Numerical analysis and centrifuge modeling of shallow foundations

The influence of non-coaxial constitutive model on predictions of dense sand behavior is investigated in this paper. The non-coaxial model with strain softening plasticity is applied into finite-element program ABAQUS, which is first used to predict the stress-strain behavior and the non-coaxial characteristic between the orientations of the principal stress and principal plastic strain rate in simple shear tests. The model is also used to predict load settlement responses and bearing capacity factors of shallow foundations. A series of centrifuge tests for shallow foundations on saturated dense sand are performed under drained conditions and the test results are compared with the corresponding numerical results. Various footing dimensions, depths of embedment, and footing shapes are considered in these tests. In view of the load settlement relationships, the stiffness of the load-displacement curves is significantly affected by the non-coaxial model compared with those predicted by the coaxial model, and a lower value of non-coaxial modulus gives a softer response. Considering the soil behavior at failure, the coaxial model predictions of bearing capacity factors are more advanced than those of centrifuge test results and the non-coaxial model results;besides, the non-coaxial model gives better predictions. The non-coaxial model predictions are closer to those of the centrifuge results when a proper non-coaxial plastic modulus is chosen.     

阜阳华纺新天地超长空桩成孔施工控制措施

阜阳华纺新天地桩基工程,原计划基坑底面施工调整为地面施工,增加了近14 m的空桩。为此,工程桩施工质量存在桩位、孔底沉渣厚度、钢筋笼位置、砼质量、砼桩顶标高等方面控制的相关问题。本文介绍了其施工情况,其经验可供类似工程借鉴。     

Slow mass movement in the Kangchenjunga area, eastern Nepal Himalaya

Abstract   The rates of the accumulated and continuous displacement of solifluction lobes in the Kangchenjunga area, eastern Nepal Himalaya, were determined using glass fiber tubes and a strain probe. Ground temperature, precipitation and soil moisture were monitored at two sites, whose altitude differed by approximately 100 m, to understand the solifluction process. The average movement rate of the glass fiber tubes on a 31° slope at altitudes of 5412–5414 m a.s.l. was approximately 11 mm/year, being almost threefold greater than that observed on a 22° slope at 5322–5325 ma.s.l. There was no significant difference in the depth of displacement at these sites. The continuous displacement measurement near the ground surface at 5414 m showed permanent downslope movement from early July. Such movement may be attributed to additional moisture supply during the monsoon season. The amplitude of the displacement cycle was highest at the ground surface, and decreased to virtually zero at and below 20 cm in depth. Probable factors leading to the relatively slow rates of downslope displacement at the surface and depth at the studied altitudes are the lack of concurrence of the freeze–thaw cycles and the high moisture condition in the soil, and the low moisture retention capacity of the soil because of steep slopes and superficial desiccation. The rate of displacement may be more pronounced at altitudes above 5600 m because of the freeze–thaw cycles during the summer season.     

绿片岩三轴流变力学特性的研究(Ⅰ):试验结果

为了解锦屏一级水电站坝基绿片岩的流变力学特性，采用岩石全自动流变伺服仪对绿片岩进行了三轴压缩流变试验。基于试验结果，研究了绿片岩在不同围压作用下的轴向应变以及侧向应变随时间的变化规律，讨论了流变特性对岩石应力一应变曲线的影响，探讨了不同应力水平下的轴向以及侧向流变速率变化趋势，分析了不同围压下流变的破裂机制，掌握了绿片岩三轴流变的基本规律，从而为该水电站工程流变数值分析时参数的辨识提供了可靠的依据。     

PVA1788成膜体系无固相冲洗液在桂柳地1井的应用

桂柳地1井为广西柳州市鱼峰区雒容镇区块页岩气地质调查井,设计井深2350 m,钻遇水敏性地层等复杂地层。为了提高无固相冲洗液在页岩气复杂地层深孔钻进中维持孔壁稳定的能力,在PVA1788体系无固相冲洗液的基础上,添加成膜A剂、封堵剂GFD-1等处理剂。根据冲洗液试验及现场应用,成膜A剂具有降失水功能,不影响冲洗液的润滑性能,对粘度影响不明显,该PVA1788成膜体系无固相冲洗液滤失量较低,封堵裂隙效果好,减弱了地层水化膨胀,提高了成膜抑制防塌能力,满足了桂柳地1井深孔复杂地层维护孔壁稳定、安全钻进的需要。对类似复杂地层无固相冲洗液的推广应用具有参考价值。     

