雌雄细鳞斜颌鲴不同部位蛋白质营养价值的比较与评价

为探明雌雄细鳞斜颌鲴不同部位的蛋白质营养价值,测定雌雄细鳞斜颌鲴中脑、眼、性腺、鳔、肌肉及皮的水分、粗蛋白等基本营养成分,对各部位的氨基酸含量进行比较分析与评价。结果表明:1)鳔和皮中粗蛋白质量分数较高,肌肉次之,眼最低(♀/♂,8.48%/7.37%),雌雄鱼各部位粗蛋白质量分数,除雌性性腺极显著高于雄性(P<0.01)外,其他部位无显著差异(P>0.05)。2)6部位均测出18种氨基酸;3)6部位总氨基酸含量大小依次如下:雌性为鳔、皮、卵巢、肌肉、脑、眼,雄性为皮、鳔、肌肉、精巢、脑、眼;4)在性腺的氨基酸组成中,雌细鳞斜颌鲴氨基酸总量(20.70%)高于雄性(9.11%),差异极显著(P<0.01);5)雌雄的眼、鳔、肌肉、皮第一限制性氨基酸均为缬氨酸,雌鱼脑的第一限制性氨基酸为苏氨酸,雄鱼脑和雌雄性腺第一限制性氨基酸为(蛋氨酸+胱氨酸);6)雌雄脑的必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)在6部位中最高,分别为82.13和80.91,肌肉的EAAI分别为72.89和71.80,皮的EAAI最低,分别为39.07和38.29。雌雄细鳞斜颌鲴6部位均含有丰富的氨基酸,其中雌性营养价值较雄性高。     

Distribution of Delphinidae (Cetacea) in relation to sea surface temperatures off Eastern and Southern New Zealand

Records of four species of Delphinidae, Delphinus delphis, Lissodelphis peroni, Lagenorhynchus obscurus, and Lagenorhynchus cruciger in waters to the east and south‐east of New Zealand are discussed in relation to surface temperatures.

In this region D. delphis appears to be largely confined north of the Subtropical Convergence and a minimum surface temperature of about 14°c, and near New Zealand from Hawke Bay southward in the warm water of the East Cape Current; L. peroni to the Subtropical Convergence and the subantarctic water to the south of it, between surface temperatures of 9°c and 16°c; L. obscurus to the immediate vicinity of the Subtropical Convergence and surface temperatures in summer of about 14° to 15°c, and L. cruciger across the Antarctic Convergence region, in a surface temperature range of 2° to 9°c.     

Biological production of methyl bromide in the coastal waters of the North Sea and open ocean of the northeast Atlantic

Two separate studies in different oceanic regions provide evidence for the production of methyl bromide (CH₃Br) by the prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis. A sampling program to study the seasonal cycle of CH₃Br in a coastal area demonstrated that the seawater was supersaturated with respect to CH₃Br for over 3 months of the year. The greatest saturation was observed during a bloom of Phaeocystis. Also, in situ field measurements demonstrated that CH₃Br was supersaturated over a large region of the northeast Atlantic. A positive correlation was observed between CH₃Br and dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP), indicating that there was a source common to both compounds. An accessory pigment, hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, which indicates the presence of prymnesiophytes, also correlated positively with CH₃Br.     

论“互联网+”天基信息服务

"互联网+"代表了一种新的社会形态,为改革、创新、发展提供广阔的网络平台。随着互联网与传统产业的不断融合,"互联网+"正深刻改造、影响多个传统行业。"互联网+"给卫星对地观测与导航创造了大众化、普及化、智能化和实时化天基信息服务的有力条件。无处不在的地球空间信息大数据具有体量大、速度快、模态多样和真伪难辨的特性,形成了"数据海量、信息缺失、知识难觅"的局面。要实现地球空间全天时、全天候、全地域服务于每个人的目标,根本上解决现有地球空间信息服务系统覆盖能力有限、响应速度慢、体系协同能力弱的问题,满足大数据时代对地球空间信息"4R"服务要求,需要构建与地面网络深度耦合的"互联网+"天基信息服务体系。结合中国空天信息技术发展情况,介绍了"互联网+"天基信息服务体系建设的实施思路,分别对实现"互联网+"天基信息服务3个不同级别的特点进行了重点阐述。面向"互联网+"天基信息服务系统的要求,对地球空间信息学的重点支撑技术和系统发展前景进行了展望。     

脑转移瘤的MRI研究进展

脑转移瘤是颅内肿瘤的一种,多指原发于身体其他部位的肿瘤细胞通过某种途径转移到颅内,并在颅内形成新的病灶。早期诊断及鉴别脑转移至关重要,以便及时治疗,延长患者生命及提高其生存质量。MRI具备无辐射、多方位、多序列及软组织分辨率高等优点,尤其是功能成像的发展及新技术的应用使其在脑转移瘤的诊断、鉴别诊断、监测和评估预后中发挥了重要作用。本文就MR功能成像及新技术在小转移灶的检测、脑转移的鉴别诊断及疗效监测中的应用予以综述。     

On Multi-Level Thinking and Scientific Understanding

Professor Duzheng YE's name has been familiar to me ever since my postdoctoral years at MIT with Professors Jule CHARNEY and Norman PHILLIPS, back in the late 1960 s. I had the enormous pleasure of meeting Professor YE personally in 1992 in Beijing. His concern to promote the very best science and to use it well, and his thinking on multi-level orderly human activities, reminds me not only of the communication skills we need as scientists but also of the multi-level nature of science itself. Here I want to say something(a) about what science is;(b) about why multi-level thinking—and taking more than one viewpoint—is so important for scientific as well as for other forms of understanding; and(c) about what is meant, at a deep level, by "scientific understanding" and trying to communicate it, not only with lay persons but also across professional disciplines. I hope that Professor YE would approve.     

基于头脑风暴优化算法与BP神经网络的海水水质评价模型研究

针对基于传统BP神经网络的海水水质评价模型存在易陷入局部极小等问题,提出了一种新的利用头脑风暴优化算法(BSO)优化BP神经网络的海水水质评价模型(BSO-BP)。该模型引入具有全局寻优特点的头脑风暴优化算法,用于模拟人类提出创造性思维解决问题的过程,具有强大的全局搜索和局部搜索的能力,同时利用BP神经网络所具有良好的非线性映射能力、学习适应能力和容错性,最大程度上考虑到海洋水质评价因素的非线性和非平稳的关系,得到BP神经网络的各层权值、阈值的最优解,使得海水水质评价结果准确合理。并以胶州湾海域的12个监测站位的监测数据作为评价样本进行水质评价,实验结果表明该评价模型能够克服局部极小问题,评价结果准确性较高,并具有一定的实用性。