Diversity and Distribution of the Bryozoa along Underwater Cliffs in the Adriatic Sea with Special Reference to Thermal Regime

Abstract.  The diversity and distribution of bryozoans have been surveyed at two localities, Cape Struga on Lastovo Island (South Adriatic) and Cape Šilo on Prvić Island near Senj (North Adriatic), with similar characteristics of topography and exposure but markedly different sea temperature conditions. Continuous measurements over one year have shown that temperature conditions differ in two aspects. First, the annual range of temperature is much larger in the North. Second, in the South during summer, marine life within the thermocline layer is exposed to large high-frequency temperature oscillations, partly due to an internal diurnal tide, a phenomenon recorded for the first time in the Adriatic. Altogether, 78 species have been recorded, 57 in Lastovo and 50 in Prvić, and 29 in both localities. The comparison of mean zooid lengths of 14 bryozoan species occurring at both localities indicates no consistent difference in zooid size between northern and southern sites. Seventeen bryozoan species have been recorded in the Eastern Adriatic Sea for the first time.     

长江河口区边界层参数的观测与分析

2003年11月在长江口南槽用ADCP进行定点水文观测,结果表明研究区为不规则半日潮,在水流转向期流速较低时常出现悬沙浓度峰值。根据流速对数剖面分布模型与悬沙分布模型,分别计算了海底边界层参数,其中潮周期内摩阻流速可达0.15 m/s,粗糙长度为0.01~1.2 m,拖曳系数为10-3~10-4,边界层厚度为2~4 m,悬沙的沉降速率为0.2~6 mm/s。     

青岛海岸带及邻近海域地形和沉积物类型研究

研究了青岛海岸带及邻近海域的地形特征、沉积物类型及分布特征。总体看来,沿海岸粒度较粗,为砂、粉砂质砂等,向海深处粒度有逐渐变细的趋势,海深处的沉积物主要为砂—粉砂—黏土,局部为粉砂质黏土、黏土质粉砂和黏土质砂。灵山岛周围,沉积物粒度较粗。胶州湾口内外为一海底深槽,水深流急,冲刷强烈,沉积物粒度非常粗,主要为粗砂、中砂,局部有基岩出露。深槽南北两侧各有一条突出海底的砂脊,平行于深槽延伸方向砂脊由中砂组成,混有少量黏土,北侧砂脊表面呈不规则起伏,南侧砂脊表面则较为平整。胶州湾内沉积物粒度总体较细,主要为粉砂质黏土、黏土质粉砂及砂—粉砂—黏土等。根据沉积物类型及分布特征,可把青岛海岸带及邻近海域的沉积划分为4个沉积区:胶州湾口及滨岸现代沉积区、北部浅海沉积区、南部浅海沉积区和残留—残余沉积区。     

潮滩水流加减速阶段边界层流速剖面的比较

江苏大丰地区潮滩由于水深较浅,潮流、波浪等动力较强,整个水层可视为边界层,其主体部分是对数层,即水流流速在垂向上呈对数分布。在潮流的加减速阶段,流速剖面将可能偏离对数分布,从而使对数剖面法计算出来的边界层参数造成误差。使用MIDAS-400用户化数据采集系统,在大丰潮滩获得了多层流速、浊度等同步高频观测数据,基于修正后的von Karman-Prandtl模型对u-lnz进行回归分析、数据内部一致性分析来定义流速对数剖面并与未修正前经典理论得到的边界层参数进行比较。分析结果表明,修正后的流速剖面更符合实际情况,边界层参数除了受水流加速度的影响外,还和沙纹等因素有关。另外,边界层参数的变化量与特征加速度负相关。     

Numerical Simulation of Residual Circulation due to Bottom Roughness Variability Under Tidal Flows in A Semi-Enclosed Bay

1 .IntroductionWater pollution has a large influence on water environment and our life ;for example ,it some-times induces oxygen depression,blue tide andredtide in a bay.For water purificationin a semi-en-closed sea ,some new methods to activate the tidal exchange between an inner bay and an outer seaarea by control of a tidal residual current have been proposed (Awayaet al .,1995) . Huthnance(1973) ,Zimmerman (1978 ,1981) , Loder (1980) ,and Robinson (1983) considered cases wherethe fricti…     

