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11.
黄河口水下底坡微地貌及其成因探讨 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
高分辨率的回声测深、旁侧声纳及浅地层剖面记录首次直观地揭示了黄河口水下底坡上发育有大量形态不同的微地貌类型。据其形态特征和规模的差异,将它们划分为平滑海底、凹坑与洼地、冲沟、残留岗丘及扰动复合海底等五种类型。这些微地貌分布在不同水深条件下的不同水下三角洲单元上,并存在着相互联系和相互转化。黄河口海域特殊的沉积环境和复杂的动力条件是导致水下底坡微地貌形成发育的主要机制。 相似文献
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According to climate features and river runoff conditions, Xinjiang could be divided into three research areas: The Altay-Tacheng region, the Tianshan Mountain region and the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. Utilizing daily observations from 12 sounding stations and the annual runoff dataset from 34 hydrographical stations in Xinjiang for the period 1960-2002, the variance of the summertime 0℃ level height and the changing trends of river runoff are analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively, through trend contrast of curves processed by a 5-point smoothing procedure and linear correlation. The variance of the summertime 0℃ level height in Xinjiang correlates well with that of the annual river runoff,especially since the early 1990s, but it differs from region to region, with both the average height of the 0℃ level and runoff quantity significantly increasing over time in the Altay-Tacheng and Tianshan Mountain regions but decreasing on the northern slope of the Kunlun Mountains. The correlation holds for the whole of Xinjiang as well as the three individual regions, with a 0.01 significance level. This indicates that in recent years, climate change in Xinjiang has affected not only the surface layer but also the upper levels of the atmosphere, and this raising and lowering of the summertime 0℃ level has a direct impact on the warming and wetting process in Xinjiang and the amount of river runoff. Warming due to climate change increases the height of the 0℃ level, but also speeds up, ice-snow melting in mountain regions, which in turn increases river runoff, leading to a season of plentiful water instead of the more normal low flow period. 相似文献
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云南楚雄龙川江流域上游的水库建设和河道渠化等工程改变了河谷盆地、缓坡、农耕地、河道、间歇性河流湿地和季节性溪流的地形和水文条件,曾经支持健康河流生态系统的间歇性湿地大面积退化,导致河流自净能力下降、植被退化以及生物多样性降低。通过调查和评估龙川江湿地,分析间歇性河流湿地生态修复的轨迹,确定修复目标、参考模型和技术路线,并制定湿地管理计划,旨在恢复健康的河流湿地环境。在湿地修复措施方面,挖掘和重新连接关键生态属性的湿地斑块,通过间歇性湿地保留雨水和流域的径流水量,实施综合种植计划,在河岸两侧恢复具有重要生态意义的季节性湿地综合体等。 相似文献
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This study tests the assumption that the characteristics of channels within multiple channel rivers are different from those of single channel rivers. Some river restoration approaches propose radical transformation of river patterns, from multiple to single channels, based on the link between river patterns and their in-channel characteristics. Determining the links between river patterns and their in-channel characteristics is complicated by differences in geology, history, climate and discharge among rivers. Furthermore, multiple channel rivers are composed of a mosaic of channel types with a range of in-channel characteristics. This study minimizes these problems by analysing a single river containing neighbouring single and multiple channel patterns with little change in discharge downstream, and by analysing all channel types. The study addressed two objectives: to determine the hydraulic geometry, energy, and sediment mobility characteristics of neighbouring single and multiple channel river patterns, and to test for statistical differences in these characteristics between patterns. The Renous River shows a wandering pattern for 11.5 km, with multiple channels around semipermanent islands and abandoned channels in the flood plain. The river displays a single channel river pattern where channels are confined by their valley walls, upstream and downstream of wandering. The analysis was conducted at three scales. First, the confined single channel and wandering multiple channel patterns were compared (pattern scale). Second, the confined channel pattern was compared to single and multiple channel sections within the wandering pattern (section