单轴压缩岩样轴向回跳及侧向回跳理论研究

研究了单轴压缩条件下轴向回跳及侧向回跳之间的关系。在应变软化阶段,试样的弹性轴向应变及弹性侧向轴向应变由虎克定律确定;试样的轴向塑性应变及侧向塑性轴向应变由梯度塑性理论确定,它们与应力水平、剪切带倾角及宽度、软化模量及试样的尺寸有关。根据轴向应力-应变曲线及侧向应力-应变曲线软化段斜率的正负,得到了轴向回跳及侧向回跳的条件。轴向回跳的原因是轴向弹性应变的恢复快于轴向塑性应变的增加。侧向回跳的原因是侧向弹性应变的恢复快于侧向塑性应变的增加。当剪切带倾角的正切小于泊松比与试样宽高比之积时,若侧向变形发生回跳,则轴向变形就发生回跳;反之,若轴向变形发生回跳,则侧向变形就发生回跳。对于常规岩样,若侧向发生回跳,则轴向必定是回跳的。在应变软化阶段,根据轴向应变及侧向应变是否发生回跳,轴向应变与侧向应变曲线被划分为4种类型：即轴向回跳及侧向回跳情形、轴向回跳及侧向回跳情形、轴向不回跳及侧向回跳情形及轴向回跳及侧向不回跳情形,并得到了各种类型的条件。     

RZB钻孔应变仪量程扩展的研究

为使RZB型钻孔应变仪在千米深井水压的作用下能够正常工作,设计了以陶瓷马达为核心、RS485总线为基础的远程控制机构,用以补偿传感元件的初始位移,从而实现RZB型钻孔应变仪量程的扩展,并在实验室开展了10 MPa水压的模拟实验。结果显示,装有量程扩展系统的传感器在5 MPa处超量程,经量程调节后,在10 MPa处仍能正常工作。     

高压富水区隧道帷幕注浆止浆系统分析

针对圆梁山隧道高压富水区的岩溶水分布特点,确定了合理的注浆范围和注浆参数。在此基础上,设计了高压帷幕注浆的止浆系统,并对其可靠性进行了分析和验算,以确保施工安全。在工程实践中,该技术取得了预期的效果,保证了高压注浆的顺利进行,它对类似条件的注浆设计和施工具有一定的参考价值。     

脆性岩石侧向变形特征及损伤机理研究

进行了三峡花岗岩常规三轴压缩、保持轴向应变和保持轴向应力的卸围压试验,研究了脆性岩石在不同应力路径和不同加载控制方式下的侧向变形特征,可见临界侧向应变均稳定在（?0.004 ? 0.000 5）范围内。进一步进行三峡花岗岩的全过程应力-应变曲线和损伤力学分析,发现脆性岩石在不同应力路径和不同加载控制方式下均以侧向损伤为主,且侧向损伤曲线的形态近似,达到临界破坏状态时损伤值稳定在0.7?0.8左右。最后以侧向损伤变量表征花岗岩脆性破坏过程,建立了基于应变空间的、可以考虑卸荷应力路径的损伤模型和应变型破坏准则。     

Method of deformation analysis for composite structures of soils and masonry stones

The coupled numerical manifold method (NMM) and discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) are enhanced to simulate deformations of continuous soil and discontinuous masonry structures. An elasto-plastic NMM-DDA is formulated that incorporates elasto-plastic constitutive laws into incremental forms of the equation of motion. A node-based uniform strain element is applied to avoid volumetric locking, which often occurs in conventional NMM-DDA. The proposed method is applied to three fundamental boundary value problems: a beam bending problem, a bearing capacity problem of a footing, and a bearing capacity problem of a masonry structure. The method is verified through comparisons with conventional solutions.