Profiling of ponds and bogs using ground-penetrating radar

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is an electromagnetic technique that has shown particular promise in profiling bogs and freshwater ponds. GPR systems operate in a manner similar to sonar (acoustic) methods, and can complement or be used in place of sonar. GPR pulses can penetrate through shallow fresh water and into bottom sediments, providing detailed information about sediment stratigraphy, obstructions, and depth to bedrock. Peat thickness in bogs can also be readily obtained using a GPR survey. The ability to accurately determine depths in ponds, lakes, and bogs prior to coring is extremely useful for investigations in palynology. By allowing one to see into and obtain configuration and thickness of bottom sediments, GPR surveys permit placement of a core where it will yield optimum information. Where bog or water surfaces are frozen, GPR scans can be run directly over the ice.This is the 2nd in a series of papers published in this special AMQUA issue. These papers were presented at the 1994 meeting of the American Quaternary Association held 19–22 June, 1994, at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA. Dr Linda C. K. Shane served as guest editor for these papers.     

A real-time algorithm for broadband high-dynamic seismic data compression

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综合物探方法在机场滑行道地裂缝探测中的应用

地裂缝是地质灾害中地面变形灾害之一,其发生频率和灾害程度逐年加剧。本文依托机场滑行道地裂缝现状,应用地质雷达探测与高密度地震映像勘探相结合的探测方法,综合研究分析地裂缝的发育特征,为地裂缝灾害的治理提供依据。     

中国西北三类典型裸土下垫面地表宽波段发射率变化特征研究

利用2013年我国西北戈壁、沙漠和黄土塬区三类典型裸土下垫面野外观测试验资料,探究了上述地区地表向下、向上长波辐射（DLR&ULR）、地表温度（LST）和地表宽波段发射率（LSBE）的变化特征,结果表明:黄土站地表ULR和LST明显比戈壁和沙漠站偏低;戈壁宽波段发射率（GbBE）、沙漠宽波段发射率（DeBE）和黄土宽波段发射率（LoBE）具有明显的变化特征,尤其是日变化特征;观测期内GbBE、DeBE和LoBE平均值分别约为0.926±0.0452、0.916±0.0419和0.881±0.049。三站点地表宽波段发射率的数值大小和变化特征与陆面模式中所指定的参数化情况不符。地表发射率会受站点周围环境和当时气象条件等因素的影响,表层土壤湿度被认为是一个非常重要的影响因子,将来的野外观测试验中需加强相关影响要素的观测与分析。     

河北昌黎典型海岸沙丘的沉积构造及其发育模式

采用探地雷达探测了昌黎海岸沙丘区典型横向沙脊和新月形沙丘的沉积构造,据此初步揭示了研究区海岸沙丘的沉积序列特征和发育过程。结果表明,昌黎海岸带在2 000 a BP波浪作用下发育滨岸沙坝,沙坝主要以向海向陆缓倾斜的沉积构造为主,现今的风成沉积发育于滨海相沙坝之上。海岸带向海一侧经历了潮上带前丘到横向沙脊的过程,横向沙脊在东北风的作用下主要发育向陆倾斜的高角度交错层理,同时由于向岸合成风力的阶段性变化,这些层理的倾角略有差异,记录了海岸带风沙活动的周期性变化;内侧新月形沙丘由4组倾角不同的层理组成,被较大规模的二级界面分隔,复合新月形沙丘(链)经历了由盾状沙堆到典型新月形沙丘的加积发育并遭受风蚀的过程。     

埃及阿赫米姆古墓遗址浅层地球物理勘查

Ground penetrating radar, electromagnetic terrain conductivity, and electric tomography have proven to be effective tools if they are combined together to investigate archeological sites. We have conducted a geophysical survey at the Akhmim archaeological site, the main objective of our survey is to locate additional buried structures for further excavation. Geophysical data were acquired in the area using the GEM-300 multi-frequency terrain conductivity profiler, the SIR 2000 ground penetrating radar, and the Syscal R2 resistivity meter systems. The results of the integrated interpretation show a number of buried features and a strong linear zone about 1 m wide that coincides with the suspected trend of a buried wall. There appears to be two parallel ridges of strong reflections on either side, indicating two parallel walls extended East-West and a room is identified at the bottom left comer of the site. Moreover, the interpretation results of some selected GPR and dipoledipole resistivity profiles adjacent to the open-air museum suggest the existence of a second statue of Ramses Ⅱ to the right of the previously discovered statue which could still be buried in the sand.     

复杂条件下的地下管线探测模拟

近间距、非金属地下管线的探测是当今管线探测的两大难题,再加上复杂的层状介质及干扰因素的影响,使得管线探测的难度增加,雷达剖面上目标体异常的判断比较困难。为了定位目标管线,提高解释的精度,针对两大探测难题及干扰因素,运用探地雷达模拟软件Gpr Max,结合Matlab语言建立复杂层状条件下的管线模型进行模拟研究。模拟结果表明:250 MHz天线频率下埋深1 m的管线横向分辨率为50 cm,金属管线和非金属管线的雷达反射波图像不同,可根据非金属管线的雷达剖面图像判断出管线充填物质和管径大小。模拟结果对实际复杂地下管线探测可起到指导作用。     

地铁电磁场对甚宽频带地震计观测的影响评估

在距离地铁3 km的地震观测台站安装2台相同型号的甚宽频带地震计,其中1台安装屏蔽罩,另外1台没有安装,通过计算连续24 h观测数据的加速度功率谱密度,评估地铁电磁场对甚宽频带地震计观测的影响。计算结果表明,地铁电磁场对甚宽频带地震计三分向的影响主要在10~1 000 s频带范围内,其中受影响最大的是垂直分向,其次是水平分向。     

超前探测中探地雷达应用与结果的处理分析

在隧道施工中,由于地质条件的复杂性和勘察工作的局限性,往往造成地质勘查成果与开挖后的情况不一致,这就要求在隧道施工工程中进行超前跟踪探测,确保隧道施工的安全。本文主要介绍SIR-3000探地雷达系统在郴(州)宁(远)高速公路芒头岭隧道超前预报中的应用概况,并采用空间域滤波和希尔伯特变换等方法对探测结果进行处理,根据处理结果对隧道掌子面前方溶洞、裂隙等地质情况进行预测。隧道后期的开挖情况证明了雷达预测结果的正确性,取得了较好的预测效果,同时也说明了采用空间滤波、希尔伯特变换等处理方法对改进实测数据质量方面的有用性。     

探地雷达在岩溶地区勘察中的应用

地质雷达是采用高频电磁波、宽频带短脉冲和高速采样技术的一种新型的物探方法。我国贵州岩溶分布十分广泛,地下岩溶洞穴严重威胁着工程建设和人民的生命安全。以贵州六盘水盘东北循环型煤焦化项目厂址岩溶探测为例,论述了雷达探测方法的技术及其工作原理,并结合岩溶探测实例,分析了岩溶区域雷达波场空间展布特征,划定了该测区溶洞、溶蚀裂缝等岩溶地质异常的空间展布范围,验证结果表明:探地雷达技术在浅层岩溶探测中的有效性。