scale). Third, all channel types were compared (channel type scale). Multi response permutation procedure (MRPP) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze differences between channels. Difference tests found no simple discrimination between the single and multiple channel river patterns of the Renous River. Tests between the single confined and multiple wandering channel patterns found few differences in the in-channel variables. The tests did find differences between multiple channel sections within the wandering pattern and confined single channels; however, a greater number of differences were found between multiple channel and single channel sections within the wandering pattern, highlighting the variability within the wandering pattern. Two groups emerged when all channel types were tested for differences: perennial main-channels containing the thalweg, and ephemeral side-channels. Therefore, side-channels define the in-channel characteristics of wandering rivers because few differences were found among main-channels in either pattern. This analysis suggests that all channel types, not just main-channels, should be investigated to obtain a complete picture of a river pattern prior to any restoration efforts. Engineers must exercise caution when applying the link between river patterns and in-channel characteristics to river restoration efforts. 相似文献
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近60年来长江河口河势变化及其对水动力和盐水入侵的影响Ⅱ.水动力 总被引:1,自引:4,他引:1
本文基于本系列论文Ⅰ中数值化的长江河口20世纪50年代、70年代海图获得的岸线和水深资料,以及2012年水深实测资料,设置不同年代模式网格,考虑径流量、潮汐和风应力作用,建立长江河口水动力和盐水入侵三维数值模式,模拟和分析不同年代潮汐潮流、单宽余通量、分汊口水通量和分流比,及其河势变化对它们的影响。最大潮差在3个年代间的变化主要在北支区域,50年代至70年代,北支潮差减小,减小区域集中在北支中段,2012年相比70年代北支潮差增大。单宽水通量在50年代北港大于南港,北支下段向上游输运、上段量值较小,在70年代南港大于北港,北支下段量值较小、上段向下游,在2012年南北港水通量较为接近,北港稍大,整个北支水通量向上游。定量给出了50、70年代和2012年南北支、南北港大潮期间和小潮期间涨潮、落潮和净水量和分流比,结合河势变化分析了不同年代间的变化原因。 相似文献
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土地利用变化引发的水资源问题往往成为跨界流域各国矛盾的焦点,如何充分考虑跨界流域的特殊性和复杂性,对土地利用变化研究提出了新的要求。本文利用 MODIS产品提取了伊犁河流域2001-2009年土地利用数据,划分流域的产水/耗水区,结合流域跨界特点分析其土地利用变化特征。研究时段内,伊犁河流域土地利用以农田和天然植被为主,农田总面积有所下降,天然植被面积基本稳定。其中上中游产水区林地出现萎缩,草地面积增幅较大;中游水库耗水区内农田大幅度转化为天然植被;下游三角洲耗水区土地利用开发受限,人类干预程度下降。产流区内中国农田面积相对境外持续增加,而天然植被面积相对境外则持续缩小。受制度影响,哈萨克斯坦境内土地利用变化波动明显,中国境内土地利用变化幅度相对稳定。 相似文献
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SA Mwachireya M Carreiro-Silva BE Hartwick TR McClanahan 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):25-42
Microbioerosion rates and microbioeroder community structure were studied in four Kenyan protected coral-reef lagoons using shell fragments of Tridacna giant clams to determine their response to the influence of terrestrial run-off. Fourteen different microbioeroder traces from seven cyanobacteria, three green algae and four fungi species were identified. The river discharge-impacted reef and ‘pristine’ reef showed similar composition but higher microbioeroder abundance and total cyanobacteria- and chlorophyte-bioeroded areas when compared with the other study reefs. Cyanobacteria dominated during the north-east monsoon (NEM) relative to the south-east monsoon (SEM) season, with algae and cyanobacteria being major microbioeroders in the river-impacted and pristine reefs. The rate of microbioerosion varied between 4.3 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1 (SEM) and 134.7 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1 (NEM), and was highest in the river-impacted reef (127.6 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1), which was almost double that in the pristine reef (69.5 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1) and the mangrove-fringed reef (56.2 g CaCO3 m?2 y?1). The microbioerosion rates measured in this study may not be high enough to cause concern with regard to the health and net carbonate production of Kenya’s coral reefs. Nevertheless, predicted increases in the frequency and severity of stresses related to global climate change (e.g. increased sea surface temperature, acidification), as well as interactions with local disturbances and their influence on bioerosion, may be increasingly important in the future. 相似文献