外伤性迟发性颅内血肿的CT诊断

为了及早诊治外伤性颅内迟发性颅内血肿,研究外伤性迟发性颅内血肿的ＣＴ表现、ＣＴ随访价值。方法：在１２０例颅脑外伤患者中行ＣＴ随访检查。结果：通过ＣＴ复查,３２例发现有迟发性颅内血肿。其中硬膜外血肿１６例,硬膜下血肿１２例,颅内血肿４例。大约８０％的血肿在外伤后３天内出现。结论：外伤后３天内积极ＣＴ复查能及早发现迟发颅内血肿。即使开初ＣＴ扫描正常者,如病人的临床症状体征有改变,应立即行ＣＴ复查。     

脑卒中发病与气象要素变化关系分析

对南宁市脑卒中发病人数与气象要素关系的分析得出：气温、气压等气象要素与脑卒中发病有较密切关系,全年以春季发病率最高,逐日发病人数与14时气压呈明显的正相关,与最低气温呈明显的负相关,气压上升、气温骤降的冷空气天气过程可导致脑卒中病人急剧增加。     

鼻咽癌放疗后正常显示脑灰质的容积变化——基于体素的MR形态学研究

目的:探讨鼻咽癌患者放疗后全脑灰质体积的改变情况。方法:对20例接受过放射治疗的鼻咽癌患者及16例已确诊而未行放射治疗的鼻咽癌患者,进行全脑高分辨率T1WI扫描,采用基于体素形态测量学(VBM)方法,分析鼻咽癌治疗组与未治疗组脑灰质体积变化的差异。结果:与未治疗组比较,鼻咽癌治疗组双侧颞中回、左侧额上回、左侧枕下叶脑灰质体积显著减少。结论:鼻咽癌放疗后部分脑区脑灰质体积减少,VBM可早期发现常规MRI未显示的异常。     

MSCTA在颅内动脉瘤诊断中的应用

目的: 探讨多层螺旋CT血管成像在颅内动脉瘤的诊断中的应用。方法: 收集经手术证实或DSA的颅内动脉瘤31例,所有的病例均行多层螺旋CT血管成像。CTA通过采取VR、MIP及CPR等后处理重建技术,实现脑内血管重现,展现颅内血管的真实情况。20例行手术治疗,11例行DSA检查。结果: 本组31例,共36个颅内动脉瘤。29例单发,2例多发(7个动脉瘤)。MSCTA发现颅内动脉瘤33个,1个动脉瘤误诊;MSCTA正确诊断动脉瘤32个,4个动脉瘤漏诊。MSCTA诊断颅内动脉瘤的准确率为97%(32/33),敏感度为89%(32/36),平均直径为8mm(范围在3~35mm之间)。MSCTA所显示的动脉瘤与手术及DSA所见显示动脉瘤位置、大小、形态基本一致。结论: MSCTA能清楚显示颅内动脉瘤的形态、位置及其与周围的解剖关系,其诊断结果与DSA或/手术诊断符合率相当高,在颅内动脉瘤的诊断中有重要的价值。     

天气、气候变化与心、脑血管疾病死亡

通过对卫生部统计信息中心1987～1996年北京地区各类疾病死亡资料的详尽分析,结合同期的天气、气候资料,研究发现：（1）心、脑血管疾病是北京地区死亡率最高的疾病之一,其死亡率随人口年龄段增长显著增加,且男性死亡率大于女性死亡率,70～74岁年龄段为死亡高峰;（2）中、老年人的心、脑血管疾病死亡率有明显年际变化,其年际变化与同期的年平均气温变化有显著的反相关关系;（3）心血管疾病的诱发与冷锋、寒潮前等低值天气系统的出现有密切的关系。     

Spatial Thinking by Young Children: Neurologic Evidence for Early Development and “Educability”

Abstract

The human brain appears to have several “regions” that are structured to do different kinds of spatial thinking, according to a large and rapidly growing body of research in a number of disciplines. Building on a previous review of research with older children and adults, this article summarizes the research on spatial thinking by young children. Three conclusions: brain structures for spatial reasoning are fully functional at a very early age, adult intervention can enhance both use and representational ability, and practice in early grades is an important, perhaps even essential, part of the scaffold for later learning.     

Immunocytochemical localization of neuropeptide Y, serotonin, substance P and β-endorphin in optic ganglia and brain of Metapenaeus ensis

1 INTRODUCTION Amines and peptides are important bioactive substance in crustaceans, and they function as hor- mones, neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. By far, bioactive substances that have been detected from nervous system of crustaceans include se…     

Distribution of Delphinidae (Cetacea) in relation to sea surface temperatures off Eastern and Southern New Zealand

Records of four species of Delphinidae, Delphinus delphis, Lissodelphis peroni, Lagenorhynchus obscurus, and Lagenorhynchus cruciger in waters to the east and south‐east of New Zealand are discussed in relation to surface temperatures.

In this region D. delphis appears to be largely confined north of the Subtropical Convergence and a minimum surface temperature of about 14°c, and near New Zealand from Hawke Bay southward in the warm water of the East Cape Current; L. peroni to the Subtropical Convergence and the subantarctic water to the south of it, between surface temperatures of 9°c and 16°c; L. obscurus to the immediate vicinity of the Subtropical Convergence and surface temperatures in summer of about 14° to 15°c, and L. cruciger across the Antarctic Convergence region, in a surface temperature range of 2° to 9°c.     

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