了面波震级M_S与宽频带面波震级M_S（BB）的对比研究。结果表明,大多数地震的宽频带面波震级M_S（BB）比面波震级M_S总体偏大,且M_S（BB）与M_S的线性相关程度较高。     

平面P、SV和Rayleigh波入射下沉积河谷地震响应IBEM宽频模拟

沉积河谷对地震波的高频散射规律尚不明确。采用一种高精度间接边界元法(IBEM)用于沉积河谷对平面P、SV和Rayleigh波的二维散射宽频求解分析。数值结果表明:IBEM可高效精确地模拟地震波的宽频散射;中低频段(无量纲频率η5.0),河谷地形对地震波的放大效应显著;高频波段(η10.0),河谷放大效应减弱甚至出现缩幅效应。随河谷深度增加,位移放大频段的带宽逐渐减小,第一峰值频率降低,且在低频段频谱曲线振荡剧烈。阻尼比对沉积河谷地表位移幅值具有显著影响,尤其是在高频段衰减作用明显。实际沉积河谷场地地震反应分析,需充分考虑波型、入射波频率和角度、河谷深宽比等因素,以更科学地进行震害解释和地震安全性评价。