蓬莱附近 海区水下地形的星载合成孔径雷达遥感

本文依据山东蓬莱附近海区１９９２年４月１９日的ＥＲＳ－１ＳＡＲ图像，分析了该海区的水下地形并探讨了水下地形雷达成像机理。分析结果显示，ＳＡＲ图像较好地揭示了该海区四人洲、潮待洲、新井洲等水下地形。研究指出，流经水下地形的潮流对海洋表面波的水动力调制是水下地形ＳＡＲ成像的主要机理。     

Numerical Study of a Kyucho and a Bottom Intrusion in the Bungo Channel,Japan: Disturbances Generated by the Kuroshio Small Meanders

The generation and propagation mechanisms of a Kyucho and a bottom intrusion in the Bungo Channel, Japan, have been studied numerically using the hydrostatic primitive equations by assuming density stratification during summer. The experiments are designed to generate a Kuroshio small meander in Hyuga-Nada, which acts as a trigger for these disturbances. After the current speed of the Kuroshio is changed, a small meander is generated. At the head of the small meander, warm Kuroshio water is engulfed, and encounters the southwest coast of Shikoku. However, convergence of heat flux on the bump off Cape Ashizuri suppresses the generation of a warm disturbance, if the current speed is large. As the cold eddy associated with the small meander approaches Cape Ashizuri, the heat flux diverges on the bump. This heat source forces a warm disturbance, which intrudes along the east coast of the Bungo Channel as a baroclinic Kelvin wave (a Kyucho). After the cold eddy passes off Cape Ashizuri, the Kuroshio approaches the bump again. Strong convergence of heat flux then occurs on the bump, which forces a cold disturbance. This disturbance propagates as a topographic Rossby wave along the shelf break at the mouth of the channel. After the topographic wave reaches the west end of the shelf break, it intrudes along the bottom layer of the channel as a density current (a bottom intrusion). These results suggest that a Kyucho and a bottom intrusion are successive events associated with the propagation of the small meander.     

卡罗琳M4平顶海山区地貌特征与地质过程研究

卡罗琳M4平顶海山位于卡罗琳海脊与马里亚纳海沟交界处,对其地貌与地质过程的研究有利于深入理解地球动力及环境背景与该地区海山演化的关系。基于“科学”号实测的全覆盖多波束水深数据与“发现”号遥控无人潜水器(remote operated vehicle, ROV)多次下潜获取的近海底影像资料,描述了卡罗琳M4平顶海山及附近区域的地形地貌特征,并对影响海山演化的主要地质过程进行了分析。线性喷发中心等火山地貌指示了研究区内沿线性喷口的裂隙式喷发活动。“C”字型的弯曲形态与陡崖说明山顶平台边缘经历过多次崩塌与破坏,滑坡痕与沉积块体/碎屑组成了块体搬运体系,并在中下段斜坡转变为浊流形成冲沟与水道。M4海山顶部还发育有较为完整的残留环礁地貌,其被淹没的机制可能是由于上升流输入的丰富营养物质影响了底栖环境的光照,从而抑制了珊瑚生长。     

南海西南部巽他陆架底层冷水及其季节变化分析

本文利用历史水文观测数据研究了南海西南部巽他陆架水团特征,结果表明:(1)巽他陆架纳土纳群岛周围底层存在着低温高盐的冷水,该冷水沿地形爬升分为两支,一支可延伸至泰国湾,另一支伸向卡里马塔海峡;(2)巽他陆架底层冷水有明显的季节变化,该底层冷水在春季开始形成,夏季达到最强,秋季开始衰退,最后在冬季完全消失;(3)巽他陆架底层冷水来源于南海次表层水的涌升。夏季西南季风使陆架表层水向南海流动,有利于南海次表层低温高盐水沿地形向陆架爬升,此时底层冷水与表层水温差超过8°C。冬季东北季风,使南海表层水向陆架流动,海水在陆架堆积,从而阻止了南海次表层低温高盐水的爬升。